CFIC introduction:
We are necessary to listen attentively to the aspirations of officeholder seriously, the way that because it is likely adumbrative officeholder system reforms next.
If leave common people far, be immersed in worthless thing too much in the center, certainly will of achievement feeling of the job, ego self-identity feeling is increasingly rare, officeholder can not angst?
Be in China, officeholder is a quite special group.
Look us to understand them very much. Likelihood your a certain classmate or friend are officeholder. Although do not have this kind of relation, your summation officeholder has been hit be handed in, should find out all one's life still never not allow really with the person of officeholder contact with easy.
Can do we understand them really? Even if be oneself official friend, it is not certain also to be afraid can accomplish open his mind completely. Although open one's mind, that also is the word below illicit only, others knows very hard.
But we still have method to analyse the occurrent issue on officeholder body.
For instance, the sound that pays close attention to angst of officeholder group mentality is increasing. Believe a lot of people noticed, speak of the angst of officeholder, say actuating pressure is great immediately, the job rises do not have sunset night.
A lot of people are grouchy: Whose actuating pressure is not great? Here is to make a mistake actually. Pressure cannot delimit simply with angst greatly equal-sign.
I am a reporter, keep draft pressure very big also, can make draft on time, quality can assure, also can sleep to be not worn occasionally become aware. But this can let me feel tired only, not certain with respect to angst.
If write the value standard of draft and own heart is afoul, be immersed in kink, suspect working meaning, this moment may be met very angst.
In inner conflict hard extricate oneself, free oneself hard, this ability is the germ of angst, alleged pressure just is in what aggravate conflicts to accumulate greatly, "Create " the condition of angst.
So, does the heart of officeholder conflict from why and come?
Special profession
Say on some kind of meaning, be in China, officeholder is " new thing " , the mark that appears formally was 1993 " national official is provisional byelaw " . Before this making a way is " national office working personnel " .
Compare with officeholder photograph, our more familiar name is cadre and official.
"Official " this word still active in the political speech in us, for instance, "Do not get rich when the official " . But in formal document, "Cadre " and " officeholder " just be normal formulation. A lot of people may have not known today, the teacher also belongs to a cadre previously, after reforming and opening, the limits that the cadre indicates is narrowing, but still be more than officeholder far.
How many does Chinese officeholder have after all? According to statistical bulletin of the country, up to by 2016, the whole nation shares officeholder 7.19 million person.
Of course, you had been hit those who hand in is alleged " officeholder " , may not belongs this 7.19 million person, they may be governmental employee. In villages and towns more such, real official may be very few, and you constant of contact with, the person that considers as fair door go-between is very much however.
When officeholder it is a lot of people's yearning profession choice, the graph swarms into examination room for examinee. Number of national official exam signing up was made an appointment with 2019 1.4 million.
Why should give officeholder system from the become divided in cadre system? The professionalism of this and administration is concerned. Straight white ground is told, the processing of modern society is not to build the base in private concern, undertake according to catholicity regulation however -- do not look you and handle affairs private concern of the person how, see accord with normally however.
Corresponding, an officeholder system is built, include emulative examination (every is entered take an examination of surely) , series of specific functionary office class and pursue course rising standard. Reduce officeholder as far as possible this occupational person is and capricious element, this and the blame anthropomorphize management to the society are the two sides of a coin.
Officeholder becomes a kind of profession, this meeting brings profound influence, especially with cadre and official photograph of these two concepts is compared, the colour with a variety of divine even mystery is met gradually subsidise.
Of traditional society " official " , going up somehow is the object of common people belief. Because goverment office in feudal China is deciding the person's life and death lives or die, honour or disgrace is promoted decline, just had so " the person is nice in fair door cultivate oneself according to a religious doctrine " such abundant abundant is dissuasive.
And fall in officeholder system, "Official " be regarded profession of a kind of society, like waiting for a profession with doctor, cleaner, it is social need, itself does not have the cent of stand or fall, without so much a ring of light.
But compare with western photograph, chinese officeholder still has his special place. Officeholder code is decided, fact of officeholder leadership post is chosen all right allow to make, appoint is made and appoint to a position is made, this is the fundamental pattern that enters higher position actually, the main avenue with rising officeholder chases class to promote inside the system namely.
Of course, officeholder law also has a patch. For instance, hall bureau class is leading a post to appear under duty vacant and this mechanism does not have appropriate person selected, can face social choose to hold a post through proper way person selected; New castigatory party card leads provision of orders of cadre choose appoint, in noticing to wait for unit and organism from place of courtyard of enterprise, college, scientific research, discover choose party card leads a cadre.
But these stipulate more is auxiliary property. That is to say, be in China, you want to take up a political career, the mainest way passes an exam namely, enter officeholder system, next open one layer upon layer filtration difficult and lengthy process.
In western country, the mayor is a this locality businessman probably, want him to be chosen only go up to go. This is system is different, china stipulated fixed communication and district are evasive clearly system, prevent branch or local interest to sit big, the system of this and Chinese traditional society designs come down in one continuous line.
Anyhow, be in China, officeholder is a kind of profession, it is special profession, the main entrance that because it is,takes up a political career.
The angst of officeholder
Understood the professionalism of Chinese officeholder and special point, with respect to the angst that can understand officeholder better.
The pressure that officeholder faces is varied, for instance working difficulty rises, in-house and human relation, get used to the act style of different leader, the rule that issues from the severe setting that control a faction in the round and discipline requirement. Most centralized pressure comes from rising, the most apparent also ground is mirrorred in rising on.
Should take up a political career should become official first, want preferment to must rely on interior to chase class to promote to a high office. To officeholder, one pace goes slow, likelihood step by step very passive, this by " can go up cannot fall, can enter cannot go out " malpractice place aggrandizement. In the meantime, time grew, total meeting is facing a post to promote to a high office go up " not enough to satify everyone " .
Pursuit is rising, normal human feelings, this also is to lash actually the method of officeholder. But the place before be like is narrated, pressure cannot be equal at angst, the angst of psychological level basically comes from conflict.
E.g. , we two same batch enter officeholder rank, big property performance is similar, you promoted to a high office and I am done not have, my heart can produce the conflict of professional acknowledge and feasibility condition, this ability is the origin of angst.
The individual character that the professional characteristic that original division layer makes can depress a person -- this kind of depression is necessary, want to assure to be not anthropomorphize management, have to handle affairs with general regulation and not be to comply with oneself individual character. Depress individual character, although also can bring conflict, but after all can be adjusted, right after all for most officeholder, professional goodness acts according to the rules namely, treat equally without discrimination, is not individual character fly upwards.
Here should distinguish, individual character and personality are distinct. Individual character often is considered as the belt on the body is pricked or eye does not have superior, division layer makes the beyond the mark make public that should remove individual character necessarily, this does not do not have this independent character on behalf of officeholder. We often oversight this.
Conference clearance, a personnel of national official business comes out to loosen press a leg.
Ground of be practical and realistic says, below present officeholder system, ranking leader has very great speech to counterpoise to subordinate individual preferment, otherwise new castigatory party card leads byelaw of cadre choose appoint to forbid with respect to won't special provision " decide to appoint and dismiss a cadre by individual of main leader member " , forbid to be in " main leader member is about to achieve hold a post age limit, , assault is promoted, adjust a cadre " .
Should organize ethics, basic principle and leader individual decision-making happening when conflicting, some officeholder often change the faithfulness to the organization become the faithfulness to the individual, inner standard and actual choice form huge conflict, bring worry.
Below rising pressure, the inner conflict that officeholder place faces is worth to pay close attention to especially, this is more significant than talking about all sorts of actuating pressure generally.
You look, officeholder law sets the 60th times, if think ranking decision perhaps commands those who have a mistake, can offer an opinion to superior; Ranking still importunate, officeholder ought to be carried out, executive consequence is in charge of by superior, officeholder does not assume responsibility; But, officeholder implements the decision that violates apparently or jussive, ought to assume corresponding responsibility lawfully.
The service window of mechanism of management department of a transportation of Nanjing city.
From inside worthless thing disengagement comes out
Say for go, officeholder is to use public right force to be the society, person that handles affairs for common people. Should alleviate really the angst of officeholder, the mainest idea is to let them throw energy in handling affairs for common people. In the smiling face of satisfaction of each common people, although officeholder has worry, also can get be curinged best.
Be in China, officeholder is defined to be one part of the cadre, it is to emphasize officeholder wanting to assume connection actually masses, arouse the responsibility of masses, service masses. This requirement officeholder should be good at a superior not only decision-making with actual condition union rises, and should be good at and masses contact with, decision-making and successful carry out go down.
But with " People's Daily " if say, just entered the officeholder of office door, those who know national condition is little, those who be familiar with basic level is little, those who be close to masses is little, even some young cadre mentally have acting channel with agrestic, villager, there is difference in temperature with the people's livelihood, civilian Mo on affection.
This is mixed probably this generation is young the growing experience of officeholder is relative. Every is entered take an examination of surely, measure from record of formal schooling at least, our officeholder team can say the elite that is a society.
Arrive from 2006 2017, the proportion that record of formal schooling of above of university undergraduate course holds officeholder sum total by 43% rise 72% . As time elapse and acting border replace, this scale returns can farther promotion, that is to say, arrive again to the school gate from the door the officeholder of office door returns meeting grow in quantity, they will make the main trend of cadre of leaders of all levels eventually.
Wuhan some college self-study room, the student with preparative male take an examination ofing is in work overtime read a book.
The official that how assures these tall record of formal schooling understands the situation of basic level?
In national official exam, a lot of position ask clearly to have two years experience of work of above basic level. When party card leader is carrying class of place holding the post of a county to lead a post, also ask to have two years experience of work of above basic level. This is helpful for officeholder team " ground connection is angry " .
But in reality, of bureaucratism, formalism flush invite a lot of official " devote into " to too much go in worthless thing.
A lot of phenomena were listed in the announcement that print and distribute does in, had not understood again.
For instance, optional requirement basic level writes stuff of number of statistical tables and reports, layer upon layer newspaper, will lead written instructions simply, attend a meeting the note of record of Zhang of dispatch, stage, job standard that whether implements as the job, work with small letter group, government affairs APP uploads scheme of yard scene check or transcribe video to replace pair of real works to evaluate, "One ticket is overruled " item is flush, sign at every turn " responsibility shape " , covert to place and responsibility of basic level shirk, wait a moment so.
Work below such environment, who is happy really? If leave common people far, be immersed in worthless thing too much in the center, certainly will of achievement feeling of the job, ego self-identity feeling is increasingly rare, officeholder can not angst?
Officeholder system of nearly 20 years, had walked along development to shape, the period that augment expands, took historical inflection point now. Officeholder group is producing main effect in increasingly onerous reform and development task, the contradiction with officeholder internal system also is exposed gradually.
We are necessary to listen attentively to the aspirations of officeholder seriously, the way that because it is likely adumbrative officeholder system reforms next.
