On April 10 at 21 o'clock, " incident eyeshot is telescopic " (Event Horizon Telescope, EHT) project in the whole world Brussels, Santiago, Shanghai, Taipei, Tokyo, He Huacheng held 6 ground at the same time suddenly news briefing, announced this epoch-making significant positive result formally.
This project by the whole world many 200 researcher of many countries and area is comprised, it is a plan that with observation galaxy black hole of central especially big quality is main goal, observation core is Sagittarius of galaxy center black hole A* and black hole of center of M87 elliptical galaxy, release this, it is latter black hole image.
Spot of ▲ Shanghai press conference
Can see from the photograph, the black hole resembles sphere of a black, dismal weak share is the center " black hole shadow " , and because effect of lens of powerful gravitational force and relativistic are shot,the cricoid asymmetry structure all round is bundle (Beaming) effect causes.
Because the black hole keeps rotating, the picture that yields it resembles the glow eddy that is an asymmetry it seems that.
And respecting black hole, what appear possibly is in your brain " dim do not see an end " and " everythings on earth all can be sucked " .
Above all, the black hole is not a hole, it is celestial body. Regard the most mysterious fatidical universe as one of celestial bodies, black hole quality is great density is extremely high, huge gravitation field can produce all round, all material are difficult near it escape whiff, the light with the rapiddest rate travels in Lian Yuzhou, also cannot finish the remarkable range that gives it in the black hole.
The artistic conception of ▲ black hole pursues
And the gravitation is vast area all round the black hole, be called " incident eyeshot " , want to had crossed this border only, all physical law are met here invalidation, " incident eyeshot is telescopic " this one part that those who film is two black holes.
1915, einstein is in broad sense the theory of relativity most predicted first " black hole " , 1968, american astronomer Huile puts forward a black hole formally " Black Hole " noun, although later also appear those who cross a few black holes is indirect and video can prove its body is in in the Milky Way, but the right kind appearance that nobody has seen a black hole.
Of image of ▲ black hole imitate, measure, and rebuild, the picture comes from: Katie Bouman And Jason Dext
100 old after today, human first time can confirm the existence of the black hole directly.
In the meantime, the scientist also expresses, the broad sense the theory of relativity of the feature of this image and Einstein agrees completely, farther test and verify its validity.
How lucky, we become the mankind that witnesses a black hole to be allowed really for the first batch, also may be the carbon that the first batch of saw with one's own eyes in the universe see a black hole base biology.
How is black hole picture taken?
From Hong Huang the times rises, the mankind never has stopped what correct carries mysterious sky on the head to look at.
April 2017, " incident eyeshot is telescopic " begin to catch a black hole " incident eyeshot " clear picture. This " incident eyeshot is telescopic " observation acts, can saying is history one of interstellar observation projects with go up the most difficult.
▲ picture comes from: The United States breaths out net of center of astrophysical of Buddha – Shi Misen
Above all, sagittarius A* is apart from the earth the Yao of 26 thousand light-year, quality approximates 4 million suns, eyeshot radius makes an appointment with 24 million kilometer, and M87 center is apart from the earth 55 million light-year, approximate quality of 6.4 billion sun. Press the scientist's view, the difficulty that sheet takes a picture to Sagittarius A* is equal to almost " an apple that gives a moon the appearance takes a picture " .
Next, film technology, film time, film the position lets a project consider to become more step forward dimension difficult.
Then, researcher decision will distributing to hope in 8 radio of hemisphere of north and south of global each district, over or across glasses rises jointly, composition is equivalent to the earth of the biggest diameter large and fictitious hope glasses has observation.
The global observation network of binoculars of ▲ incident eyeshot. The picture comes from: Nature
The observation technology that uses here, namely " interference of very long base line is measured " (VLBI) . Adopt this kind of technique, can combine many binoculars the binoculars with a bigger aperture, let a distance become limitation no longer. Two radio telescope and center of a data processing, with respect to the galaxy outside the quasi-stellar object with can common distant observation and river.
Because black hole itself is invisible, the takes picture here, because the black hole is in,be actually " eat off " beside when star, aeriform tear at can produce gyral suction to accumulate dish, add upside cent to suck accumulate gas to also be met be cast to go out to form gush to flow along rotational direction, these aeriform attrition produced bright light, plus other frequency paragraph radiation, because this can take the glow appearance to these black holes.
▲ black hole and the art that amass sucking disk envision a plan. The picture comes from: Wikipedia
Hope when 8 radio glasses is started jointly, the record of signal of number of signal translate into that VLBI net receives each radio telescope is on disk, through data the center is handled and analyse next, the radio that can achieve observation goal writtens guarantee composition of a picture resembles subtly, highest resolution can be the several hundredfold of binoculars of haing suddenly space.
Such, we can look clear " the apple on the moon " .
The extremely high resolution that films this to achieve, 13 many research organizations participate in the whole world such as the observatory orgnaization that includes subordinate of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and college come in begin work of research, calibration.
And, more than " pat " the picture is troublesome, " wash " the picture is more troublesome.
This is not Ka Ca the photography process that can complete. Mention above, pass VLBI, want all observation data incident eyeshot binoculars gather, arrange. Cross the voluminous observatory data of Vietnam the Northern Hemisphere, cannot transmit through the network, need is great store the hard disk of the capacity is collected and mail research center.
Common 5 day observation, whole entire line arranges 7PB data with respect to meeting generation (1PB=1000TB=1000000GB) , replete 1000-2000 hard disk.
To prevent earthly atmosphere data of medium lunt block up is received, place observation station in dry upland even, but groovy hard disk is overpowering low pressure. The case inside Mexico drags volcano much tip (altitude 4580 meters) there are 28 to cannot be run in 32 telescopic groovy hard disk, be forced to change his costume or dress to hold hard disk into helium sealing gland finally.
▲ picture comes from: EHT
In the meantime, the computer undertakes tiring-room processing and analytic magnanimity data also need extremely long, the data of collect of each station check and accept is mixed to the United States by the assemble Germany two data center, computer group should undertake incorporate and be analyticed to data time, lack the part that break or blurs, need a scientist to undertake going all out pursueing perfect.
Weak production gives picture of this piece of black hole, researcher used 2 years of or so time.
Although the photograph still is one confuses unreal it seems that " muddleheaded " (wait for affirm) , but this historic pry, also be a dazzling monument.
The meaning of the photograph, more than let the mankind see a black hole
This major discovery, let us not only can the true appearance of black hole of bring into contact with, more important is, help our test and verify the physical property of the theory of relativity of Einstein broad sense and black hole, include rate of quantity of black hole true essence, diameter, rotation...
Say of Gou Lijun of researcher of observatory of country of the Chinese Academy of Sciences:
There can be a lot of billabongs all round the black hole, billabong to whole universe, and galaxy evolution, having very main effect. But we are not particularly clear how does it arise, we see the situation all round the black hole, can help us solve most scientific question of the foundation.▲ picture comes from: Xinhua News Agency interviews check scheme
This just begins, prospective EHT still can bring the scientific gain with unprecedented more. And the project achievement of this black hole, the more abstruse new view that allowed us to enter to reveal time, space, light and corporeal profundity essence undoubtedly.
EHT also states sequel still can give more black hole to undertake taking a picture reaching study, human aux will be able to is more thorough geographical Jie Yuzhou.
▲ participates in the Chinese scientist of EHT
Include as contrary as black hole as it happens universe celestial body: White hole, it also is source of a powerful gravitational force, but gravitation is from inside outside, any material and light cannot be entered among them. Although white hole is the fictitious celestial body that gives by academic derivation likewise, but notable is, when black hole and white hole join, that among them special passageway is we are more familiar -- bug hole.
If an astronaut drops a black hole, by the trickling sluggishly brooklet that the tide force of the black hole rips Chengyuanzi to form, it is very then possible also in the black hole of high speed rotation Bai Dongzhong is entered multidimensional dimensional channel, it is namely in bug hole, begin a paragraph of new aerospace trip.
▲ picture comes from: " interstellar pass through "
This also was 2014 Nolan is classical " interstellar pass through " play origin, the black hole picture that we saw the most adjacent and scientific merit on screen first through it " block Gangtuya " . And above receive that astronaut also not be death probably, however another new universe.
In all route that using practice test and verify ceaselessly, human in one's heart always is boiling disturbed blood, the jumpy we are collective future in thorax. " unripe Yu Fanchen, be attributed to stars " the happy ending in just will imagining no longer probably.
This also lets us realize again: The earth ought not to be the only solution of human a home to return to.
▲ picture comes from: " interstellar pass through "
No matter be interstellar journey, still be emigrant spark, in at present earthly natural resources begins to move toward dried up condition underground step by step, come with environmental protection and technology defer earth life is indispensable, but perhaps this is a perfect interim fitly, lend this the aerospace that the mankind more serious thought and force cast Xiang Qunxing to bright in.
Hocking also is opposite in old age period human future is anxiety-ridden. He thinks the earth and human front are facing austere domestic trouble and foreign invasion, will bring about the mankind besides artificial intelligence and climate problem ruined earth destruction, the extraterrestrial inbreaks possibly still at any time the earth...
In making a speech, express what he ever was in Cantabrigian university 2016:
For human future, we must enter outer space. Below the case that does not leave this frail heavenly body, I do not think we can cross the next alive 1000.Although be a black hole, a day when have death possibly also.
The black hole in Hocking is thermodynamic in, put forward " the black hole evaporates " academic. That is to say, in very distant future, arrive when thermal drop of cosmic setting radiate under black hole temperature, right now the black hole is mixed with respect to material of can outward radiate energy, and black hole itself will disappear slowly.
Of course, the mankind may not wait at all, after all the estimation according to Hocking, a quality is the sun the black hole of 10 times, big schematic beautiful 10^{70} year disappear, and the age with current universe also has 10^{10} only year.
Live in tellurian now at least nevertheless we, still can continue to keep cordial, keep innocent, in wrestle of photograph of the make a stand against in jumbly hope and acedia civilization, the possibility with the mankind and infinite universe is being explored in finite life.
Although insignificant, great also however.
