In business management, we often are faced with a product to produce the promotion of quality, small nevertheless company or big company need to face this problem, so how to undertake the product produces the management of quality and promotion?
Have a very famous method, almost all big company can be used, this method is PDCA loop.
PDCA is plan of English word Plan() , Do(is carried out) , Check(is checked) handle with Act() the first letter, PDCA circulates even if have quality government according to such order, and circulate have the scientific program that go down more thanly. Overall quality manages whole process of the activity, the formulate that is quality plan and the course that organize implementation, this process circulates according to PDCA namely, ceaseless ground of suddenly go round and round runs.
PDCA loop law not only can the promotion of quality of user product production, serve the promotion of quality, even on the promotion of the clerical quality such as the sale such as sale effect promotion, management.
How is PDCA circulation used in management, whole is divided into 4 paces.
{! - - PGC_COLUMN- - }P phase
Mix according to the client's requirement namely constituent guiding principle, establish essential objective and procedure to provide a result.
1, current situation of choose task, analysis, find out a problem.
Those who emphasize is the assurance to the current situation and the consciousness that discover a problem, ability, discovering a problem is the first situation that solves a problem, it is the condition that analyses a problem.
The task limits that development of new products plan chooses is it is premise in order to satisfy market demand, gain profit with the enterprise be a target. Also need to develop way certainly according to the ability such as the resource of the enterprise, technology at the same time.
The task is this second research activity cut a point, the option of the task is very important, if do not undertake market survey, prove the feasibility of the task, bring possibly decision-making the error that go up, cause the failure that designs development after devoted and much labor power, material resources likely. For instance: If an enterprise develops dynamic information to lack sensitivity to the market, the new product that develops possibly vigorously, be in another enterprise had been common product, with respect to the waste that can create manpower, material resources, financial capacity. Choose a reasonable project task to be able to reduce the mortality of research and development, reduce the risk that new product invests. Questionnaire can be used when choosing a task, arrange the method such as contrast of graph, level, make brains storm can structuralization presents visualer information, make thereby reasonable and decision-making.
2, calm target, the analysis produces the account of the problem.
The account that the analysis after seeking accurate issue produces a problem is crucial, use the scientific method of a variety of draw on the wisdom of the masses such as brains storm law, seek all accounts that bring about problem generation completely.
After making clear the subject that studies an activity, need set an activity target, stipulate mobile place wants accomplished content and achieved level namely. The target can be qualitative + quantify surely, can come with the amount denotive index should be quantified as far as possible, cannot come with the amount denotive index also wants to make clear. The target is to use the index that measures experimental effect, so set should have a basis, should be investigated through sufficient current situation and be obtained quite. For example: The development of a kind of new drug must master the new drug that place of understanding government sector makes to examine and approve policy and standard. Graph of associated graph, cause and effect can be used to come when formulate target of systematization announce the connection between all sorts of likelihoods, at the same time use Gantetu establishs plan timetable, can study plan certainly thereby and have effective control.
3, find out all sorts of plan and define optimal program, divisional advocate because mix key that because be the most effective,solves a problem.
Innovation is not pure the innovation product that points to creation, still can include product innovation, product to improve be modelled on with the product etc. Its process establishs hypothesis namely, go next hypothesis of test and verify, the purpose is the craft parameter with go searching the raw material that has given tie-in, good from inside a few factors that affect item characteristics collocation and craft course. However in actual condition cannot have the experimental plan that all thinking of executive, the actor after offerring all sorts of program so is chosen and deciding first-rate plan truly is more businesslike method.
The sieve singles out the optimal program of a need, statistical quality tool can produce better effect. Graph of method of orthogonal experiment design, matrix is the efficiency in undertaking much program is designed the tool method with tall, good effect.
4, make countermeasure, make a plan.
Had good plan, among them detail also cannot be ignored, how has been the content of the plan finished, move of need general plan is incorporate, one by one makes countermeasure, in answering a program clearly " 5W1H " namely: Why to enact this measure (Why) , achieve what goal (What) , carry out in where (Where) , be in charge of finishing by who (Who) , when to finish (When) , how to finish (How) . Use process is decision-making programme diagram or flow chart, the concrete executive step of plan will get decomposing.
D phase
Namely according to booked plan, standard, according to information of foregone department of inside and outside, the design gives specific action means, plan, have position. Mix according to design program again layout, have particular operation, realize the process that expects an end hard.
The design gives specific action means, plan, have position, take significant action: The design comes out the quality of the product, specific power consumption, organize information of department of inside and outside through be opposite use and handle, make design and decision-making, it is the core ability with contemporary the mainest organization. Design and decision-making level decided the organization implements power.
Countermeasure is made the person is taken after finishing the stage that phase of experiment, test and verify becomes namely. In this one phase besides be carried out by plan and plan, still must want to undertake metrical to the process, ensure the job can be carried out by plan plan. Build a data to collect at the same time, the project documentation such as the original record of gather up process and data.
C phase
Affirm whether executive plan achieved a goal namely.
Effect examination, examination test and verify, evaluate the effect: "Subordinate does the work that you check only, do not do the working "IBM that you hope before the test and verify of examination of this word general of CEO Guo Shina, importance hit the mark with a single comment that evaluates the effect.
Whether effective, target completes plan, the ability after need undertakes the effect check concludes. After having adopted the way to deal with a situation affirming, the evidence to be being collected undertakes summing up an analysis, have in finished state comparative with target cost, looked to whether achieve booked goal. When the result that if did not appear,expects, should affirm carry out countermeasure whether strictly according to the plan, if be, mean countermeasure failure, that is about to undertake optimal program is decided really afresh.
A phase
1, standardization, secure achievement. Standardization is to maintain an enterprise to administer the current situation not to glide, accumulate, the best method of precipitation experience, also be the foundation that business processing level promotes ceaselessly. Such OK saying, standardization is the motivation of business processing system, without standardization, the business won't improve, glide even.
To the has effect measure that already was proved, want to undertake standardizing, establish duty standard, so that the following carry out and popularize.
2, problem summary, handle bequeath issue. All problems are impossible in loop of a PDCA solve entirely, the problem of bequeath can turn automatically into next PDCA loop, such, go round and round, helix rises.
Treating stage is the key that PDCA circulates. Because handle level to solve existence problem namely, sum up experience and the phase that draw a lesson. The key of this phase depends on editing again standard, include technical standard and administrative system. Change without standardization and system, make PDCA loop impossibly rotational and forward.
PDCA circulates, can make our thoughtway and working measure more consecution is changed, systematization, image is changed and change scientificly. It has following characteristics:
1, big ring covers annulet, annulet to keep big ring, drive systemic circulation.
PDCA serves as the basic method of quality management circularly, apply to whole project project not only, also get used to individual of down to of the section office within whole industry and enterprise, workshop section, team and group. Various branch basis the policy target of the enterprise, the PDCA that has oneself circulates, layer upon layer loop, form big ring to cover annulet, cover again inside annulet more circlet. Big ring is the matrix of annulet and basis, decompose and assure annulet is big ring. The annulet of various branch around move the catalogue mark of the enterprise is the same as one direction to turn forward. Fluctuate the enterprise through circulating or each job of project project organic ground connection rises, each other cooperate with, promote each other.
2, ceaseless advancement, ceaseless rise.
PDCA resembles climbing stairs circularly same, movement of a loop ends, manufacturing quality can improve one condition, make next loop again next, run again, rise again, advance ceaselessly, rise ceaselessly.
3, knack type rises.
PDCA is not circularly circulate on same standard, every circulate, solve one part problem, obtain one part positive result, the job is ongoing one pace, the level progresses one pace. Every circulate through PDCA, want to undertake summing up, raise new target, undertake PDCA circulates the 2nd times again, the wheel billow that makes character is administered is forward. PDCA every loop, quality standard and processing water are average further.
