This is to be in Zhejiang to visit area of river of any of several hot spice plants of stage state city before one country island lands battle memorial hall, the cupreous carve that mirrors Zhang Aiping's general to organize direct to liberate battle of one country island " before point to " local (left it is Zhang Aiping's general statuary, photographed on January 11, 2007)
● is aimed at battle of one country island, comrade Mao Zedong makes instructions technically: "One country island is landed fight, hit very well! It is successful that my army fights jointly first. It is successful that my army fights jointly first..
● Comrade Zhang Zhen ever evaluated battle of one country island so in composing: "Liberate the victory of battle of one country island, those who make my army won island of island of edge of emancipatory short for Zhejiang Province, Fujian is important fight experience, preliminary fumbled land, sea, empty army cooperates in coordination, carry out land the basic principle that fight, powerful to building quickly modernization the process of national defence army, rose to urge action importantly. Rose to urge action importantly..
In January 1955, the Chinese People's Liberation Army land of Hua Dongjun area, sea, air force each one, to Taiwan Kuomintang army one country island undertook the Zhejiang province the eastpart part of guard cross the sea to land fight. This battle on January 18 in the morning 8 when initiate, last a period of time 10 hours, kill captive Kuomintang in all army 1086 people, warship of bombard and sink 3, wound 4. Be killed in battle of people liberation army 393 people. Battle of one country island is my army first, also be up to now unique land, sea, empty three armed services crosses the sea to land jointly fight, and still be the world the army that days of the first time on martial history starts is landed fight, by Hua Dongjun Zhang Aiping directs region chief of staff.
The Zhang Aiping's general when battle of one country island
Other land sea empty three armed services are landed fighting is initiated in the late evening, the Normandy with for instance famous period of World War II is landed.
After People's Republic of China holds water, the Kuomintang group that heads with Jiang Jieshi retreats in defeat Taiwan, its remains army is retreated to southeast coastal part islands, the purpose uses these islands to be mixed as Taiwan of surround and protect carry out counterattacking ongoing base to the mainland.
To at the beginning of 1955, taiwan Kuomintang army controls the coastal islands below, main component is two direction: One is Fujian direction, it is a center with golden gate, Mazu; One is Zhejiang direction, above, issue big Chen Dao to be a center.
Wear in plan all the time counterattack the Jiang Jieshi of the mainland, hold water " big Chen You attacks command post " , unified command all sorts of military affairs force of this area.
Hua Dongjun of the Chinese People's Liberation Army area criterion give tit for tat, according to short for Zhejiang Province east the command center that coastal Kuomintang army takes islands and defence key are big Chen Dao, and the circumstance such as the forward position foothold that one country island is protective screen big Chen Dao, the decision masses minitary force, razzia above all one country island, turn again thereafter big Chen Dao of arms attack and seize, with checkmate Kuomintang army in short for Zhejiang Province east the defense system of coastal islands.
Gao Genghao of researcher of martial academy of sciences says, one country island is main by Na Yijiang, north two islands comprise one river, the area is 1.7 square kilometer about. The Kuomintang army of guard is " headquarters of one country region " group of the group of the 4th assault of place administer, the 2nd assault squadron of the 4th assault and an artillerist squadron, in all 1000 more than person.
On January 18, 1955 8 when, in chief of staff of Hua Dongjun region unified command of Zhang Aiping falls, unit of Hua Dongjun division launched campaign of one country island.
To hit island of below one country, military strength of the powerful land that my army focussed about 10 thousand person, sea, air force --
Had entered Korea battle the 20th army 60 division 178 groups 3 dogface battalion; The 180th group battalion of a dogface; Ground artillerist a many group; Ack-ack arms 1 many groups; Bazooka arms 2 battalion; Element of eruptive arms, engineer; Naval the 6th fleet, torpedo boat, land cargo ship a light boat each 1, each model naval ships more than 180, coastal artillerist; Air force 15 groups are another squadron, naval air arm 7 groups, fight the plane is close 200.
Air force hits out above all, mix to one country island with 4 bomber group and group of 3 attack plane big Chen Dao carried out bomb the first round, drop a bomb about 120 tons. Ever since, many 200 artillery and bazooka shoot with 7 clearance and raid fire urgently 5 times, come down in torrents of island of Xiang Yijiang hill artillery shell of 12 thousand more than hair.
Carrying liberation army landing force more than 70 landing craft of 5000 much people, what make 51 battleship a light boat, opportunity for combat in more than 40 is covering below, open island of Xiang Yijiang hill vast and mightily.
13 when 30 minutes, my army carries out bomb the 2nd round to one country island again. Meanwhile, the warship also approachs off shore 3500 meters of place, the position on direct bombard island and blockhouse.
So far, one country island and Kuomintang of big Chen Dao army it is passive take a beating and be without reaction. But be in 13 when 55 minutes, artillerist of big Chen Dao is abrupt to me army landing force firings, but come back to suffer return fire namely. Very fast, defending troops of big Chen Dao stops bombard.
The liberation army inserts the red flag on big Chen Dao
14 when 20 minutes, the liberation army attacks army to be landed in one country island. In firepower of the sea, air force covering below, assault armed forces only 35 minutes with respect to race to control the highest peak in a mountain range of one country island, attack quickly to depth thereafter. To 17 when 30 minutes, greater part of the defending troops on the island by annihilate, commander Wang Shengming is shot dead, deputy commander Wang Fubi is captured, the battle ends.
"Farewell looks today in those days battle of one country island, still have far-reaching historical sense. " Gao Genghao thinks, since battle of one country island, the liberation army begins checkmate Kuomintang army incomplete ministry is in short for Zhejiang Province east the defense system of coastal islands, till liberate Zhejiang whole area.
Liberate one country island, what not only force hit beautiful Jiang to sign is collective " assist prevent " treaty, force 20 thousand much Kuomintang army withdraw automatically from island of island of my Zhejiang edge, make Jiang Jieshi loses to go back on his word to attack the gangplank of the mainland in order to undertake pirate activity and deploy, the most important is the fight condition that changed taiwan strait, preliminary the experience that gained Zhujun arm of services to fight jointly, right contemporary condition organizes my army below informatization condition especially executive combination is landed fight have a lot of enlightenment.
My army torpedo boat forms into columns
Land jointly fight, must accomplish thought of Zhujun arm of services to know unified, strengthen couplet to perform couplet example
To unite Zhujun thought of arm of services is known, short for Zhejiang Province east before point to and each army, the Party Committee of all levels of arm of services is aimed at land fight characteristic and the thinking of army is pragmatic at that time, adopt multiform, undertake to army thorough and meticulous thought education and battle arouse, develop education of revolutionary hero creed and activity of war make contributions energetically. Work through a series of thoughts, it is good to make sufficient recognize hits broad officers and men one country island lands the importance that fight. In combining drilling, army battle prevents artillerist to wear artillery on boat a light boat, in the ocean wave that rises and fall in jolt, practice hard pair of onshore targets to point gunshot skill directly. The course trains, landing force mastered generally swim, blow up, boat is crossed, the tactical technology that lands breakthrough and country depth battle. Navy attends a war below the condition of the sea area that army is making battleground region approximately and approximate actual combat, according to first the tactics after the technology, first the many arm of services after Chan Bing is planted, order that practice closes after separating practice first undertakes battle trains facing, united fight thought and tactical movement, strengthened direct in coordination. Air force command post is organized meticulously attend a war the prewar preparation of air arm army. Attack air arm bomb, by force to nod state goal to drop a bomb with rising to go up to maritime, island hit the target rate for central task, annihilate attacks air arm to strengthen training for central task with target of intercept minor rate, low altitude, fight ability had rise. On this foundation, point to before air force organized annihilate to attack, beat air arm bomb, by force in coordination maneuver. Thereafter, spread out the army to close practice with time of a month again. Through closing practice, the organization that improved to get rate body directs efficiency and integral blow ability; Land, sea, air force attends a war army had more knowledge to fighting in coordination, summary gives a few methods that cooperate with. These experience enlightenment we: Below modern war condition, each army it is indispensible that arm of services fights in coordination, it is normal, must unite Zhujun arm of services to attend a war thought understanding of the commander, lay the thought foundation that fights jointly, establish thought of a dish of chess. Should accelerate advance couplet collaboration battle to direct a system to build, promotion combines battle to direct ability. Should clingy fight the task, fight adversary, fight environment, catch systematic antagonism training greatly, catch the training below complex environment greatly, catch the training below limit conditions greatly, strategic tactics experienced essence, fight systematic practice is strong, drill law of action of get the upper hand of excellent, raise training actual combat to change a standard.
Amphibious armor troops joined to liberate battle of one country island
Land jointly fight, must pay attention to concealment camouflage, rise on land speed
Battle of one country island, plan time long, dimensions range of bigger, drag in is wide, have at any time expose fight intentional likelihood. Accordingly, attend a war army from suffer get the job, adopt all sorts of measure to concealment fight purpose. It is right on, below big Chen Dao, wrap around island of hill, one country undertakes long-term irregular bomb and bombard, puzzle effectively, paralytic the enemy, make its cannot ascertain my real intent. 2 it is to will attack the Education Foundation of army to move to wear hill peninsula to what be far from battleground area. 3 it is dogface of part of military region of constituent Zhejiang province and artillerist army to wrapping around hill island carries out battle feign to move. 4 it is land, sea, air force is in prewar all control use radio strictly. 5 was to make prevent evil closely confidential measure. Adopt afore-mentioned after all sorts of significant step, my army concealmented effectively to fight purpose, when me so executive fire of air arm, artillery prepares when, enemy thinking is general bomb and bombard, till my naval ships leaves,come forward when door hill sea faces boat of one country island to cross, I attack enemy ability ascertain one country island, received piece enemy unexpectedlying attack effect. Phase of the land on assault, short for Zhejiang Province east before point to to increase landing force on land speed, adopted " volley of 10 thousand arrows, much dot is landed at the same time " wait for a series of measure, after action of the land on assault begins, landing force with crushing the lofty quality of all enemies, precipitant, pound at a dash to disembark, break through the enemy's defence quickly. These experience enlightenment we: Below modern war condition, a large number of hi-tech scout equipment throws battlefield, concealment effectively fight purpose, come true to go up suddenly quickly land, it is the premise that captures to land conquer benefit jointly. Strengthen concealment camouflage, should make full use of landform surface features concealments, many setting false target puzzles the enemy, enemy of misdirect of clever change heat radiation, radiation protection of electromagnetism of scientific adjusting control, try fire smoke barrier is shut off etc. Rise on land speed, answer to choose correctly to basically land direction, as far as possible escape enemy basically is fought land direction; Eliminate the obstacle system of head of water border beach as far as possible, reduce landing force to launch the retention period of maritime space in tactics; Organize strong fire cover, ensure landing force to go up smoothly land.
Aid of empty medium-counts of my opportunity for combat liberates battle of one country island
Land jointly fight, must take seriously capture ahead of schedule mastery of the sky, mastery of the sea, restrict electromagnetism right
Come from November 1, 1954 on January 10, 1955, air force and naval air arm dispatch 8 times in all early or late plane 226 sortie, right big old, the islands such as one country undertakes bombard, achieve block enemy to take insular aim. Naval torpedo boat is in maritime concealment bide one's time after 13 day and night, will be in the activity on November 14 the frigate of Kuomintang navy main force with offshore northeast of one country island " peace and tranquility " date bombard and sink. Air force dispatched on January 10, 1955 plane 130 more than sortie, 4 assault big Chen Gang, bombard and sink " in authority " date tank landing boat, inflict heavy losses on " Heng Shan " date repairs naval vessel, wound " too and " date convoy chaser. Same day, army of naval torpedo boat attacks Chinese civilian Dang Jun " hole front courtyard " gunfire a light boat, morrow this a light boat is sunken. The course is successive the blow of 2 many months, people liberation army mastered battlefield make empty, mastery of the sea, kuomintang warship a light boat dare not be in by day big old berth anchor, the airlines also dare not fly face big old in the sky. Defending troops of one country island is immersed in almost isolated the condition that does not have aid. These experience enlightenment we: Below modern war condition, capture ahead of schedule mastery of the sky, mastery of the sea is attached most importance to especially should, without mastery of the sky and mastery of the sea, land fight will not carry out. Those who need ambitious shift is, make what electromagnetism counterpoises to restricting mastery of the sky and mastery of the sea directly capture, become land fight the crucial factor of get the upper hand of. Capture ahead of schedule " 3 authority " , it is block of executive sea air, close hostile sea area and corresponding airspace and maritime passageway, limit the activity of enemy sea, empty military strength, cut off enemy the connection with the outside. 2 it is to carry out integrated firepower blow, ground of utmost of do one's best is weakened enemy air battle ability, air defence ability, naval battle ability and command control ability, to capture and maintain " 3 authority " create a condition. 3 it is timely organization sky medium, sea hands in battle, weaken enemy sea, empty power, capture local make empty, control the of great capacity, restrict electromagnetism right.
Armed forces of liberation army assault to the commanding elevation of one country island 203 uplands are attacked
In addition, executive combination is landed fight, requirement commander has " not only book, do not go up only, only solid " responsibility takes on. From hit one country island first certainly, hind 3 basises that lay big Chen Dao, from land a dot to choose the outstanding ministry in horn of northwest of one country island yellow cay and sea door reef, from a few consideration that lands time to decide days, to deputy chief of the general staff from January 17 Chen Geng suggests to be initiated by original plan cross the sea to land 3 reason that fight, what can see Zhang Aiping regards generation as battle general is sagacious with be practical and realistic. He emphasizes, one country island is landed fight, must mix from our country my army sets out actually, those who create a specific requirement to fall is specific make a way. Below modern war condition, commander of a gleam of should be good at breaking free from conventions, dare to break through schoolbook, combinative ground is real the circumstance fights certainly plan, with strange get the upper hand of.
