Publish in " print of courtyard of American academy of sciences " the article says, technical ability of American undergraduate computer is ground in the round in pressing, imprint presently. Not only the student level outclass of elite university is other country; Blame tip school is same also, other country exceeds on 4 students whole greatly.
Write civil | Li Wei is amounted to
Editor | Di Li is met
Although Russia hacker fame is outer, indian friend holds company of completely beautiful science and technology to provide post high, the Chinese programmer of Silicon Valley is not little, but a research that goes out newly recently shows, the computer standard of American undergraduate just is NO.1, in and grind was being pressed, imprint of Russian the Three Kingdoms with age person!
" print of courtyard of American academy of sciences " (PNAS) this the name is " the computer science technical ability of China, India, Russia and United States " article, the conclusion that reach is: The computer capacity of American student exceeds far in imprint presently --
Not only the student level outclass of elite university is other country; Blame tip school is same also, other country exceeds on 4 students whole greatly.
This research is the assistant that learns the graduate school by Stanford campus professor Pu Laheng is special · Luo Yaer gets stuck (Prahangt Loyalka) global group of the leader finishs. The matter that does this research is: They think test and verify " American higher education is gotten more by force than other country much " whether is this one view belonged to solid.
Conclusion is very obvious, belong to completely solid.
Grind in the round pressure
Researcher discovery, between the fellow student that gets a test, computer science student of the United States estimates a value on average (Mean Estimates) in comparing, imprint Russian student is high 80% the left and right sides. Under photograph comparing, imprint in student of Russian the Three Kingdoms reckons worth difference is lesser on average, without statistical significance.
Imprint in the United States the computer technical ability of Russian Shikoku student. Numerical value is the standard deviation of opposite whole average. (graph source: PNAS)
Additional, researcher still compared the student of school of each country tip. They discover, china of prep above of average estimate value, India and Russia tip student make an appointment with the student of project of science of American top computer 80% .
In the meantime, imprint in the student that the achievement of the student of top school of Russia is not top school than homeland is a lot of higher, but the student of more average than the United States still school is low. The student of American average school is compared in imprint the student grade of top school of Russia is high 15% - 25% .
Imprint in the United States school of Russian Shikoku tip and the computer technical ability that are not top school student. Numerical value is the standard deviation of opposite whole average. (graph source: PNAS)
Researcher returns discovery, because there is a large number of notching in example,the success of American student is not tall international student. Researcher distinguishs according to the gift of tongues of international student they. In the American student of all sampling investigation, the language that the person of 89.1% says they are best has English only, because this researcher thinks,they are American native land students (not be the person that acquires American citizen identity or permanent and resident right namely) .
"The public can have kind of science that the feeling is American high quality, technology, engineering and mathematical major (abbreviation STEM is taught) the project is promoted by international student, " Luoyaerka says. "Nevertheless our data shows be not such. We considered American native land student only, but the result also holds water. But the result also holds water..
The group also watched the fractional difference of the male in example and female. In each country, the male is behaved all excel female; Among them, overall difference of China is the least, the United States is the biggest. And the average of student of female of American computer science and other the student number of school of 3 nations elite keeps balance.
How to choose examinee?
Above all, the group decided all coming from in the United States to imprint course of undergraduate students CS, devised a sampling mechanism next, pick high year from inside 4 countries (big 4) the student of computer science.
Be in China, this group from 6 representative province (which is the article did not disclose 6) each chose 6 colleges randomly (in all 36) ; India is draw-out 15 institutes, russia is draw-out 34.
Those who considered to still define each country " elite project " (Elite Programs) . In China 985 or the project of 211 schools calculates elite project. In India, indian technical institute (Indian Institute Of Technology) , institute of Indian country IT (National Institutes Of Technology) and other the project in the institute of before national university is ranked 100 is elite project. Be in Russia, the project of the university that elite project is decided to be national research university, 5-100 to plan to include and confederative university. And be in the United States, student ACT (American college entrance examination) with SAT (academic ability evaluates a test) average branch is achieved 1250 (full marks 1600) or the project in higher school is elite project.
They are random and then draw-out in imprint presently the lesser administrative unit in each sampled item (branch and class) , in choosing these units all big 4 students, included 364 678 students of China, students of India, 6847 students of 551 students of Russia and United States.
As the one part of investigation, students were accepted teach exam service center by the United States (ETS) a of development standardization computer science of two hours checks.
Is examination questions what?
The understanding degree of exam check student and the concept with scientific and relevant computer, principle and knowledge.
The domain of examination questions and scale accord with Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) learn with electric electron engineer (IEEE) the computer course of a few international standard, a particular year and in imprint presently the guideline of the computer course of each national country.
To assure to check fairness, this group provided similar incentive measure for the student above all -- can report in order to obtain an individuation about their achievement. Next, the student that did not answer at least 75% questions is sifted besides. The 3rd, to reduce the error that Semantic Differential causes as far as possible, the exam is translated into language of each country correspondence. The 4th, exam achievement undertakes comparative in each country in proportion.
The limits that takes an exam this and content (graph source: PNAS)
Cause controversy
The IEEE Spectrum of admiral class publication that learns in engineer of electronic electric equipment has a reader to oppugn the objectivity of this research on the website, because study be supported by American course and adoption test basically is aimed at American student; Additionally the fellow student that has joined a test states the title is translated often not accurate or have misdirect sex; Return somebody to think American student is very young have personal computer, and the classmate of countries of a lot of the third world just may have an opportunity to contact computer in the school, make conclusions according to so simple test only so not quite fair.
Be in the home of IT of website of domestic famous computer, the result that the reader studies to this gave out such explanation:
(the picture comes from a network)
Luo Yaer blocks the dominant personnel of this research to also think, the history that American computer science is fastened and integral computer teachs is longer, also have inside information more, compare with China or Indian photograph especially, and the United States spends the fund on every student also additionally 3 over countries, accordingly the skill difference between the United States and other country does not make a person accident actually.
Although the follow-up seminar of this group emphasizes particularly on to consider to reach illuminate why to can produce such result at more thorough ground, but additionally two members of the group -- the group leader Tara Beteille that world bank and the technology that Indian government cooperates teach project of improvement in quality, and ETS controller Lydia Liu suspects, actually American student is in university of the first sky when had compared other country prepare weller with age person. Accordingly, although once Indian student enters higher education the greatest progress may be obtained after the environment, but the United States was caused in the lead position of science and technology of computer of development of inchoate long-term investment nowadays hard the difference of exceed.
Beteille hope studies government of can incentive Shikoku considers a kind of more comprehensive education method this -- the measure that should consider computer science graduate not only, it is obtain employment opportunity even, consider their educational quality even.
(graph source: Cs.washington.edu)
" contest gentleman " the public figure that visited many home to be engaged in computer science studies and be being taught, they also gave out to be unscrambled differently to this one conclusion --
Zhang Ming of professor of college of science and technology of Beijing University information tells " contest gentleman " , computer of middle and primary school teachs instability, lack carries a design on the head, middle and primary school gives birth to use computer to be a purpose with education mostly in IT textbook, lag of teaching material content, did not exercise computational thinking of the student.
"Because IT is not course of the university entrance exam, do not suffer the attention of the school and parent, the schooltime of IT course by serious embezzlement, many informatics teachers reduce the handyman that maintains computer and network. In the meantime, unripe to middle and primary school computer is taught, teacher with engrafting knowledge is given priority to, exercises is complementary, the student lacks the thorough understanding to knowledge and application, lack joins between course and course and put in many reduplicative knowledge. " she says.
She points out, in higher education respect, than content of education idea of abroad, education and education means, the computer education of a few colleges of domestic still is in lag, inflexible condition.
"The technology of information age is updated very fast, the content that its contain is more and more extensive, and the curricular system of the college is relative lag, this makes of student learning is a few stale even antiquated content, to the profession of student future progress produced needless changeover cost. " she says.
The personage that in home famous university is engaged in one the computer studies and be being taught tells " contest gentleman " , they are 10 years before see this differentia is apart from, chinese student is essential won't these knowledge, how to also do choice title again incorrect, more do not persuade hand ability, and backward now, will bring about in the future of national competition ability backward.
Reference material
[1] Elite Chinese Computer Scientists Don't Outperform Average Americans, https://www.inverse.com/article/54133-computer-science-grads-competitiveness-by-country
[2] U.S. Students Have Achieved World Domination In Computer Science Skills, For Now, https://www.ithome.com/0/415/196.htm
