We are cosmopolitan self-identity, he is not always is to be in reason in. Our meeting mood breaks down, can indulge oneself, the meeting is lazy, meeting out of control. However these are icebergs only one horn. More fantastic behavior happens in the hour that we think we are very sensible. Sensible or not sensible, it is the problem of thinking level, can we evaluate ourselves clearly really?
Today, the book that school of the first pail of gold shares to everybody is " think, fast with slow " , the psychological classic work of this content full and accurate will take what we explore cerebrum to ponder over a mechanism, human blame reason fulfils behavior level, let us understand our more through a large number of rich test case.
The following content is " think, fast with slow " one book elite is unscrambled, altogether includes 5 fields: 1. Two systems in cerebrum 2. The psychological effect that cerebrum ponders over a mechanism to cause 3. The instinctive blemish that cerebrum ponders over a mechanism to bring 4. A few methods that answer instinctive blemish 5. Two ego
Two systems in 1. cerebra
{! - - PGC_COLUMN- - }In our cerebra, existence wears two to consider hold together interconnected system, daniel · Ka Niman name them the system 1 (fast think) with the system 2 (slow think) .
System the 1 automatic responses mode that resembles cerebrum, meet what summarize countless subliminal response according to experience of life cover a region, make the life simplifies, system 2 receive a system of 1 after appealing, distribute the attention of cerebrum the system on the 1 difficult problem that encounter, center spirit to handle this issue. Notable is, system of 2 all running need to focus attention, once attention is dispersive, run also can interrupt subsequently.
If above paragraphs place is narrated, we know, make when some type thing system 1 unconscious circle, violated a system 1 familiar pattern, system 2 meetings are activationed. This tells us: System 2 it is very lazy, it won't intervene actively normally system the job of 1, unless system 1 give out appeal.
What these bring about us to make is very much decision-making it is to depend on a system actually the instinctive response of 1, is not course system the rational analysis of 2 and calculative -- but to this bit, we even utterly ignorant.
2. cerebra ponders over the psychological effect that the mechanism causes
As a result of the system 1 with the system of 2 this kind runs mode, bring about us to intuition goes and often do not know oneself accordingly, psychologist people be not reason for these decision-making and infatuate, after passing much experimentation to consider, they discovered a lot of build the interesting phenomenon on instinctive thinking:
Biting a pencil with the mouth when you for instance, you do not know you are facial submit riant form, but the condition of this kind of smile, can start you " glad " feeling, namely we often say, because laughed ability is so happy.
Pair of behavior and this kind of affection are imperceptible an appearance that is started by his content, start effect namely. Notable is, the effect that start is very common, it is you even when realizing completely, was started by the thing with what ordinary fine long hair.
3. cerebra ponders over the instinctive blemish that the mechanism brings
Inspire a law to basically show the 1 meeting when encountering a few complex difficult problem uses the system automatically another simple question will replace the difficult problem before, make the solution of pair of simple questions next, should become its the key of that complex issue directly.
This inspired the problem of train of thought of your answering question that among them, also be called to inspire sexual problem.
For example " is he a good person? " so complex issue, over there the person that arrived to be quized, can be you replaced " is he good to me? " such problem. Inspire a law to be able to be in instinctive blemish " open Zong Li to send " effect, by the psychological phenomenon without number that it causes, the rough thinking that can see lower part guides the graph understands, read a book please in detail.
Foreground theory:
Problem 1: Can you choose the following option which?
A. Affirmative meeting gets 900 yuan
B. The possibility that has 90% gets 1000 yuan
Problem 2: Can you choose the following option which?
A. Affirmative meeting loss 900 yuan
B. The possibility that has 90% loss 1000 yuan
Most person is in problem 1 in can choose A, and in the problem 2 in can choose B. Daniel · Ka Niman did a large number of similar tests to study this one phenomenon, reach affect the factor with decision-making people among them, his summary gave foreground theory finally:
① decides effect: Mix in certain earnings " bet " between, people often can choose certain earnings.
② reflexes effect: Become estranged in affirmatory caustic " bet " between, people often can choose " bet " .
③ loss detests: People is more sensitive than wanting to obtaining to the loss much.
④ possibility effect and determinism effect
It is 0~5% when the probability of a thing happening (small probability) , we often are met excessive the risk that takes this seriously to happen unlikely, the likelihood that produces low probability result by exorbitant balance, this is possibility effect.
It is 95%~100% when the probability of a thing happening (big probability) , the hope that we can magnify it comes true indefinitely, and oversight 95% included imports -- the possibility that has 5% won't happen, this is determinism effect.
These two effect often make people overmeasure or underestimate a risk, miss opportunity or blind adventure thereby.
4. answers a few methods of instinctive blemish
Advanced two parts, we introduced a lot of meetings to produce the psychological effect of the influence to us, they are the matter that we often make the sexual behavior that be not manage unconsciously. Know them, the existence that understands them, it is the first situation that we overcome them. For this, we summed up a detailed account of current decision-making check nucleus from inside the book: Pursue as follows
Two each of 5. I
This part includes 3 board piece: Peak eventually ≠ of ego of decision-making effectiveness of ≠ of effectiveness of mensurable, experience, experience remembers ego
6. summary
Daniel · Ka Niman is fast to what think with slow, did from psychology elaborate, aim to help people draw the experience lesson of other, on the road that struggles in oneself, the society is vigilant those instinctive prejudice, analyse a problem can more rationally, the person that become a more marvellous reflection.
