The theme that nobody drive, origin is long already. Seek the automation operation of the machine, it is the theme with the mankind and interactive machine all the time. At the beginning of 20 centuries, after technology of remote control of human control radio, the concept that nobody drive begins to appear in historical endless flow, for example England made first 1917 nobody drive plane, in the United States Manhadu appeared 1925 first remote control drives car. 1990 around, germany is confederative university of national defence army uses a vision to analyse a technology, drive automatically highest speed per hour reached car 96 kilometers. Suffer sensor of be confined to, integrated circuit, algorithm to wait however, drive automatically car research and development did not gain revolutionary headway.
Advanced research plans the American national defence that tries in this road all the time bureau (DARPA) , in investment gigantic endowment not after fruit, have the aid of at civilian contest, eventually Hua Kaizheng fruit.
The army does adventitious
American DARPA is the orgnaization of innovation of science and technology that American department of defense leads directly, do not belong to any army services, have " mad scientist base camp " wait for a variety of titles, with " irrelevant " conception and famed. Plane of body of concealed of the GPS of its research and development, Internet, goatsucker and global eagle do not have man-machine to waited to change army not only fight means, affected current social pattern deeply also.
And drive in nobody domain, DARPA starts early. Be in early 1966, DARPA begins to develop to drive automatically through aiding financially Stanford institute car, invest 40 years to exceed 2 billion dollar at least continuously. 1983, DARPA started a name to be " strategic computation is initiated " the computer considers to plan, studying one of content is " own and terrestrial car " (ALV) project: This is the first uses destination face with Yu Jun project of research of unmanned system technology.
1990, DARPA implemented DEMO 2 and project of car of 3 unmanned grounds, among them the target of DEMO 2 is implementation the place below cross-country condition is bit righter drive automatically, use famous " bold horse " the car regards test and verify as carrier. Equiping stereo and black and white camera, color camera, before after inspecting infra-red radar, in the ground the shop installs road surface top speed to achieve 70 kilometers. DEMO 3 project criterion research and development appropriative car of unmanned ground test and verify. The car weighs 1.5 tons or so, full-time 4 drive, deserved to install 77GHz radar to wait, outdoors environment leaves highest speed per hour 35 kilometers. 2001 money year, DEMO 3 project changes army from DARPA, do not have a message from now on.
As inbreaked 2001 Afghanistan, the U.S. Army entered more than 10 years fear warlike period instead. Fight in the process, adversary often can use rocket launcher of relatively pallet roadside bomb, RPG to hit U.S. Army ground to carry car, caused an U.S. Army a large number of casualty, this was brought about drive to nobody the huge demand of car. At the beginning of 20 centuries, congress has a hope to the army even: To 2015 when, the military vehicle of 1/3 should come true to drive automatically.
However the project that nobody drive, all the time sink backwater not the situation before, DARPA was immersed in awkward situation.
The contest gives an ingenious military move
Before 2001, DARPA is experiencing nobody to drive the affliction that cannot break through. Below unifinication of industry of national defence military affairs, a large number of funds gave industry of national defence science and technology the group. But the breakthrough that should achieve unmanned road-sense inside system of American department of defense, it is to overflow long way to cannot see a side it seems that.
What the director holds the post of when is special a twenty-five-stringed plucked instrument is to experienced this to plant certainly this kind is acedia. Special a twenty-five-stringed plucked instrument decides additional monarch paths, jump out army system, chose to be opened to social folk, launch contest of large award of unmanned ground car, call the civilian battalion company with the professor of line space of those day horse and sufficient funds of research and development.
In March 2004, DARPA held the Sunday run that the whole world faces true and cross-country environment first times to drive automatically car challenge, ask 10 hours inside automatic travel 228 kilometers, the first famous general acquires stake of 1 million dollar. Civilian accord positive response, enthusiasm signing up is head and shoulders above the expectation of DARPA, 100 many await the person that choose to sign up in succession. Some person mortgages even to play the game house property.
However, feelings of the masses is rising, bring accident lose however. In the final March 13, run without a car complete Cheng, is travel apart from the longest Carnegie? Of plum grand university " desert storm " also open a trifling to be less than 12 kilometers to develop a driveway to be immersed in lair only. Have no alternative, the director of the person of the same trade that build a car can climb next car only, take helicopter to fly to terminus, tell raise one's head and look with the reporter that long for: The match ends, the contest fails.
The director did not lose heart, left larger stake instead. On unsuccessful score, he announces the coming year continues, match amount will promote 2 million dollar 2005.
Below the temptation of bonus of high specified number, 2005 contest, DARPA received near 200 application forms, finally 20 cars enter finals. In finals, of the Stanford college group that is not valued by the outside " Stanley " the car is in German special dragon teachs guide fall to lose laurel in order to be close to achievement of 7 hours. So good achievement, your the department of defense and whole industry till boiling.
But, the 2nd except. Qu Ju second Carnegie? Plum grand university is grouchy. Annals blocks Neijimeilong in what must benefit overcomes the controller of college group to distress extremely especially. Come a few years the robot that he is Dai Guanghuan of completely beautiful can be counted on one's fingers, head gets bellwether, the Navlab project that he once participated in is the first batch of exploration of American drive automatically the robot expert of the car. Regard domain of American computer technology as the celebrity, to play the game, funds of bad news of this school place is early already prep above 2 million dollar. More important is, special dragon professor is just from his at hand, "Flee " to Stanford university. big to this expert, want to settle the grievance of personal sincere feeling, "Avenge " still need to continue to await.
From the point of historical eye, the match 2005, automatic road-sense had arrived at breathtaking critical point. Although the head is completely annihilated one year, but this year 5 cars pass score. A year in, drive automatically car technology, obtained the development of blowout type. Be in actually 2004, no matter be algorithm or sensor,competition of relatively large award has matured quite, just everybody does not have the experience in the travel in real environment. Through the development of summary of a year and technology, match of the 2nd year is comfortable meet meantime, the deadlock that before was being changed thoroughly, nobody drive.
The enterprise receives a baton
Passed two years, DARPA is drive automatically car, burn a fire again, held 2007 urban challenge. Before be different from two times the match basically faces cross-country environment, the car is faced with in urban environment lieutenant general more trends and complex environment, raised more slashing requirement to the own capability of car. Because this kind of environment also is civil and automatic,drive the environment that the car basically works, because this drew more wide attention, gu Ge, Microsoft and the high-tech company such as the apple also show up in succession look around. This match asks to be in simulative city environment travel 96 kilometers, car needs to abide by California to hand in compasses, can be in sail without GPS circumstance be issued to lower levels, can be in pluvial snow environment travel, and need avoids to wait with other vehicle, pedestrian, telegraph pole produce collision to wait.
This match, not just the focus that cycle racing is attention, the dispute of individual hero creed is similar afford for thought. Carnegie? Group collaboration obtains the Xue Folan of plum grand university and general motors the first, and Stanford university and people group are obtained the 2nd, work college and Ford group obtain Fujiniyali the 3rd, win money award of 1 million dollar. Benefit overcomes a professor to achieve what one wishes eventually especially, one snow " before hate " . Between the top class professor of this kind of top class university relatively interest and contend for grab, promoted technical development greatly.
Such match, aroused university and the enthusiasm that produce industry adequately. This is the expectation of Director DARPA. The university adds plant of traditional and civil car, it is to take part in the match the type of main compose set prescription of the group. 2005 champion " Stanley " be development of university of You Sitan blessing and people group combination. University and car plant and take a strong point, the university is good at informatization technology, devise algorithm and control plan, purchase sensor; And car plant offers car and wait for sensor, computer to wait for component photograph confluence with engine, brake, transmission. The victory of 2005, to masses car character, it is excellent advertisement opportunity. Actually, besides the masses, kelaisile, general waited to all participate in DARPA large award to surpass with academia collaboration with eulogize.
Through large award contest arouses whole society passion, education drives automatically automobile industry, step of DARPA it may be said is fast. DARPA is annual 3 billion dollar controls scientific research funds, project 200 fluctuation, average every project 15 million yuan. If be the project that creates archetypal opportunity, every project wants on 100 million dollars. And large award surpasses a project not only have millions of dollars only, still can bring whole society into play to be participated in jointly, comprehensive collect drives automatically the advanced technique of car domain.
After urban challenge ends, director DARPA expresses: Won't have the competition again later, the mission of DARPA has been finished, be about to see the strength of capital next.
Yes, gu Ge's person been takinging money to come.
Afterflame flames of war
Lively have all the time, way to do sth looks different. The author of cereal song company Ravi? Admire surprises to surpass interest to the large award of DARPA all the time very thick, taking peaked cap to be in 2005 the spot " secretly " watch the game, inspect each ace that take part in the match. This peeks, admire is strange had a great gains. He discovered a super talent: Professor of the champion gainer that the 2nd times large award surpasses, Stanford is special dragon. This Germany life 1967, be interested in the car very much as a child and the computer program that oneself wrote cycle racing.
Special Long Ye is paying close attention to nobody to drive contest, 2004 challenge of the first DARPA horse of sift of each ace confused, let special the perception that dragon sought quickly to write cycle racing program in one's childhood. Special unexpected soil fertility presses dragon Kaneijimeilong the group of the university, won the championship of the 2nd match, gained 2 million dollar. Automatic car drives most one of core skill, it is navigation: And this is special the special skill of dragon. In two top class universities, special the research that dragon participated map compose to build a technology, this traceable last centuries institute of 60 time Stanford: This technology is an engineer what prepare for first mobile robot. Special dragon refineds it cultivated land application is driving automatically above the car.
Special the technical talent of dragon and the admire that organize ability to let spot view and emulate surprise to shine at the moment, be in 2005 after the match special dragon dug Gu Ge, use drive automatically the sensor technology of car started project of Gu Ge vista. It in the public eye, with cereal song map and vista project, concealed the secret of day of a Jing: Develop nobody to drive!
During this, the preparation of countless detail and technology are adjusted. After DARPA city challenge 2009, driving automatically career and Gu Ge are rich and generous of salary attract below, numerous take part in the match the player joins Gu Ge in succession, around special Long Qi is moved held water to drive automatically car project, formed drive automatically the seminal talent of car domain.
After the project holds water, gu Ge is right special dragon group raised slashing requirement, the immanent California that is in 2 years namely is the most complex 10 road each travel 160 kilometers. Funds safeguard nature is very enough. 2011, special dragon group shifts to an earlier date 3 months fulfilled a requirement. In May 2012, nevada issued on American history first to drive automatically to cereal song company car license. June, gu Ge had fighting spirit of general of 6 abundant cropland this, of Ao Di and 3 Leikesasi drive automatically test motorcade, rolled out FireFly to drive automatically 2014 archetypal car, this car has had steering wheel and accelerator stop a car no longer.
Dandelion legend
Mention in front, the 2nd times DARPA large award is surpassed, already adumbrative drive automatically the car will pull open the big screen that commercializes development quickly. Arrived 3 years after challenge end, acute of cereal song general this had exceeded DARPA challenge far with the car. It duplicated a lot of DARPA are primitive technology, and elaborate burnish. Gu Ge is giant admittedly, but it is the giant that walks on giant shoulder: This is American the army and the people change inside unripe logic.
Although Gu Ge drives automatically,the car develops industry to precede, but also hide harships. In the group that this establishs by young technique talent only, some people should not because of the concept, because one night is cruel,have some of person rich, some people think he establish a company, choose to leave Gu Ge to work alone in succession. The departure of these people, resemble the seed of dandelion, scatter in each district to continue to be engaged in driving automatically business, created drive automatically the prosperous Cheng Jing of the car.
2016, special dragon group is disbanded thoroughly. After leaving Gu Ge, special the admire class that dragon established famous is online educational website Udacity, established eaglet not to have man-machine company later.
Want to have appropriate weather only, the world is the seed of dandelion everywhere, as in those days the legend with initiative Silicon Valley is same. Teach the benefit that be like a gram to leave from the Stanford university that invents diode " 8 big traitorous " child, with one action established Silicon Valley the situation now. Once the technology is broken bureau, commercialize overwhelm. In those days the benefit is like a gram of be furious, still approbated celestial being child finally these are prentice people achievement. And the Gu Ge that lost so much technology to blame ability, can enter likewise brand-new orbit.
The technology innovates block a switch to had been finished, professionalism manager will receive bedlamite of good family academia. Gu Ge around drive automatically the Waymo company that the car establishs, before inviting those who have rich car to manage experience, CEO of company of contemporary North America is entered advocate CEO, advance triumphantly all the way. 2017, by the Waymo of the L4 grade that Kelaisile changes his costume or dress nobody drive the car develops a test on road; Started the first each of complete beauty to move in May 2018 drive car calls car business service Waymo One, will begin to undertake the car calls a car to serve pilot job driving automatically in December, those who become the first to begin to realize battalion to close is automatic drive enterprise.
During this, appeared Aurora and ArgoAI numerous specialize in drive automatically the company of the car, the plant of blame tradition car such as tesla and actor pace also threw capital of a huge sum to have research and development, and the traditional car plant such as general motors, BMW also announces to will take the place of 2020 in succession piece roll out respective drive automatically car. And the company such as world of Cisco, rich, Ying Weida is studying laser sensor drive automatically the technology of car assembly grade, do one's best makes this kind of new-style car cheaper, safer.
The world overall situation, be suddenly enlightened.
And DARPA cares the problem that nobody drive no longer already, the problem has been solved, it is starting brand-new limit to challenge.
Small write down
The development that unmanned car drives, it is a your person the innovation with dazzling, whole the story of a play or opera brief history. From army research and development, arrive to be commercialized finally, it is clear that occasion is explained, the technology has sex adept, get sth done without any letup. This among them, presented the hour that a galaxy twinkles, was full of the photo of individual hero creed: The controller of American army project with open eye shot, flaunt one's superiority the company bellwether of emulative college professor and decisive innovation, give a person impressive.
The technology of toddle of Shan of a Shan, how can take commercial market successfully. The in advance like the blue angel that has the military already is devoted, there is the technical add boat of university courtyard place among, what there is commercial tycoon after is timely intervene. The technology that drives automatically, enlist to just begin, after many receive a baton, final generosity flows into civil market, make glaring commercial mark.
