Once danger big project produces risk, affect range is wide, lash-up processing is difficult, casualties impact is big. To prevent accident of occurrence safety of danger big project, construction company must want to have enough understanding and answer measure.
Danger big project is necessary " lash-up handles notebook " on line, construction " mine field " avoid _1 opportunely
Know one: Branch divides a project safety to manage an error
Danger big project involves range wide, influence rate is late, superintendency work of its safety quality should be construction company the grand opera in all and secure job. But in management of actual safe production, a few enterprises pay close attention to only base the project of tunnel project, concrete pattern plate that prop up, bearing project of the system that prop up, remove installation of heavy hoisting project, lifting appliance to disassemble project of project, scaffold of steel tube of be born type and adherent type rise fall the common project such as scaffold project. Put the emphasis of attention in the programme of construction to whether pass check exam to close through expert argumentation or relevant equipment, and the superintendency that ignores particular executive procedure, more negligence project each construction projects of each phase.
A few enterprises are put in system and management really two skins, the system is not carried out reach the designated position, not not seasonable, complete, management can discuss, can prepare, can make up a deficiency. These circumstances are in the branch with dangerous bigger sex distinguishs a project have in safety administration hard beforehand the safe hidden trouble of appraise, the future of the life safety of the member that such understanding error can affect construction person and enterprise develops.
Know 2: Cannot ignore any safe hidden danger
Since this year, countrywide happening crosses relatively serious safe accident a few cases, big project of type and danger has relatively close relationship. According to living net of the official that build a department shows, advanced before long on April 2, home of Na Kang town of city of state of Jiangxi province another name for Jiangxi Province and courtyard project produce altitude to fall accident, die 2 people.
In fact, the accident mixes the cave in that besides dangerous sex bigger branch divides a project to cause the accident such as a serious harm, the branch with dangerous bigger sex divides an other harm that the project causes, if altitude falls, object blow, mechanical harm, get an electric shock, car harm, toxic wait with asphyxial, fire and harm of explosive etc type, same meeting causes serious casualties consequence.
2018, the whole nation produces a building in all safety of municipal project production is bigger reach above accident 22 cases, death 87 people, with go up year of photograph comparing, the number since the accident decreases 1 case, drop 4.3% , dead number reduces 3 people, drop 3.3% . 15 area happening of countrywide are bigger reach above accident. Among them, guangdong produces grave accident 1 case, death 12 people, bigger accident 2, 7 people of dead; Anhui produces bigger accident 2 cases, 10 people of dead; Shandong produces bigger accident 2 cases, 9 people of dead; Shanghai, Guangxi, Guizhou produces bigger accident 2 cases each, 6 people of dead; Jiangxi, Henan, Hainan, Ningxia produces bigger accident 1 case each, 4 people of dead; Tianjin, Heibei, Hubei, Sichuan, Shaanxi produces bigger accident 1 case each, 3 people of dead.
Danger big project is necessary " lash-up handles notebook " on line, construction " mine field " avoid _2 opportunely
Danger big project is necessary " lash-up handles notebook " on line, construction " mine field " avoid _3 opportunely
Base tunnel project measure
Base common problem includes tunnel project base hole system displacement crosses big, cave in, hole bottom apophysis, emerge earth, palisade structure blemish, problem of circumjacent building craze, inhomogenous heavy demote, because this should have made the following step.
(1) special the programme of construction undertakes timbering of basis radical hole and excavate of cubic meter of earth excavate of cubic meter of earth, according to " spatio-temporal effect " theory coachs excavation is propped up, the requirement is accomplished " statified, cent piece, symmetrical, balance, in a limited time " excavate. Control ply of excavate of every cubic meter of earth not to exceed 2.5m, use much stage to dig equipment from all around to intermediate excavate. Accord with to the greastest extent base the design train of thought that hole palisade designs, assure to prop up operating mode of the system getting power.
(2) strengthen base hole periphery ground bright catchment, take effective measures to prevent ground water to invade base hole.
(3) come when excavate of cubic meter of earth when hole bottom, in 20m of hole bottom every other, the setting sedimentations observation dot, the member that plan construction everyday has observation twice to this observation dot, hole bottom apophysis sedimentations the early-warning value of observation is 10mm/ second, if exceed cautionary value 3 times continuously, answer to report project ministry in time, take corresponding step.
(4) ensure the construction quality of heavy curtain of shut-off of water, basically control the quality of cement agitate picket namely, of agitate picket build receive must accord with design requirement, cold contact avoids as far as possible in construction process, the quantity of cement mix into of agitate picket and water ash ask than must according with a design, the grout of infuse must mix is even, high-pressured jet is adopted to undertake the cement inside aperture turns over agitate after filtering, make picket of cement earth agitate achieves sufficient agitate before coagulating first, cement and earth are blended adequately, ensure the cement dosage of every picket.
(5) after be being proved by the expert base hole timbering and construction of the programme of construction of excavate of cubic meter of earth, assure to prop up systematic construction quality, strengthen base hole is monitored, avoid base hole appears exceed early-warning to be worth a phenomenon. The building tilts all round alert is worth 1 ％ , value of early-warning of building settling speed achieves 5mm/d, accumulative total total settling amount amounts to 30mm.
Measure of pattern plate project
Common problem includes pattern plate project axes displacement, juncture is lax, elevation deviation, the structure is out of shape, agent of drawing of patterns is used undeserved wait for a problem, because this should have made the following step.
(1) pattern plate axes is measured when putting, should avoid to produce an error as far as possible, and measure the beard after putting to organize person specially assigned for a task to undertake technical check is checked and accept,
(2) when construction, answer to reach elevator well to undertake elevation locates in 4 of the building large part, use laser to hang down when each construction accurate instrument makes the reference point that measures lower level floor up.
(3) level, vertical stroke should be pulled when raising a standard to open a line, set vertical stroke to verticality control line, with avoiding building axes position and column, wall real position produces deflection.
(4) answer to control pattern plate moisture content strictly when the pattern plate that make, and bridge, column hands over place to prop up want firm, make sure pattern plate flat-fell seam is close, without space, leakage oar problem appears when be being built with avoiding to be irrigated in concrete.
(5) should have done in joining together position when construction stop oar measure, use bubble double-faced glue, fill up its pattern plate between, do not have in order to make sure pattern plate joining together is accomplished seam, close together, firm.
(6) irrigate when building concrete, should water ahead of schedule in order to make sure wooden pattern plate is wet, avoid to its bilge in follow-up project and bring about concrete surface occurrence beehive, even the phenomenon such as muscle of hole, dew.
(7) every building establishs enough elevation reference point, vertical stroke must do make level to ministry of pattern plate root, coping sets level number, press mark construction strictly.
(8) building floor level is controlled by 0 elevation of first ± , forbidden chase a layer to be brought up measure, in order to avoid accumulative total error, when the building exceeds 30m highly, answer to set elevation control line additionally, every elevation is brought measure a dot to answer not less than 2, so that check.
(9) bury beforehand reach obligate hole, answer to contrast with blueprint before installation, affirm without by accident hind accurate and fixed designing locally, concrete is irrigated when building, should along its all round statified and even irrigate build.
(10) Lv of the take an examination when stair footfall pattern plate is installed decorates a ply.
(11) pattern plate and bracket should have enough stiffness, and pattern plate construction wants reasonable, in case because of pattern plate each lever between be out of shape differ and cause craze, produce concrete break.
(12) the upside of bridge pattern plate and wall pattern plate all must be set fill a head temporarily, in order to make sure width of able to read aloud fluently of the bridge when concrete beat, wall is consistent.
(13) proper setting answers to sedimentation when construction seam, restrict adjustable seam span, set range with avoiding to exceed, bigger break arises in concrete structure, affect follow-up construction.
(14) the bequeath concrete that brushs Ying Zaiqing of agent of drawing of patterns to go up except pattern plate undertakes again after incomplete oar, taboo answers to abandon engine oil to regard drawing of patterns as the agent in the meantime, should choose the chemical goods such as black fluid, French chalk, limewater to regard drawing of patterns as the agent.
(15) although agent of pattern plate drawing of patterns besmears brush convenient, but easy cause pollution. Accordingly, besmear in brushing a process, should make sure its besmear is brushed even, and the place receiving stubble that must not pollute reinforcing steel bar and concrete.
(16) means can use the Tu Bu of agent of drawing of patterns brush Tu Huo spray, but every all should not be too thick, and should be in the first to have not be over before complete solidify as soon as possible daub the 2nd, in order to make both between union is good, avoid thereby because of rock-bottom solidify time grows too and generation flakes desquamate phenomenon.
Measure of tower crane project
Common accident
(1) fundamental ground endurance does not accord with tower crane to set a requirement, do not adopt pile or perfusion picket measure blind construction, the foundation after bringing about tower crane to install sedimentations range is big, verticality tilts to exceed a standard and produce an accident.
(2) fundamental reinforcing steel bar is in short supply or concrete is irrigated build not close-grained reach concrete strength grade is insufficient, intensity is less than and installation tower crane brings about an accident to happen.
(3) need because of engineering construction, tower crane adds wall interval to not agree with add up to normative requirement, stay bar train in excess specified length. Quality is used not to accord with the bad material of national level to make without special program and computation or stay bar in exercise process. Solder when exercise, solder of welding line empty, false solder, bite the flesh to bring about welding line is torn off or lever break off and produce an accident.
(4) when trice weighing arm, a string of 1 the dot forbids, mistake of condole rope choice causes crane arm lopsided, make a string of 1 the rope breaks away from hook to cause object the ground casualty accidents.
(5) wire rope binds ligature method incorrect, cause in process of pull rod of transfer to a lower level wire rope hangs pull rod join to sell, the action pull rod as a result of gravity suddenly weightlessness assured source, cause tower crane amplitude bigger cause collapse accident.
(6) when installing tower cap or counter-jib, crane did not go up to become warped or cause an accident according to the regulation.
(7) lax case according to dismantle outfit program, disassemble especially when deserving to weigh, tear open crane arm first, hind tear open after deserving to cause tower crane heart again, move and capsize.
(8) tower crane is carried, in tearing open outfit process, because did not undertake those who reach cat head defending effectively put the position to limiter of Gong Ban moment of force,forbid truly, or other member is opposite of pitching moment limiter oppressive create its be no longer in force, or because violate the reason such as compasses operation and neglect, cause accident of structure of limiter of moment of force of Gong Ban type to be out of shape, bring about ejector pin and switch to touch a different heart, ejector pin cannot switch of lay a finger on makes switch movement, bring about invalidation of pitching moment limiter finally.
Be on guard measure
(1) fundamental reinforcing steel bar asks strictly according to the manual, must not increase at will or reduce. Irrigate when building, use not under C30 grade concrete, irrigate it is good that after building an end, store water conserve wants to do try pressure piece (7d and 28d two groups) , had done sedimentation observation dot, wait for try press concrete strength to achieve 95% above to have installation for complete set of engine again. Observation should have to tower crane verticality regularly after installation and record.
(2) train in excess specified length adds a wall to suffer force to want to manufacturer design or unit technology engineer undertake superior of checking computations deliver is in charge of a part to examine and approve, use GB raw material to make. Soldering the professional solderer that hold card should be sent to have operation in the process, welding line should ask strictly to undertake soldering according to the plan that add a wall.
(3) disassemble ministry of crane arm root and tower transfer what diametical 12.5mm wire rope or diametical 25mm should use before the join horizontal stroke of the section is sold is big stringy general tower and locking of antebrachium root ministry, after crane arm breaks away from tower smoothly, ability takes wire rope or big rope puts down crane arm (counter-jib is same) . When aing string of 1 since, a string of 1 dot span L should satisfy: 15m of ≤ of 8m ≤ L, wire rope included angle is not more than 90 ° commonly, the put in a fur lining that good crane arm and counter-jib make fall in balance position when installation chooses the place and make permanent level place (luffing car locking makes good place indicate in root ministry) a string of 1 strictly perhaps according to the manual dot.
(4) wire rope uses diametical 22.5mm to grow 9~11m commonly " trot along on horseback " tie string, so that the wire rope when pull rod transfer to a lower level can arrange pull rod,join sells nature to glide to provide the place.
(5) demolish match weigh and must want to use bolt first before crane arm counter-jib or bearing pin general slewing ring and standard section connection are rear can have operation. Demolishing the situation that deserves to weigh to fall, forbidden remove crane arm. Ask strictly to stay to deserve to weigh accordingly together according to the manual, counterbalance arm forbids after additionally crane arm disassembles impending pass the night.
(6) the journey switch of tower type crane also is all in all likewise, accordingly, undertake be debugginged reasonably to journey switch, can appear in tower type crane when be not regular job, undertake in time protective.
(7) the waterproof properties of the switch position of pitching moment limiter is very usually poor, accordingly, want to undertake reasonable waterproof protection to switch after normal installation is finished, assure switch to work in dry, clean environment thereby, increase the security of tower type crane thereby.
Danger big project is necessary " lash-up handles notebook " on line, construction " mine field " avoid _4 opportunely
Scaffold project measure
Build establish a point
(1) deviation of verticality establishing lever must not be more than a tall 1/200, and establish lever top to answer 1.5m of dome of tower above fabric, in the meantime, connect establishing lever is divided can use in top layer build outside receiving, each connect must adopt the others to be buckled to receiving.
(2) scaffold bottom must be installed vertical, transverse sweep the floor lever, among them fore-and-aft sweep the floor lever application is buckled squarely secure in be apart from those who fill up iron piece surface to be in at 200mm not quite to establish lever to go up, transverse sweep the floor lever application is buckled squarely fixed tightening lean fore-and-aft sweep the floor of lever lower part establish lever to go up.
(3) big rail should under locate small rail, in inside establishing lever, use right angle to buckle with clasp establishing lever, big rail length is unfavorable be less than 3 cross, do not be less than 6m.
(4) join the every other in setting one wear outside the layer should undertake in time with the structure firm help a tie, take the security in setting a process in order to assure, should follow build along with corrective lever verticality and horizontal deviation, screw moderately buckle.
(5) the contact that scissors maintains can be used except top layer build outside receiving, each connect all must use the others to buckle a join to receiving, at the same time scissors maintains application to rotate buckle fixed in the small rail that intersects to it reach end or establish lever to go up, rotate buckle a central line to be apart from advocate the distance of node should not be more than 150mm.
Demolish a point
(1) scaffold is demolished must by go up and next chasing the layer undertakes, forbidden fluctuation works at the same time, and even the wall ought to chase a layer to demolish along with scaffold, forbidden will connect a wall first rectify a layer or scaffold is torn open again after number layer is demolished.
(2) the power supply cord around should be demolished first when demolishing scaffold, if underground has,grant to bury power supply cord to should do good safeguard, forbidden in next buckling is cast all round power supply cord, steel tube.
(3) demolish establish lever (6m norms is long) must undertake by 2 people, advocate of limits of the 30cm below horizontal lever establish lever, prohibit single person is demolished, and the requirement is finished before step pitch of on one smooth bridge is demolished demolish, the operation is undeserved and apt cause headroom to fall (include person and thing) .
(4) big rail, scissors is maintained, diagonal brace should tear open intermediate butt joint to buckle first, hold in the palm among solve germinant head to buckle again; In the meantime, scissors is maintained, diagonal brace can be being demolished only demolish on the layer, must not demolish entirely, good safety belt must be fastened when demolishing scissors to maintain, and collaboration of two people above is demolished.
(5) even the wall must not demolish ahead of schedule, in chase a layer to be demolished even the wall when place, just can demolish, the wall is connected in last before demolishing, should preexistence establishs the setting on lever to cast after maintaining, undertake, demolish medium stability with assuring to establish lever.
Danger big project is necessary " lash-up handles notebook " on line, construction " mine field " avoid _5 opportunely
Remove project measure
(1) multilayer the brick mixes structural building to demolish, should from above to below chases a layer to demolish, must not count a layer at the same time across is demolished; Should chase remove structural member, first board, bridge, back wall, column; Outside dividing bungalow, must not use commonly push (pull) the means that removes.
(2) the important safeguard that project inspect manage is safe production, execute pair of buildings to demolish by station type inspect manages, cogent strengthen the safety to demolishing the spot to superintend, seasonable discovery, eliminate safe hidden danger.
(3) demolish plan to reach demolish simplification of avoid by all means of technical tell sb one's real intentions, formalization. Outside demolishing plan to explain except the character, still with respect to the blueprint with necessary scale, indicate demolish method and dismantle a program; Fulfil pursue system of tell sb one's real intentions of technology of class, item-by-item; Demolish a process to must have director of technical personnel spot.
(4) in demolishing a process, treat constant of the floor that tear open, incomplete to break a wall, must adopt prop up reliably, the consolidate safety precaution such as timbering, prevent collapse.
(5) the building in demolishing a process, the effect that suffers climate and environment is bigger, reason must take seriously highly, be on guard, the safe accident that eliminates to be caused from this.
(6) the building demolishs beard attend to to reach safety to circumjacent environment. Before demolishing, construction unit answers the building that be torn open and the safe environment all round to undertake assessment, demolish safety should be set to defend the net is mixed all round the building defend canopy, the building that be demolished should whole rise to the sky, demolish the spot to answer region of delimit danger danger zone, install clear caution sign, send person specially assigned for a task to guard. In the dweller near thoroughfare of concentrated dot, traffic, scaffold must use whole sealing palisade, build fortify to protect segregation canopy.
Subterranean project measure
Common accident includes subterranean project measure normally the following reason: Because the timbering after channel excavate is not seasonable, of channel coping " floatstone " fall and arise; As a result of channel mouth of a cave paragraph measure of the technology when construction is not proper, enter a hole blindly, cause channel mouth cave in and coast of body of upper part rock to wait; Because channel country rock is soft broken, did not do good temporarily the design requirement of timbering; Because geological exploration is not accurate, country rock function is variational bring about construction to be versed in the law has discrepancy greatly, lash-up measure causes channel not in time inside big range cave in; Excavate method and program are non-standard cause a collapse accident.
Be aimed at above problem, the following respect should note in special technology measure.
(1) steel wears construction. Pitch should be bound to originally to produce collision to hurt person, car to tilt in case in carrying a process, component part falls wait for an accident. The erect that steel wears should have director by formulary signal by person specially assigned for a task, observe the condition of country rock trends or eject concrete at any time, prevent to fall stone, cave in causes human affairs cause. Work next when personnel is tightening solid bolt, want to stand on smooth and firm scaffold, fasten firm safety belt, prevent to produce a worker to fall accident.
(2) anchorage lever construction. Should appoint what person specially assigned for a task checks anchorage lever regularly to fight unplug force. Note oar personnel to want to strengthen an individual to defend at the same time, the glove that wear a skin, guaze mask, glasses, shield, before the exercise that note an oar begins, mix after the end, should pipeline of serious examination, cleaning machine instrument and connect. Examination hind should pass test run to just can begin formal operation. Jam with preventing to produce acuteness vibration, pipeline phenomenon; When producing the pipeline that note an oar or connect to jam, need to be in after removing pressure, undertake disassemble and be maintaininged again.
(3) eject concrete construction. Answer before eject concrete exercise begins microscope country rock accepts gush scale, clear thoroughly Wei Shi; at the same time due pipeline of microscope of person specially assigned for a task, connect, prevent to because tube damaged, connect disconnects,wait for the accident that cause when eject. When undertaking eject works, must match Dai Fang to protect appliance, should cooperate to compare according to eject means, concrete wait for a condition, take likely dustproof step, control the dust content in air, the personnel that works to be engaged in eject should have checkup regularly.
