Archaic feudal society, gubernatorial to maintain regime, to the official in feudal times that those treason and heresy, go against one's superiors stages an armed rebellion, and the criminal that commits guilty of unpardonable evil adopted law of cruel torture cruel. According to statistic, archaic cruel torture can be divided roughly it is 22 kinds, like Ling Chi, cutting sb in two at the waist, tearing a person asunder by five carts, decorticate, bake in a pan of prepare Chinese medicine by roasting it in a panbig gun, behead is waited a moment. These cruel torture let a person become terror-stricken at the news, not battle and chestnut, safeguarded effectively dominate feudality.
These cruel torture look extremely inhuman today, but the society at that time is really common. Past dynasties of all previous face dies at the number of cruel torture to be counted deeply, for instance with astringent and celebrated business Yang final also was to get the punishment of tearing a person asunder by five carts. Usually, by inflict cruel torture is a clue mostly very serious person, or it is the one party in the lose power and influence in political fight. Be in 22 in in cruel torture, put to death by dismembering the body is a most cruel kind, also be the penalty that highest ruler likes most, put to death by dismembering the body just is abolished till clear minor details. As to other cruel torture, be not every dynasty metropolis continue to use.
Of course, since by the coronal with " cruel torture " 2 words, the body and mind with the endless person that inevitable meeting brings be tortured be tortured is painful, its are practical destroy will describe probably more apt. But still have a kind of cruel torture more peculiar, be tortured be tortured person do not need to bear any the body is aching, however a kind of spirit destroys, the person that gets this penalty will not allow for common people place, brings consequence is more brutaller than Ling Chi also, this is Kun (punishment of K ū N) .
Adage says " civilian not Wei is dead, how with dead dread " , is means afraid of to death repeatedly be still afraid of coerce in order to die? Still never mention it, those who say the person of this word does not know Kun punishment namely is fierce. Kun punishment results from the earliest the Western Zhou Dynasty, of the royal blood in the person that somebody makes castration, replace with Kun, it is a close shave and beard, in order to achieve the goal of contemptuous character. The dynasty that Kun punishment place applies is not much, the Eastern Han Dynasty abolished slowly later.
Somebody can ask, does shave drop hair and beard to also calculate cruel torture? In ancient time, all along has the body to send skin, the view of the father and mother that get, below the thinking of traditional culture, people often inspects hair beard to be life, compare life even more cherish. Tentative idea, the convict of punishment sufferring Kun is in the condition with normal blame, a kind of serious blow is undoubtedly on spirit, also the allergy that certainly will causes people and be hostile to, such person, lay society considers as large disobedient action, so they are the person pedagogue at that time " Kun person " .
Arrive from the Western Zhou Dynasty the Eastern Han Dynasty this paragraph of period, to Kun punishment carry out support cautious attitude mostly, even if is in highest and regnant look, except be of the most heinous guilt person also won't sentence Kun punishment easily, because such is equal to,be put an end to one individual future. And get a person to those punishment sufferring Kun for, aux would rather Ling Chi puts to death also not be willing to suffer the character such as this to insult, ashamed be regardinged as is opposite a Zu Liezong, still let look down upon of descendants common people.
Period of the Three Kingdoms, cao Cao promulgates a command to let army must not trample in on the march cropland, behead of the person that violate. But inopportune is, his sit because,ride temporarily out of control, to the cropland trample seedings of cereal crops that took a farmer. For earnest military discipline, cao Cao cut off oneself hair the head with him generation, gave officers and soldiers people one is explained. Apparent, the person at that time puts hair and head in coequal and significant position.
Speak of tonsure, the famousest still is clear generation. 1644, qing Jun is entered after closing, make known to lower levels of ceremonial dress for royalty of prince regent much Er tonsure is taken easily your, and state " stay hair do not remain a head, do not leave a head hair " , apparent, the hair is mixed at that time the head also pays equal attention to. To Ming Dynasty common people, dynastic changes is the thing of perfectly justified, the ruler with new obedience is not discreditable, home Laozhu becomes aware when emperor and love collect family name becomes an emperor newly, pay tax to accept food wanting ordinary common people, only should the meal eats actually same.
But the history tells us, qing Dynasty is entered after closing very long period of time, the people rises in succession revolt Qing Ting, its germ depends on tonsure. To protect oneself hair, people paid enormous price, fine decide 3 massacre, Yangzhou 10 days all without exception tells world, for defend nation dignity and traditional culture, countless a righteous person abandon life made final make a stand against.
In the final analysis, kun punishment is to want to break through convict from essential uppercut, go with traditional Confucianism disintegrate their spirit and belief. Do not cross the elapse as time, gubernatorial discovery, more and more people get the impact of traditional idea is less and less, kun punishment punishs a method as a kind also gradually deviate original intention. And for the person to those be of the most heinous guilt, only Ling Chi reachs awe action since such cruel torture ability, because this Kun punishment also exited historical arena slowly.
