Mandarin orange: Of the back and belly that lay a person " Mu Nu "
Wang He year
Spring at the beginning of end summer, after continuously filamentous drizzle, tuft bunch Xiaobai is beautiful stealthily from risked on mandarin orange tree come out, below the shine upon of sunshine, in greenery foil below, appear handsome all the more. Before you can say Jack Robinson, that one a small Bai Huaer hid, however each green " agate " compose became full branch...
Of mandarin orange and tangerine " Mu Nu " differentiate
The ancients be used to calls orange " Mu Nu " , but because mandarin orange and tangerine are two different breed after all, also had two kinds of different views then: Or call mandarin orange " Mu Nu " , or call tangerine " Mu Nu " , flat even it is what tangerine breathes out " tangerine slave " .
Although appear,two kinds of branch say above, but its give standard work of scholarship identical however, all result from namely Wu Dan of the Three Kingdoms is in relief a paragraph of story of viceregal Li Heng.
Of story of Li Heng of the earliest record and narrate is the person that write is unidentified " assist this world is written down " , but this book fails to circulate come down, just now and then see the quote at later generations. About Li Heng's story, the earliest quote person it is to be " annals of the Three Kingdoms " make the Song Shi of the Southern Dynasties that note learn a Pei Song. He is in " · of annals of the Three Kingdoms annals · Sun Xiu passes " note when bringing this book, say: Wu Dan of the Three Kingdoms is in relief viceregal Li Heng ever " 10 people of close dispatch guest Yu Wuling dragon is in relief make on continent curtilage, kind pleasant tangerine 1000 individual plant " . On one's deathbed calls its child say: "Your mother is evil I manages the home, reason is poor so. There are 1000 Mu Nu in my cities like that, not duty Ru Yi is fed, year old a thin silk, yi Ke is sufficient with ear. Yi Ke is sufficient with ear..
And compare Pei Song later Li Daoyuan of home of hydrography of Northen Wei Dynasty " water classics pours · Yuan water " in, those who stay is such record and narrate however: "The Si of in relief county of dragon of Yuan Shui Youdong all previous continent, continent 20 lis long, wu Dan is in relief viceregal Li Heng, establish mandarin orange go up at its, on one's deathbed, imperial order its child say: ' there is Mu Nu in my cities 1000, not duty back and belly, year old thin silk 1000. ' too history fair say: ' Jiang Ling 1000 trees tangerine, can become a supreme ruler. ' this call. ' this call..
Kind tangerine and establish mandarin orange, although the change of one word, but the unsettled question that leave makes however person doubt and not definitely. Tang Ren paragraph highway " boreal door records " still undertook argue analyse with respect to this matter only:
" assist this world writes down " : "Li Heng is Danyang viceregal, judge 10 people make close dispatch on Yu Wuling Long Yangzhou curtilage, kind mandarin orange 1000 trees, imperial order of on one's deathbed say: ' your mother is evil I manages the home, solid is poor so. There are 1000 Mu Nu in my cities, not duty Ru Yi is fed, year old a thin silk, also sufficient with ear. ' Wu Mo, judge mandarin orange is become, year old get thin silk thousands of. " be not tangerine accordingly bright!
For " boreal door records " make the chelonian plan that note return specially to point out: "According to miscellaneous book, be like " member of the Imperial Academy wants the sea " , " drive is seen " , Gu Sai assist (should be Xie) , all list in door of yellow mandarin orange.
The place on put together is narrated knowable, in those days Li Heng is planted, be breathed out for " Mu Nu " is mandarin orange, and be not tangerine. But this allusion, enjoy with the tangerine of almost the same of mandarin orange photograph not only " Mu Nu " say, be without the other fruit tree of relation kissing a predestined relationship with mandarin orange repeatedly, also had gotten along with all the others " Mu Nu " praise. Gu Sai Xie " Qi Min wants art · to plant Mei Xing " pass with respect to quote " Mu Nu 1000, without fierce year " common adage, had had " the fructification that build character is OK city easy food crops also " explanation.
Mandarin orange renown mandarin orange, according to Tang Mengshen " dietotherapy a book on Chinese medicine " explanation: Because of,be its " when Chu Weishuang, also acerbity. Reach after frost, namely melting. Of friend name say pleasant. " it has the nickname such as golden fact, mandarin orange, yellow mandarin orange, Mu Nu again.
Like be the same as tangerine, mandarin orange also fastens rue division Chang Luguan wood or small tree, give birth to breed waiting for a law with grafting, layering, fact. Fight measure of tall just a little, the bine is much finer thorn, the leaf makes long circle, spring blossom at the beginning of end summer, the flower is white, unripe or sheet is fascicular, its are sweet very intense. If really also renown mandarin orange, be like tangerine and big, round and slightly flat, the skin is a bit thicker than tangerine, unripe blueness is ripe yellow, reason has yellow mandarin orange again say. But because of producing area different, its name has change more again, mandarin orange says in Fujian, guangdong calls orange, zhejiang takes a mandarin orange, orange to say. Because some are tasted,contain apparent district sex feature, reason has slave of new meeting mandarin orange, Ruijin to wait to say only again. Xu Ke " Qing Dynasty insignificants kind of bank note " say very much to understand: "Mandarin orange is Changlu bush, do Gao Zhangyu, xie Wei grows egg form, grey. Chu Dong is strong, form round, lubricious Huang Chi, leather close grain is fine, pare not easily, flesh much juice, gan Xiangqin ages. The mandarin orange that calls in Fujian, guangdong calls orange, and it is mandarin orange with tangerine, reason common has mandarin orange of Gao Shenchen, flat body say. Reason common has mandarin orange of Gao Shenchen, flat body say..
Divide unripe outside feeding, the Yi Ke such as the peel of mandarin orange, nucleus, leaf is used as medicine. Famous medicine learns Northen Song Dynasty a Tang Shen is small " card kind a book on Chinese medicine " think, mandarin orange has " the heat in benefit intestines and stomach is poisonous, understand red rock, stop cruel thirsty, benefit pee " wait for function. The commonly used dried tangerine or orange peel in Chinese traditional medicine, make with mandarin orange skin namely, use as commonly expectorant sluggish of next gas, disappear be good at lienal fine medicine.
The name of mandarin orange is tasted with edible
Produce the mandarin orange of our country formerly, at the latest already made the fruit tree of common seen of the people in garden in Chinese generation. Demit of the Western Han Dynasty endows with a Sima Xiangru " on Lin Fu " in have " Huang Ganchen Cou, ... collect hind palace, row boreal garden " chant. Among them " Huang Gan " , those who point to is mandarin orange. Guo Pu notes the cloud: "Huang Gan, tangerine is belonged to and gourmet powder. Tangerine is belonged to and gourmet powder..
From " assist this world is written down " in mandarin orange of Li Heng establish in light of the record and narrate of 1000 individual plant, period of Chinese the Kingdom of Wei, on the foundation that helps advance somebody's career to the technology gains ground and rise, mandarin orange regards economy as one of fruit tree,
Compare with tangerine photograph, the flavour of mandarin orange appears more get the better of one prepare. Uncut jade of advance person Guo is in " shaddock assist " in had had " shaddock of faint bud tangerine,
Advance is acting, people takes mandarin orange seriously more. This sees one of spot from 3 respects. It is a setting only official with superintend and director its thing: " drive of peace and tranquility is seen " bring " Jin Ling " in have " buy of the county in Lang defends Huang Ganli one person " account; 2 be constant by earmark tribute: " drive of peace and tranquility sees " bring of king of the Eastern Jin dynasty " the name of a river in Shaanxi and Henan provinces endows with " say: "Be like husband yellow pleasant, litchi, different Yuan Zhizhen, although be not Fangtu's place to produce, weigh 9 interpret and come attain. " 3 useful make what ancestral temple offers taste: " drive of peace and tranquility is seen " the Lu Chen that lead advance " law of hold a memorial ceremony for " have namely " wintry ancestral temple uses mandarin orange " say.
At that time, the breed of mandarin orange already had a variety of, the commonnest is yellow mandarin orange. " drive of peace and tranquility is seen " bring Zhang Zaishi of writer of the Western Jin Dynasty to have " 3 cling to Huang Gan, a kind of apple of melon city element, thirsty person be thought of, the skirt of inscription is taken " chant. Advance Guo Yigong " numerous records " also have " Qian is south install a county to give Huang Gan " record and narrate. One kind when in be the same as a book, early childhood to originate in Chengdu " be like greatly litre, color blacks or yellow-changeable " Ping Di pleasant and only the Huang Gan of one nucleus. That is to say, the trace of yellow at that time mandarin orange already pervaded today and other places of Sichuan, Guangdong.
Besides yellow mandarin orange, gules crock mandarin orange also is common breed. " begin to learn writes down " Yin Jinzhou is in " clime writes down " say: "Pleasant, of tangerine belong to, flavor is melting and peculiar person also. Have Huang Zhe, the person that have Zuo . Calling crock pleasant. " advance Cui leopard " Gu Jin notes " say: "The person that Gan Shi form is like pomegranate, call the pleasant that it is crock. Call the pleasant that it is crock..
And, the common people austral the mountain at that time is in of mandarin orange help advance somebody's career in the process, return creativity favourable geographical position to use shell of leaf of orange of yellow formic prevention and cure, obtained apparent effect, this kind manages the practice of bug with bug, established skill of our country biological control first base. " southern wood shape " to this narrate You Xiang: "Mandarin orange, be tangerine belong to, flavor is honey and peculiar person also. Have Huang Zhe, the person that have Zuo , Zuo person calling crock mandarin orange. The person that reach foot with banquet bag store formic sell at city person, its nest is like thin garrulous, bursa all connects branches and leaves, formic amid, and nest and sell. Formic bare yellow, be more than Chang Yi, if tree of southern mandarin orange does not have this formic, all be group of moth place injuries actually, without answer the person that be over. Today Hua Linyuan has mandarin orange 2 individual plant, encounter strong, go up life group official banquet drink at by, pick and cent grants Yan. Pick and cent grants Yan..
Hua Linyuan grants mandarin orange this kind mediumly lift, although only then Yu Jinhui emperor, but it is unborn monarch place however follow a set routine. The Tao Gu at the beginning of the Song Dynasty " Qing Yilu " say: "Tian Baozhong, inside in mandarin orange tree is strong, day of the Supreme Being and high-ranked imperial concubine admire drive, breathe out for ' lucky emperor slave ' . " " chart of wide beautiful women or fragrant flowers " bring Tang Zheng to be in instruct " bright emperor miscellany " also say: "Tang Shangyuan night, gong Ren includes close official of mandarin orange involuntary discharge of urine with Huang Luo, call ' the banquet that pass mandarin orange ' . " acting Su Dongpo of the Song Dynasty " on yuan show on Shi Yinlou 3 times list together " also have in the poem " return lamp of a bit incomplete is in, still have fine gentleman of the involuntary discharge of urine that pass mandarin orange " chant oh. Note oneself according to the poet, this is a kind of vogue with the medium at that time palace when the festival of lanterns, whenever right now, "Expensive Qi Zheng offers as a gift with yellow mandarin orange close official, call ' pass mandarin orange ' , build still " .
Mandarin orange is in of Tang Dynasty help advance somebody's career very extensive, breed also increases somewhat. According to " new the Tang Dynasty book · geographical annals " carry, the county of high and level tone at that time (the ground is in today county of Gansu Province article on the west) , wu Xingjun (the ground is in today county of lake city Wu Xing) , Lin Haijun (the ground is in today Zhejiang overlooks the lake) , Yu Zhangjun (the ground is in today Jiangxi Nanchang city) , . Notable is, outside waiting for southern each district except today's Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Hubei, be located in northwest Gansu Province to be taken, also began mandarin orange cultivate.
Originate in the collect float mandarin orange of Guangdong collect float, still be the content of year old of tribute of Tang Ren. Tang Li starts " Tang Guoshi fills " namely the cloud: "Collect float Gan Zi, yuan in just have, hill monk is planted Yu Nalou temple, ever since constant endowment pay intribute. Ever since constant endowment pay intribute..
Climate warmth, wet and rainy two vast areas, suit the growth of mandarin orange more, the person that reason is planted also much. Liu Zongyuan is in " border of Liuzhou city northwest plants mandarin orange cultivates " write in the poem: "The hand is planted yellow mandarin orange 200 individual plant, chun Laixin leaf everywhere border. " Tangduan becomes form " You Yang miscellaneous an ancient sacrificial utensil " right still south mountain formic the accrete phenomenon with mandarin orange, had had such description: "Have south mountain formic, be more than the ant in the Qin Dynasty, written guarantee nest is cultivated at pleasant. Real time, its get on Chang Xun, reason pleasant skin is thin and slippery. Often Gan Shi is in its nest, the winter takes greatly, flavour is multiple at constant person. Flavour is multiple at constant person..
Repose in repeatedly today in the Chang'an palace of Shaanxi churchyard, the practice that has undertaken mandarin orange is cultivated successfully helping advance somebody's career. " You Yang miscellaneous an ancient sacrificial utensil " carry: "Day treasure 10 years, zai Chen calls to say on: ' at be being planted inside palace Gan Zi counted individual plant recently, today autumn strong 150, with Changjiang Delta Sichuan path place is entered not different. ' "
The Han Yan that occupy the Song Dynasty is straight " tangerine is recorded " carry, in Tang Kaibao, medicine learns a Chen Cang implement supplementary " divine farming a book on Chinese medicine " when,
Tang Dynasty new administrative division (today Guangdong is burgeoning) one belt still has a kind to be called " change mandarin orange " breed is very famous also, fruit big skin is thin, different at often be being tasted. " boreal door records " say: "New administrative division goes out change mandarin orange, bud is more than the person that rise, but skin the orange of Bao Rudong front courtyard, the place of more than mandarin orange nots reach. Pass the cloud to want high to transplant oneself originally, do not count a hunderd li, body odor all changes, because think renown. " visible, the district sex of this kind of fruit is extremely strong, be like remote transplanting often is met body odor all changes, reason has " change mandarin orange " renown.
Song Dai, the wind of tribute mandarin orange still is put, producing area of renown mandarin orange with the ethos of Chao Gui of pay make a present of more fill. of king of person of the Song Dynasty " Yan Yiyi seeks collection " say: The lukewarm city at that time, vessel city and Guangzhou make the land of main tribute mandarin orange. But the amount is not much, "Do not pass more 1000, little or hundred " . Nevertheless, county of these city yield mandarin orange borrow however machine insinuate authority wants, down to " burden person subsidiary channels in the human body through which vital energy unravels, with perishable many its number, choose choose in order to have " , make local common people is killed by its. Tian Shengliu year, although had been issued " 3 cities must not be a close official of pay involuntary discharge of urine with tribute beyond, the person that make has punish " instruct your, but ban and incessant, it is a mere scrap of paper stopped only.
At that time, with today what Wen Zhou produces Zhejiang mandarin orange is most famous, only Han Yan is straight " tangerine is recorded " in what carry Wen Zhou mandarin orange to taste have true mandarin orange, unripe branch mandarin orange, Hai Gong mandarin orange of front courtyard of mandarin orange, hole, bright red mandarin orange, gold mandarin orange, wood mandarin orange, sweet mandarin orange 8 kinds, its top grade still head the mandarin orange that push breast (name true mandarin orange) . To its advantage, " tangerine records " had had detailed introduction: "True mandarin orange, the most expensive in category but precious. Its are wood stalking or branch and flower, solid, all different every wood. Wooden much dancing, foliaceous criterion minute is long dense, full ground of strong private parts. Hua Shiyun is especially clear far. Capture is strong, all round, skin texture is like lustre candle. Only then the dawn of frost, gardener is collected in order to display, gust is illuminated. The thumbing sweet person that show . Boreal person not the person that know, see and know its to be true mandarin orange also. Mandarin orange of a breast, call of its flavour be like cheese. Lukewarm 4 kinds mandarin orange, alone mud hill is most. Slimy country not cover a li, what produce mandarin orange, its are not surrounded 7 inches greatly, the skin is thin and flavour precious, arteries and veins does not stick valve, feed do not leave Zi, the nucleus of one bursa ability just a little, have between devoid person. Have between devoid person..
Poetic Su Dongpo is to be in about after tasting mandarin orange of this kind of breast, write down technically " eat mandarin orange " one poem, admire substantially to its: "Branch of the frost that show a page cuts cold green jade, jin Panyu points to defeat fragrant laborious. Clear spring rustle sheds tine first, sweet mist fallings thick and fast desire person.
Today one kind when Guangxi takes place to produce is called " steamed bread mandarin orange " beautiful is tasted very famous also. Fan Cheng of the person that occupy the Song Dynasty is big " Gui Haiyu Heng Zhi " carry: "Steamed bread mandarin orange, if the steamed bread is pointed,close the base of a fruit rises, fragrance fragrant get the better of, but Lie always fine breast mandarin orange. " look in the author, this kind of form is like a steamed bread,
According to the Southern Song Dynasty " Chun Xi 3 hill annals " account, fuzhou place produces mandarin orange at that time kind,
Fan Cheng of the Song Dynasty is big " Wu Jun annals " while the name in mandarin orange of record and narrate tastes true mandarin orange, the humanness place that tastes to mandarin orange has detailed record and narrate more again: "True mandarin orange, hill of thing of unkennel front courtyard, mandarin orange although tangerine kind, and its are tasted especially tall, scent exceeds get the better of, for the world the first. Short for Zhejiang Province east, Jiangxi and Sichuan fruit city all have mandarin orange, aroma mark case, below all unkennel front courtyard, aborigines Yi Shenzhen is expensive. Snow of frost of its wood Wei, should not be again drought, reason cannot much establish and abiding. When just bearing fruit, one comes straight 100 money, still be to often be tasted, largish person times price. And branches and leaves cuts, Zuo dish when, jin Bi brights, already but person. Brew of stable county Wang Yi, spring scenery of renown hole front courtyard. Su Wenzhong is fair to make an ode, extremely path bag wind of Shan Zhenze earth, and extremely smooth at chasing after Chi and drink on the west child, its Gui Zhenzhi comes. Its Gui Zhenzhi comes..
In Guangxi a few areas, people still follow is worn the forefathers habit with the formic bug that treat mandarin orange, because demand is exuberant, somebody works technically even case traffic " raise mandarin orange formic " livelihood. Zhuang Chao " chicken ribs make up " have Zai Yun namely: "Wide south arable ground is little, civilian benefit of a variety of orange to in an attempt to. Often suffer from small bug damage to feed actually, alone tree is much formiccer criterion bug cannot be born, reason garden door, buy formic at the person. Have then close formic and the person that peddle, pao of the sheep that use a pig contains fat among them, dehisce buy formic acupuncture point draws near, wait is formic enter in, hold and go, call ' raise mandarin orange formic ' . Call ' raise mandarin orange formic ' ..
Song Ren still has had the practice with brew of yellow mandarin orange. Su Shi " spring scenery of hole front courtyard " poetic foreword: "Stable county brew of Wang Yihuang mandarin orange, spring scenery of calling hole front courtyard. Color, sweet, flavour 3 absolutely.
Period of bright Qing Dynasty, mandarin orange still comes to go up imperial general photograph, issue the fruit that advocates to civilian common people. Bright magnify answer " conversation by writing of hall of plum flowers and plants " say: "The person that hole front courtyard has Zhang Qiao of great capacity, taste Kuang to grant horny mandarin orange 4, of one's own accord is fragile unusual, it is the show of one Qiu Yi big pool like that, outside content free person ear. " bright Liu is like I " bright Gong Shi " say, at that time whenever the festival of lanterns, flavour of Shang Zhen of the place in palace without number, among them, "The mandarin orange of Changjiang Delta " also one of necessary precious flavour.
Go smoothly of shake of proclaimed in writing " annals of anything that may be spared " taste to the mandarin orange of bright generation had had such account: "Front courtyard of mandarin orange unkennel person, flavour pole pleasant; The person that give new place of business, without juice, feed with knife analyse. Have a kind of thick skin more, the name is sweet collect mandarin orange, yi Mei. Small person say golden mandarin orange,
Qing Dynasty is acting, a few famous mandarin orange are tasted, productive from and other places of Guangdong, Zhejiang, Fujian. Clear Li Diaoyuan " Na Yue takes notes " the cloud: "Mandarin orange shaddock, wide in productive. Its beautiful person forehead of head having lion, sheep all names. " the place in be the same as a book brings " Luo Fu writes down " the cloud: "Collect float sweet mandarin orange has quality of reddish brown Huang Er. " be brought " Zhao Qingzhi " say again: "Lacteal mandarin orange produces the Lin Zhejia on 4 meetings. " be brought " current state records " say even: "Wet fruit is with mandarin orange the first article. "Wet fruit is with mandarin orange the first article..
" Guangdong neologism " while the name that produces a few mandarin orange in place of Guangdong of record and narrate is tasted, still disclosed the mandarin orange at that time farming the pain that suffers exploit: "Mandarin orange also tangerine and so on, the person that have steamed bread tip with the skin is thick and rough spot and close the base of a fruit is fine. The person that produce 4 meetings is smooth, mandarin orange of renown fish aspic, small civilian for 100 million also suffer from, mandarin orange door comes wash a tree to cannot answer. Produce the person that add a city, with Sha Bei, east continent, on the west continent for expensive, its ground is high, much finer Bai Sha, as far as tide, saline taste is not received, reason is honey. Reason is honey..
Clear Liang Zhangju " billow slash add talks " to Ou mandarin orange very praise highly: "Yong Jiazhi mandarin orange, the Ou mandarin orange that common calls, the person that its peddle division reaching Beijing, call spring tangerine, oneself the Tang Dynasty, the Song Dynasty namely famous.
Xu Ke " Qing Dynasty insignificants kind of bank note " think, the reed mandarin orange that originates in Fujian, red mandarin orange is especially good: "Orange is produced south Zhang, its are planted differ, and all huge. Reed mandarin orange is most, take second place of red mandarin orange. Color of reed mandarin orange is a bit yellow, red mandarin orange criterion bare, all beautiful is planted also.
Through the long-term seed selection of past dynasties working people, current mandarin orange tastes our country to taste the foundation that come forth in large numbers to go up in past dynasties name, had new development again. Be like mandarin orange of Sichuan a kind of orange, wet Shan, 4 meetings are sweet the snow mandarin orange of mandarin orange and Taiwan, mandarin orange, it is the curiosa in the mandarin orange of rare.
Bibliographical reference (slightly)
" the melon orchard of our ancestor " (serialize)
Copyright work: E Zundeng word - 2017-A-00016844
