"Midway island battle is the turning point of battlefield of Pacific Ocean of World War II. "Midway island battle is the turning point of battlefield of Pacific Ocean of World War II..
Midway island is the turning point of war of Pacific Ocean of World War II, be the aircraft carrier in World War II most summit summit is right definitely, also be the gambling house that the United States and Japan carry to betting a country, it is American admiral more this 56 battle of wits fight Nimitz and hill of Japanese naval high-ranking officer the arena of brave. Japan is hurt greatly in the vigour in this one battle, lost the dominant position of Pacific Ocean battlefield, after this battle passes, the situation that Pacific Ocean battlefield attacks and defence produced changeover, the United States begins to master the active advantageous position of battlefield, and the blow that Japan gets in this one battle, its influence ends to World War II continuously all the time.
And itself of midway island battle, also was full of legend colour. The process of whole campaign also can say is free and easy rises and fall, surging forward with great momentum. In this battle, get the better of with be defeated to be between in a twinkle. Place of strategics of grandchildren of its ending no less than says: "Calculate more get the better of, calculate less deeply. " the one party victory that calculates more the one party that calculates less.
So, ask everybody and me together, the battlefield that return smoke of gunpowder diffuses, witness those again far the legend that go.
Of 01 mystery " AF "In April 1942 the first ten days of a month, an information is placed on the desk on the desk of the office of admiral of American Pacific Ocean that is located in Hawaiian Pearl Harbor, and right now the host of this office -- Nimitz was immersed in American admiral to brood deeply however.
Commander-in-chief of fleet of Pacific Ocean of ▲ United States, nimitz of naval General of the Army
Information is the Japanese cable place that has intercepted and capture by basis of center of Pacific Ocean information made judgement: Japanese army fleet is about to launch greater offensive in Pacific Ocean. This, nimicike has this judgement early with saying. After Pearl Harbor of Japanese sneak attack, actual strength of fleet of American Pacific Ocean got inflict heavy losses on, but still 3 aircraft carrier escaped air attack. Japan is right this all the time be troubled Yu Huai, eliminate U.S. Army aircraft carrier in look for an opportunity all the time. So Japan should be hit battle this thing is greatly in Nimitz anticipation.
But is more important -- where to hit? If cannot decide this, this information is no point.
Before 4 months 1942, nimitz can say is be pregnant has concern. The job defeating interpret that happy is the JN-25B code that the U.S. Army uses to the Japanese army obtained significant progress. Of care is, although defeat interpret the knows Japan acts next specific place that the password still cannot cut truly.
Do not know time place, the U.S. Army remains one blacken sb's name twice, be in enemy in dark I am in bright, the situation that passivity takes a beating.
The JN-25B code that Japanese army place uses, be considered as by Japanese army " theoretic be defeated far from possibly of interpret. " and this kind of self-confidence is not Japanese army have a very narrow view. The code that Japanese army place uses, be by two passwords this in password of a group of when choose generation 5 digit, among them a password this the number is significant, another password this the number is insignificant. Send telegraphic moment, meet a two ministry passwords this digital lump is given out, the person that accept indexes according to cable, the sieve drops insignificant number, withhold significant information, form text finally. Sound very complex.
Before the war erupts, the U.S. Army is can find no way out simply to this kind of password, really theoretic cannot defeat interpret this kind of password.
But the day is not had absolutely the person's road, defeat a favourable turn of interpret password, came very quickly actually, and what expect letting a person is less than is, this a favourable turn comes from the sea floor of another hemisphere actually.
In January 1942, a submarine of Japan " Yi - 124 " date the mission that in Australian Darwin region of harbor open waters executes cloth to set mine. In the process returning to base after the task that finish, be discovered by a few chaser of U.S. Army and Australia and bombard and sink.
Japanese navy was not received " Yi - 124 " the signal of date submarine, be forced to maintain this submarine to had been missing. But also do not vacate really in nervous and intense battle give hand to undertake investigating, so time grew Japanese navy to give this job forgot. War insecurity, lose submarine of one or two also of it doesn't matter.
But the Japanese army does not know is, the U.S. Army is opposite truly this submarine as if one find out treasure, send diver to be risked dead unexpectedly enter the water salvage, wait for the martial password of the Japanese army originally with strategic password originally full fish out, had these baby, the U.S. Army unscrambles Japanese cable to follow bright mirror like. Japanese thinks those who be less than is, a submarine that be missing, caused a series of butterfly effect actually, caused the Japanese failure in Pacific Ocean battlefield finally.
Saying also is coincidence, should say Japan is legionary actually the risk that nobody realizes to the password is divulged arrives then also is not, after all Japanese is not foolish also. Martial password of Japan wants to undertake changing regularly namely originally. Ask according to keeping secret originally, japan should be in should enable in January 1942 new " JN-25C " password.
If this thing is successful execute, fu Zhidong shed it may be said of entire painstaking effort.
What but the Japanese army is in,battlefront of Pacific Ocean battlefield pulls is too long, should get new code hair to Pacific Ocean each district Japanese naval force is real too difficult, then hill decides remit to originally on May 1, and went to what midway island war erupts all the time finally June, japan still distributes the work without what finish new code. The time with the enough member that this gave U.S. Army information the person breaks interpret code. Arrived in April 1942, personnel of U.S. Army information can have understood content of cable of major Japanese army.
Very fast, after branch of U.S. Army information has pool to text of come-and-go of Japanese army Pacific Area, discovery has an acting howl " AF " place occurrence frequency is very tall. Japan although the password has been defeated interpret, but communicate to what nod importantly between them or point to era with code name, this " AF " gave a very big difficult problem to the U.S. Army. Through much information collect, can decide " AF " it is Japan the next time the main attack target of battle.
"AF " where be after all? Be Pearl Harbor? Be still A Liushen archipelago? Where be still? The information personnel sleeping and eating of fleet of the pendent Rangnimici of this difficult problem and Pacific Ocean is installed hard. Final, this difficult problem falls in American navy stationmaster of Hawaiian information station -- on body of Ford of Luoche of · of husband agreement a twenty-five-stringed plucked instrument.
Stationmaster of Hawaiian information station makes an appointment with navy of ▲ United States Ford of Luoche of · of husband of a twenty-five-stringed plucked instrument
Luo Chefu is the expert with seasoned respect of password of a broken interpret especially, in this respect he is having his distinctive thinking. Before he discovers before long on the chart of Japanese army Pacific Ocean of capture, have the coordinate line of two across, horizontal line indicates is " A " , ordinate indicates is " F " , and the node of two coordinate, be located in the midway island among Pacific Ocean namely. The letter that tags because of the chart of the chart of American and Japanese is different, so average person did not see.
In addition, hawaiian information station reverses the order that finds a Japanese army from the text that monitors before 1942, this command asks aeroboat takes off from archipelago of Er of equestrian carry on, fly to Pearl Harbor, the scout in the sky of AF should be sheered in road. The islands that passes according to course place will analyse, this AF may be midway island only.
So where is midway island? Why can you draw the attention of the Japanese army?
Relief map of ▲ midway island
Midway island is located in among Pacific Ocean course, be apart from Japanese yokohama and as it happens of American san Francisco is 2800 sea mile (about 5185 kilometers are controlled) , it is the United States is in in the martial base with main Pacific Area, it is an U.S. Army in Hawaiian portal, with Hawaiian base be as close as lips and teeth.
So, midway island once fall, hawaiian base weighs the track of an overturned cart of skip Pearl Harbor likely.
But how can prove AF,be midway island really, after all Japan also is done not have bright tell the United States. Luo Chefu's special subordinate thought up a good idea. Ask for help of headquarters of fleet of Pacific Ocean of Xiang Meijun of team of upside of requirement midway island, say equipment of desalt of insular Shanghai water is bad, see Japanese have reaction to this information.
Then, the Xiang Zhenzhu harbor of the army make a great show of being in earnest on midway island made this telephone call, pearl Harbor respect also has a model to the reply of appearance has given out carry water boat to midway island.
Bait has been cast went out, can Japanese swallow the bait?
Of the phone get through that midway island lacks water the following day, on May 22, 1942, this 56 hair go to Japanese admiral hill a cipher telegram of Japanese admiralty is intercepted and capture: "The AF that occupy a newspaper lacks fresh water, assault armed forces carries enough fresh water! Assault armed forces carries enough fresh water!!
Luo Chefu won especially! Target of Japanese army the next is midway island!
Had a place, where is time?
Still must be attributed to him Japanese, before midway island battle is initiated, an adjutant of Japanese Marine Corps gave out a such text: "After June 5, cadre team mail sends AF please. Cadre team mail sends AF please..
This cable has been clear almost told American, midway island battle starts time will be on June 4.
02 " from hey " grand planTo midway island, japanese navy combines fleet commander-in-chief hill this 56 generals are early covet long already.
▲ Japan navy combines admiral hill this 56 generals
After from December 7, 1941 sneak attack Pearl Harbor succeeds, japan is in the time of 3 months is occupational on the west the much on Pacific Ocean island, include archipelago of Er of equestrian carry on, malaya is pulled by the Japanese army etc in the bosom. Whole Pacific Ocean was controlled by Japan completely almost on the west.
Successional triumphal message lets whole Japan be in fanaticism in. However, outside the congratulatory sound of these lively jubilation, at orgiastic center the biggest " hero " , the founder of sneak attack Pearl Harbor, hill this 56 unusual however sober. He knows giant industry productivity of the United States clearly, and this kind of ability once actuate can have for warlike service how horrible. Must have not begun to react naval force of American Pacific Ocean is destroyed thoroughly when coming over in the United States so.
Especially the U.S. Army has 3 aircraft carrier to was not destroyed in Pearl Harbor this thing is to install make his sleeping and eating difficult more. Once American delay crosses interest to come, these 3 aircraft carrier that leave are the cornerstone that American navy counterattacks. In light of the war situation from the back, hill this judgement of 56 is very accurate.
So hill delivers the view to midway island originally, if occupational here, can regard Japan's ongoing base as here already, can annihilate again the aircraft carrier that American fleet leaves. But, hill is originally on this problem produced intense conflict with military orders ministry, because military orders ministry advocates,launch attack to Australian periphery islands first, can make become the United States to counterattack so the Australian sink of gangplank is isolated the condition that does not have aid.
Do not fall in bilateral conflict when. American station came out to help Shanbenyi.
On April 18, 1942, bomber of 16 B-25 type from " bumblebee " date takes off on aircraft carrier, bomb Japanese Tokyo, renown Gu Wu and Kobe, turn next flying China. This bomb is done not have actually how old loss, but big to be certain Japan is Caesarean army power for the countryman with Zhuang Chengwu long use, hit them badly to be opposite war situation and the confidence to the country.
After all bomb is thrown quickly to head of the emperor of Japan, the conflict that plans to midway island in military orders ministry vanishs completely immediately. Want to know, fleet of American Pacific Ocean only remnant 3 aircraft carrier dare bomb Tokyo, or else eliminates Pacific Ocean naval force, if which days of the emperor of Japan was died by scamper, all person estimation that reject midway island plan must cut an abdomen.
On April 28, hill holds meeting of naval and senior high-ranking military officer originally, those who decided aggression midway island is specific fight plan. Above all, the Japanese army sends a fleet to attack A Liushen archipelago (midway island with north) , undertake disembarkation, the accept a challenge on north of prevail on U.S. Army, such U.S. Armies can be attacked the converging attack of two Japan fleet of A Liushen archipelago and midway island, such Japan are OK eliminate naval force of American Pacific Ocean on Pacific Ocean thoroughly, midway island captures with battleship team again in the meantime, such general trends decides a Pacific Ocean.
On May 5, original stick to one's position endlessly military orders ministry approved hill quickly this midway island plan.
Just approved midway island plan, on May 7, japanese navy and American navy encounter in the coral sea of new Guinea south, over, the United States and Japanese navy undertook human history go up first aircraft carrier is right definitely, ultimate combat success, beautiful day both sides is respective by bombard and sink an aircraft carrier, day just hurt two aircraft carrier, the United States just hurts an aircraft carrier again, but the U.S. Army frustrated aggression intent of Japan.
Encounter battle to this nevertheless, shan Bengen was not put on the heart originally, because be told originally to hill, this battle is only before dish, and the contention of midway island just is core. Win a victory for utmost, hill employed Japanese naval originally almost full family property accumulated over a long time. The naval ships and boat that the plan involves has many 200. Include 8 aircraft carrier among them, 11 warship, 23 cruiser, 65 chaser and 21 submarine, in addition, still add up to makes an appointment with 600 planes to attend a war.
Hill raises this giant fleet cent to form into columns for 6 originally. Can divide basically according to battle direction among them for two parts: Part of midway island direction and A take part of direction of Shen Qun island.
Among them midway island direction forms into columns 4 times in all: 1. Ongoing and covering form into columns, by 16 submarine composition, be in charge of halfway island maritime space undertaking conceal investigates charge; 2. Aircraft carrier the first motor-driven forms into columns, by Na Yunzhong one lieutenant general is led, there are 4 heavy-duty aircraft carriers below the banner, before be in charge of landing, to midway the island has air attack, and fleet of U.S. Army of annihilation of look for an opportunity; 3. Aircraft carrier the 2nd motor-driven forms into columns, get oneself originally by hill, follow in Na Yun rear; 4. Midway island lands ground armed forces.
Direction of A Liushen archipelago forms into columns twice: 1. Attack A Liushen archipelago to form into columns, you Xixuan lieutenant general leads, be in charge of razziaing A Liushen archipelago, attract north of U.S. Army fleet to go up, diversionary the other side; 2. Alert of A Liushen archipelago forms into columns, for Aliushen archipelago assault armed forces is held the position of alert and assist the task.
Be deployed from military strength and assume task significance for, the aircraft carrier that place of one lieutenant general leads Na Yunzhong the brunt that the first motor-driven forms into columns is be worthy of without doubt, hold the position of main attack task. So in retrospective article, we integrate an aircraft carrier the first motor-driven forms into columns call " Na Yunjian team " .
▲ Japan combines a naval force commanding officer of group of the first aviation is magisterial Na Yunzhong one lieutenant general
This is the plan of a very complex He Hongwei, but, japanese army password is defeated by the U.S. Army interpret, text of the order details that this brings about hill to give each to support a naval force originally, contact is in the United States became in naval eye transparent, be clear at a glance of place in a planned way.
So, this grandiose midway island of 56 plans hill, flatter oneself is mysterious unbeknown, actually from be in namely at the beginning " from hey " stopped.
See here, I have two problems to want to be discussed with reader friends.
The first, if American navy does not have the password of broken interpret Japanese army, hill this plan to you can succeed?
The 2nd, if you are Nimitz, was informed island of Japanese naval midway to plan, how do you prepare to beat on you already the adversary of know sth like the palm of one's hand?
The answer of myself is below. If everybody has other opinion can illicit letter gives me. This is hole of a head only, because if,the history is done not have after all.
The first problem, the password does not have the interpret that be defeated, does hill plan to you can succeed originally?
With myself a dabbler army in light of confused angle, if American navy does not have password of naval of broken interpret Japan, that hill plans this to succeed very likely still actually originally, because be below the situation that understands inadequacy to the other side, a site that may be direction of Japanese army main attack seeks on boundless and indistinct Pacific Ocean, as good as at look for a needle in the ocean. Once the Japanese army attacks A,leave Shen Qun island so, the U.S. Army is enticed very likely to give Pearl Harbor by the Japanese army really, sail north to A Liushen archipelago, in the conventional remark that falls into the Japanese army thereby, be surrounded by the Japanese army.
But this plan has a premise successfully, the aircraft carrier that is island of midway of Japanese army aggression then was not discovered by the U.S. Army, once be discovered, regular meeting incurs the charge of machine of carrier-borne of U.S. Army aircraft carrier. Lure in whole plan enemy the part is essential without existence, enter plane of aircraft carrier carrier-borne directly to was being attacked.
So next, if enter machine of aircraft carrier carrier-borne to be opposite,attack, deploy of this that Japan military strength can get victory? I think, a bit dangerous, because this plan is having a logistic problem, is that -- is Na Yunjian team to do what after all?
Is this apparent? What hill says originally is very clear, the strategic goal of cloud fleet is to regard as south razzia the vanguard of midway island and annihilate its when U.S. Army aircraft carrier appears.
But everybody discovered, this task bears with two one's duty are allowed, one part is the vanguard that lands as midway island, another part is fleet of annihilation U.S. Army. In the first part, cloud fleet was become to make landing boat south or military strength carriage naval vessel will use, in the 2nd part, cloud fleet just is become to do aircraft carrier army to use south. Itself of these two targets is self-contradictory. Careless Lu Longzhi of chief of staff of unit of motor-driven of Japanese army aircraft carrier uprighted to express such is anxious: "This means fleet of the first aviation to want at the same time angle two bunny. " after that the war situation of the face proved this fitly, na Yunjian team is absorption when coping with midway island U.S. Army, u.S. Army aircraft carrier shows a body suddenly, na Yunjian group is final by two bunny tear at cannot two consider.
So my answer is, if the team does not have Na Yunjian to be discovered by the U.S. Army, so Shanbenji delimits very large possibility succeeds, but once Na Yunjian team is discovered near halfway island, criterion Japanese navy fails very likely.
Good, the 2nd problem, how can be if you are Nimitz,you done?
Want to answer this question, we need to see Nimitz first there is what card in the hand.
Nimitz is to be in what Pacific Ocean admiral assumes office after Pearl Harbor incident, but in his hand there are 3 aircraft carriers only now, carrier-borne machine 233, 8 cruiser, 6 warship inside gross 76 warships, no matter see naval ships amount, still hold machine amount, beautiful national capital is in inferior position.
With my dabbler army confused angle, I can think of only probably: If I am Nimitz, outside the ring of encirclement that I may want to move 3 only aircraft carrier to Japanese naval naval force to be set beforehand above all, launch abrupt assault from the flank of Na Yunjian team next. The issue that remain, have trust to luck only.
Nimitz's practice most begin and I am about the same. Nimitz halfway island northeast is offshore pitch on of maritime space of 200 sea mile the position that awaits attack to first-rate of U.S. Army aircraft carrier. This position as it happens is besides cordon of Japanese army submarine, and be discovered by Japanese army scout hard quite. Nimitz calls this place " lucky dot " .
Nimitz mixes 3 only aircraft carrier and a few cruiser that remain chaser collect collect, formed two task force, part in Sipuluensi naval lieutenant general leads naval major general and Fulaiche below, the advancement that is driven in composition of Japanese naval submarine is covering form into columns before arriving at booked conceal to investigate the position, in advance is arrived at " lucky dot " . Two fleets are in successful on June 2 join forces.
And in Pacific other one aspect of the matter, japanese navy also dispatched according to the plan.
May 27 is Japanese naval section, early morning at 6 o'clock, the aircraft carrier that Na Yunzhong leads the first motor-driven forms into columns left Japanese Lai base of indoor Hai Haijun. Other each fleet also leaves respective place where troops are stationed to weigh anchor respectively set sail.
In Atlantic halfway isle, await this to support the most giant naval force on Japanese history, what kind of destiny be after all? And the information that U.S. Army place masters, whether help them beat the Japan with powerful actual strength to combine a naval force?
Nebula approachs a city, shan Yu is about to come.
The midway island of ▲ beauty
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