Today is " 61 " the Children's Festival, in celebrate joyously a festival for the child while, how to avoid the child to be harmed accidentally, also parents are paid close attention to. Newest data shows, the whole world has much name is 14 years old of 100 the following children every year to die at accident harm, 26.1% what Chinese accident harm holds sum total of children cause of death, and this number still is in with annual the rate of 7%~10% increases quickly. So, let children be far from an accident to harm no time to delay! This period we invite estrade on the weekend Chongqing medical university is accessary the expert of children hospital, will talk about the precaution that children harms outside 6 carelessness and processing with everybody.
Scald
Remember law of 3 paces emergency treatment well
Civil: Chongqing medical university is accessary children hospital
Heart of Yuan of doctor of vice director of burn plastics division is firm
2 years old female child, because walk flabby, trip flows in the thermos bottle that just smashed drip in the hot water that come out, bring about left leg bedding face to accumulate scald; Another 2 years old much female child when amuse oneself, both hands is pressed not carefully in entering the hot stockpot that is put on courtyard ground, the Shang Shui in place favour boiler is not deep, it is palmar place scald only; Have a little boy of 7 years old more, right leg bedding face accumulates scald, when asking about scald reason, the parent says to not be clear about however.
The scald of afore-mentioned children results from mostly the parent temporarily neglectful, just make the child organic can contact the liquid of boiling hot. Be anatomized as a result of children and physiology characteristic, relatively serious consequence often can appear after children burns scald, can endanger life even sometimes, later period still can form obstacle of function of scar, limbs to destroy look, deformity to wait even. Accordingly, the article that suggests the parent does not bring about the likelihood scald is put in the place that the child is getting quite. Especially the child has a holiday in the home, should strengthen guard more.
If the child is inadvertent by scald, the parent is not flurried, not credulous so called " law of cubic meter of earth " (if take off the child's clothings instantly, use soy, sesame oil or the processing cut such as the careless ash after frost of skin of dog oil, toothpaste, embellish, liquor, merbromin, gentian violet, combustion, salt) . These processing techniques not only of can aggravating child get hurt degree, bring harm 2 times, disturb the doctor judgement to burn degree possibly still.
After the child burns scald, the parent can undertake handling according to the following method.
1
Break away from heat source quickly.
Blaze burn: Extinguish blaze quickly, call out of avoid by all means, run cry for help, lest increase loss of woman's head-ornaments ministry, respiratory tract.
Chemical burn: Rinse with a large number of clear water, cut open the clothings of gentle come out be contaminated.
Electric burn: Interrupt power supply instantly. Avoid by all means did not interrupt patient of the contact when power source, lest make,oneself get hurt.
2
Instantly cold cure.
Strong: The cold water that uses clean flow undertakes rinsing dropping in temperature to traumatic place 10~30 minute, current need not be used too urgent.
Take off: Purify covers the clothing and other articles of daily use of cut, but clothings of child of not informal tear at, use scissors to cut open clothings as far as possible. In the meantime, want to avoid scissors to hurt the skin, or break blister.
Bubble: Immerse continuously with cold water scald place makes an appointment with 30 minutes. The winter should avoid to immerse with cold water, can use wet spread of normal temperature water.
Lid: Use asepsis gauze or secure, maintain cut cleanness.
3
See a doctor in time to the hospital.
Happen to spend above again (scald place skin shows hoar / rufous / blacken or burn scald area bigger) when burning scald, send toward hospital of normal specialized subject to accept treatment as soon as possible please. In road of go to a doctor the proper and drinkable beverage that contain salt, can reduce the happening of the shock after large area scald, but should avoid the drinkable beverage that contain sugar, plain boiled water, mineral water to wait.
Tracheal eyewinker
Cheeper most need to be paid close attention to
Civil: Chongqing medical university is accessary children hospital
Otolaryngology director Yao Gongbing
2 years old of when come from Sichuan female Tong Shushu take meter of beautiful candy at the same time in the home, watch TV at the same time, the gust after happy yock coughs acutenessly, cough so that complexion changed, frighten family member hurry-scurry. One pats backside, shu Shu alleviated it seems that a few, begin to cry greatly again subsequently, parents takes her to see a doctor to local hospital rapidly. A many week went, shu Shu still coughs more than, still have " growl growl " sound comes out from the hair in throat, parents takes her to arrive again my courtyard microscope.
Shu Shu is after otolaryngology examination, discovery has a foreign body inside left bronchus. Operation hind takes out the pignut of a half soybean volume, the rice that before consideration pignut should come from this, has spends candy. Actually, suck an eyewinker to enter tracheal child to be absent by accident so like Shu Shu a few. According to statistic, the tracheal eyewinker case that my courtyard annual examines has more than 500. The case of tracheal eyewinker appears in 3 years old of the following children more, because they are masticatory the function is not complete, deglutition function still is not very harmonious, easy wait for small part of pignut, legume, grain of rice, melon seeds, toy by accident inspiratory and tracheal, cause acuteness choke to cough, breath is difficult, bring about badly even asphyxial.
The child sucks an eyewinker to enter by accident tracheal, how should have the parent done effective precaution? Should avoid 3~5 year old the following child eats the food such as earthnut, melon seeds, legume, especially the child is crying, be troubled by, play, when laughing, cannot have a thing. Because be below such circumstance, the food of the grain shape such as earthnut, melon seeds is easy and inspiratory tracheal. In the meantime, the parent should supervise and urge the child corrects the undesirable habit that substance contains in the mouth. If discover child mouth inclusion, should persuade its to spit, do not dig forcibly with finger take, lest cause the child,cry be troubled by and the eyewinker inspiratory gas.
If the child has sucked an eyewinker by accident, appear acuteness choke coughs, be flushed, have choke with resentment, when breathing the symptom such as difficulty, the parent wants quick response, correct and seasonable use Haimulike emergency treatment law.
1
Use at old children:
The person that rescue them stands in back of the person that suck by accident, double armlet holds the lumbar abdomen of the person that suck by accident in arms, skill make a fist, boxing heart presses the place between the belly button that presses the person that suck by accident and rib upcountry; Another hand becomes a strike with the palm of the hand, cover by on fist, both hands quickness exerts oneself to do sth. to in, squash up, carry out repeatedly, till block content is spat till.
2
Use at 3 years old of the following children:
Adopt a child instantly, a hand holds the child zygomatic two side, the arm is sticking the child's prothorax, after another hand holds the child in the palm cervical, make its face gadarene, bend over to go up in knee of person of relieve a sick or injured person. Arsis 1~5 is carried on the back in the child second, observe whether the child spits the eyewinker.
If parent control and understanding sea Mu establish standard of gram emergency treatment, should help child general eyewinker as soon as possible expectorate. If disable, the parent should send the child in time to hospital cure. If discover the child resembles Shu Shu appearing in that way without reason cough, cough the symptom of asthma, the parent also wants vigilance whether the child sucked dot by accident when unmanned guard, need to send the child in time to the hospital to see a doctor.
High fever is not retreated
Vigilance heats up sexual convulsions
Civil: Chongqing medical university is accessary children hospital
Li Xiujuan of doctor of vice director of nerve internal medicine
"Doctor, see my home child quickly, be in jerky... " fabaceous beans of 2 years old is inadvertent catch a cold had a fever. "Not bad by day good, it is together with grandmother in the village amuse oneself, bathe to begin sneeze in the evening, before dawn had a fever, the temperature that I measure to him in the home is 39.6 ℃ " , the mom of fabaceous beans says with the doctor anxiously: "I do not have experience, do not know to do how, look after children rapidly so come to a hospital. Doctor, just is the child in jerky ah? " classics examination, fabaceous beans is to heat up sexual convulsions by diagnose.
Hot sex convulsions has He Te to nod
Hot sex convulsions is an infant the commonnest convulsions sex disease. The first time fit arrives 5 years old in 6 months more, in the initial stage of infection of the upper respiratory tract or disease of other infection sex, rise more than 38 ℃ suddenly when temperature when, produce convulsions suddenly, eliminate be affected inside skull and other cause faint from fear implement after qualitative sex or metabolization sex are unusual, just can diagnose convulsions of the sex that it is heat.
Convulsions happens after give out heat 24 hours more inside, majority is systemic sex fit, minority is fit of bureau kitchen sex. Last a period of time of most convulsions fit is brief, in heating up Cheng only 1 fit, heat up sexual convulsions for pure sex. Exceed 15 minutes when convulsions time, the convulsions inside 24 hours has again when fit, convulsions breaks out for bureau kitchen sex, call complexity to heat up sexual convulsions, need parent height to take seriously, the proposal sees a doctor to specialized subject outpatient service. Majority of hot sex convulsions is prognostic and good, but the little patient that makes an appointment with 1/3 can have a relapse. Below the circumstance that does not have tall danger element, the likelihood develops after the little patient of hot sex convulsions of about 2% for epilepsy.
How should be the parent handled
When child happening heats up sexual convulsions, how should the parent do?
1. if the child's collar is closer, remember unlock collar, lie child side immediately or make the same score lie. Smooth when lying head deflection a side, prevent puke or secretion to be caused into spirit way by accident asphyxial. If discover to there is puke in the child's oral cavity, can tangle short-haired pelt towel forefinger to go up, draw out the puke in the mouth with forefinger next.
When 2. child convulsions breaks out, need to maintain surroundings airiness, in order to decrease anoxic. The window can be opened in the home, if have the requirement that absorbs oxygen, can absorb oxygen to the child; If be to be in the place with dense throng to produce convulsions, need immediately scattered crowd, or move the child the place of airiness.
When convulsions happening, accomplish even " 6 not " :
1. does not feed the child to have pron any thing
Because the child did not regain consciousness right now, hello feed bring about easily asphyxial.
2. is not pressed forcibly press limbs
By press limbs not only cannot stop tic, may bring about fracture instead.
3. does not fill in any arrives inside oral cavity
Between the tooth that when somebody breaks out, can put finger into the child, result finger is bitten horribly.
4. does not wake forcibly the child
For instance the hand of clutch child, fan, method that waiting with pinprick is special mistake.
5. does not procrastinate forcibly drag the child
Pull its forcibly for instance drag other place, acuteness shake the child.
6. does not want clutch philtrum
Confirm without evidence this kind of method can stop effectively at present Jing, suggest to be not used.
Heat up a gender to having the little patient of convulsions history, must prevent infection, enhance a constitution, standing thermometer, febrifuge reachs patulin in the home. Once infection appears,give out heat, need to drop in temperature actively, every 0.5~1 hour measures temperature. Exceed 38 ℃ when temperature, should use febrifuge, suggest to water more assistance drops in temperature. Temperature is measured after using drug 1 hour, observation uses medical effect. The parent should observe little patient illness changes closely, appear to give out heat continuously, mental reaction difference, repeatedly convulsions fit, infection is serious when waiting for a circumstance, answer to send a hospital as soon as possible.
Fall
Want to prevent bone joint to injure
Civil: Chongqing medical university is accessary children hospital
Orthopaedics center bone Li Ming of one ward director
Tong Tong of 6 years old is when He Xiaopeng friendly amuse oneself, fall carelessly, right elbow is acuteness and aching, not dare activity. Young associate people psyched out, run to call adult to help rapidly. After Tong Tong is sent a hospital by parents, be diagnosed to be on the right side of the fracture on humeral condyle. Fortunately X piece showed to just appear on bone a bit break, without complete shift, after be being secured with gesso so, come home rested.
The child falls, very common in daily life. In the meantime, wait for a large number of swarming into as a result of car of slide car, bicycle, balance, make the child is injured in the motion in daily life particularly common. The bone joint that children falls to cause touchdown place and force easily to conduct place is injured, it is fracture for the most part among them, wait like elbow fracture, clavicular fracture, antebrachium fracture, incorporate possibly even articulatory dislocation and injury of hemal, nerval.
Children fracture injury and adult are distinguishing. Above all, children is skeletal organic qualitative opposite more, appear easily to rupture not completely, and curved and ceaseless " green branch fracture " ; Next, children periosteum is thick, blood is offerred rich, restore also relatively the adult is a lot of faster. In the meantime, children skeleton is put in epiphysis, namely the growth of bone board. Be like epiphysis of fracture drag in, the growth that affects character probably development, cause limbs deformation and functional obstacle to wait. Children states ability difference, and vivid momentum is big, sex of remedial comply with is poor, these make a diagnosis and give treatment that injure to children bone joint bring difficulty.
After children falls, do not pull at will pull and the activity gets hurt place, should not filming more X piece knead at will below the condition that diagnoses clearly hold. Can use hard board, chipboard, book or iron piece etc to getting hurt limbs undertakes be fixedded temporarily, send toward specialized subject hospital to make further examination and treatment again, can avoid to move so, the fracture in process of have a change of luck breaks end to injure blood-vessel and nerve to wait further.
But some parents think the child did not hinder greatly, did not send its in time toward the hospital, make fracture or articulatory dislocation cannot get processing for long. When after discovery is unbalanced, had been dated sex fracture or dated sex dislocation, this brings very great difficulty to cure, even the operation also cannot return to normal completely, produce complication easily, leave limbs deformation and articulatory function barrier, affect life quality of the child thereby. Accordingly, proposal parent wants to take seriously highly. Fall when the child after falling, if appear limbs gall, not dare activity, deformation, should correct apply the brake, timely seek medical advice, prevent bone joint to injure the child to bring a harm.
Drown
It is coequal and as important as deliverance to be on guard
Civil: Chongqing medical university is accessary children hospital
Profit of Tan of director of emergency call division is flat
Summer sorching, swam children play those who enjoy the cool love most, but may happen at any time accidentally, safe education must take seriously. Show according to WHO data, drowning is the 3rd big reason that accident of world each district harms death.
Drown 12 kinds of circumstances of the accident
It is teenage children below incidental drown 12 kinds of circumstances of the accident, should bring those who have the parent to take seriously.
1. does not take care to fall into water from the place such as Chi Bian, bank or Bao Bing.
After 2. slips suddenly in water, stand not to rise or when play water, be pressed to press and cannot accuse oneself.
Warming-up does 3. inadequately, violent campaign has instantly after entering the water.
4. sometimes too flaunt one's superiority, overrate force or natant time grows too and cause excessive exhaustion.
Water of 5. abrupt choke, won't adjust breath.
6. belt is provided in the float that goes up personally break away from or burst is flat sink in water.
7. natant technology did not master good, the accident such as collision is encountered to cause fluster of panic-stricken, movement in water.
8. is in water is warm swim in too small water area and produce jerky phenomenon.
9. enters water method undeserved, hit wall or stone wait for rigid object and get hurt the contingency that causes.
10. takes a risk to dive, because choke with resentment,time grows too, cause cardiac muscle to be short of blood or work of central nervous system to stop suddenly wait for a phenomenon.
The other swimmer that hug of the person that 11. is drowned does not put.
The installation of 12. natatorium place is improper, or in race, have swim in the water area such as the vortical, of great capacity that has fresh gale wave or lake.
It how save oneself is very important also to how save oneself
(one) won't swimmer drowns save oneself
Fluster does not want after 1. falls into water, must retain have one's head screwed on the right way.
2. adopts the top of head backward, mouth to upper part, show buccal bazoo water, hold normal breath.
3. is expiratory shallow, inspiratory deep, make as far as possible body float at surface, await other deliverance.
4. is sure to keep in mind not to get on the hand to lift or struggle desperately, because such doing,make the person sinks easily instead in water.
(2) meeting swimmer drowns save oneself
Because crus is sural,1. meeting swimmer drowns is commonly be caused by of alvine flesh convulsion, should calmly, cry for help in time.
2. holds the body in the arms posse, the surface on float.
3. is sucked greatly at a heat, facial water intrusion in, convulsion (jerky) foot of lower limbs Mu exerts oneself to do sth. forward upper part is pulled, make Mu foot lift up rises, exert oneself to do sth. continuously, disappear till pang, jerky nature can stop.
After 4. breaks out, same position but again jerky, because this is opposite,swim to the bank slowly, after toing disembark, give massage and hot compress affected part.
5. is like artifice crick, can point to the hand fluctuation Qu Shen by oneself, adopt face upward, with two sufficient swim to the bank.
Precaution drowns accomplish " 6 not "
Avoid children to drown, should strengthen to the child above all superintend, tell the river below the child natant dangerous sex; Next, if be in swim the pool swims, want to inform the child to be far from deep water area. In the meantime, strengthen the child to be known dangerously potentially to swimming.
Precaution drowns, the parent should admonish the child accomplishs " 6 not " :
Not privately enters the water swim;
Not do sth without authorization and other accompany swim;
The case that leading without the parent or teacher is downstream swim;
Do not arrive to swim without the safe facilities, water area that does not have a rescuer;
Be less than unfamiliar water area swims;
The minor of not familiar ability in swimming not do sth without authorization enters the water rescue them.
In addition, still the following should notice:
The chronic illness patient such as 1. tympanitis, heart disease, dermatosis, epileptic, red-eyed disease, reach cold, calorific, spirit all does not swim when tired, body is faint. Because not only easy aggravating illness, incidental still cramp, accident is insensible endanger life.
After 2. joins violent campaign, in cannot jumping into water instantly, swim, fall in the kubla khah of all over the body, circumstance that gives out heat all over especially, otherwise easy cause cramp.
3. is polluted (water quality is bad) river, reservoir, two race place, rivers are handed in collect place and fall old river is laky, all should not be swim; The Jiang He with water unidentified condition is laky and unfavorable swim; Soup, like thunderstorm, blow, also should not be below the circumstance such as weather mutation swim.
Take by accident toxic
3 kinds " poison " the commonnest
Civil: Chongqing medical university is accessary children hospital
White division of doctor of vice director of division of serious illness medicine
In recent years, children takes medicaments by accident or poisonous substances is toxic for one of common urgent disease, see more with the children before infant and school age. How can you just avoid effectively to take the accident harm of toxic be caused by by accident?
Agriculture chemical is toxic
Because take 100 grass by accident,we ever had been examined withered toxic child, it is more intractable that cure rises. 100 grass are withered belong to virulent pesticide, use at weeding, prohibit or already was restricted strictly to use by 20 many countries. Children takes two milliliter above by accident 100 grass are withered have life risk, it is right lung, hepatic, kidney, heart, enteron, skeletal, nerve can cause huge harm, be opposite among them lobar harm is the greatest, can bring about lobar fiber to change and appear breath is difficult. Once come on, mortality is extremely tall.
100 grass are withered this kind can let life blasted herbicide, without alexipharmic of specially good effect. Toxic hind urge as soon as possible spit, gastric lavage, pour have diarrhoea and blood to purify it is very important to wait to treat rescue to disease, but the rescue that admits hematic little patient in great quantities is led successfully extremely low. 100 grass are withered toxic it is more take by accident, also have air a large number of inspiratory case of illness, have the family of 100 careless withered pesticide consequently, had better arrange special cabinet or drawer to place, and lock, carry cap airtight, avoid to the child is taken by accident and produce tragedy.
Alcoholism
Alcoholism includes to be taken by accident excessive drinking is toxic, toxic reach brush bath toxic. Take by accident toxic and common at 3 years old of the following children, and excessive drinking is toxic and visible at teenage children. Alcohol basically damages central nervous system, make neurological function is mixed mussily restrain, serious and toxic person can bring about breath circular centre is restrained and paralytic and death. Children of long-term excessive drinking, alcohol has intense stimulative effect to enteron, affect normal food and nutriment to absorb, block up its normal growth development. In the meantime, when liver is having relieve internal heat or fever to alcohol, can delicate to children liver cell causes loss, affect its liver function. Consider to make clear, the alcohol that contains in wine can make the brain function of children, teenager produces change, bring about nerve development suffocate suffocate, affect its acknowledge and behavior ability then. Outside drinking to be damaged directly besides what cause to the body, cause children easily still other and bad behavior is dangerous even incident, wait like abuse of smoking, violent, drugs, dangerous sexual behavior, enlarge the harm of pair of children physiology and psychology thereby.
Face children to drink, want to hand the knowledge that endangers a respect about drinking through a variety of channel. Above all, the parent should understand drink the harm to children, from inchoate aggrandizement family education begins, show bright opposition to drinking behavior of the child manner, cannot have any indulgent or indifferent idea and expression, this is having important tie sense to children. Next, parents answers set oneself an example to others, establish healthy behavior model to children. Children lies grow development period, organ and each function is not all ready. Alcohol is right for them, be 100 kill and do not have one beneficial. Finally, alcohol brushs bath to drop in temperature also is the main reason of little baby alcoholism. Because little baby skin is puerile, when alcohol brushs bath, easy classics skin draws blood, consequently the parent needs to understand relevant knowledge, avoid undeserved operation to cause child alcoholism.
Medicines and chemical reagents is toxic
The medicines and chemical reagents in the home must be put in safe place, cannot let the child take get; Those who have a case, must build close. Once happen to be taken by accident, the parent is not panic-stricken. Want to pacify the child's mood above all, it is clear to ask as far as possible took what medicaments by accident, look after children in time on the hospital sees a doctor, take the puke of the bottle of jacket medicines and chemical reagents and child, so that assist a doctor,clear illness is reached have equal treatment.
Be aimed at the child's characteristic, should have kept all dangerous liquid goods, undertake to the child common sense is taught, tell the child what cannot be drunk clearly. In addition, parents should be stared at close particularly much move like to catch a thing to go to again the cheeper of a place of strategic importance in the mouth, otherwise, lead to tragic possibly carelessly.
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