1904, japan and Russia produced a battle, brigade arranges harbor to will be captured by Japan on December 20, obtained complete mastery of the sea. The worker of the factory goes on strike at that time, the worker held to fill heavy processional ceremony, processional worker and family member reached 150 thousand person.
These workers are to hope to come to the Russian czar petition at that time with processional means actually, requirement implementation is representative parliament, free education, eight hour working day, increase salary, improvement working requirement, but czar not pay attention to these workers, it is the warlike extremely urgent with Japan on one hand, the requirement that is a worker on the other hand too do not accord with actual, czar immediately expedited the soldiers and police. In behavior of this make trouble, 96 people by shoot dead, 333 people are injured, made appalling " bleed Sunday " .
Feburary 1905 the last ten-day of a month, after afterwards brigade arranges harbor fall, russian army was defeated by again in Shenyang encounter, casualty and be captured the number reached 120 thousand person. In June, in fleet of the Black Sea " wave general gold " date uprises, leave for Ao Desa to assist worker strike to move with all one's strength. Below this kind of circumstance, czar is forced so that do not have method by this group of workers removed an imperial edict, statement:
"I get a look bless, plan to absorb the person that by the morality of people election exalted, people trusts to participate in from now on discuss beforehand and enact legislation second reading.
Just, right now worker is in after having other force to assist, not contented, czar thinks he publishs a statement to be able to let these workers stop make trouble, but the ambition that he underestimated a worker apparently.
On September 19, 1905, the worker strike that capital Moscow produces begins to act more jump over intense, after a month, these workers begin to force the hypostatic domain collectivity such as traffic of government, railroad, bank to go on strike again, in the place that Russia was immersed in a domestic trouble and foreign invasion. The Russian work of this moment is not any more will decide by czar, the people that represents by the worker place of these make trouble however will decide, all industries went on strike, czar became empty shell of a nominal.
Situation of this kind of country makes czar must make choice finally, people should change the cry of constitutional system of government from time to tome, ask the influence of czar must be restricted by people place, although still do not abandon the brings autocratically prerogative below old period,be right now czar only, also can be forced to change only finally constitutional system of government.
Czar is helpless on August 6, 1905 promulgated " the imperial edict that establishs national Du Ma " , promulgated again at the same time " national Duma constitution " and " rules of election of national Du Ma " . These laws are establish actually of a constitutional system of government first body, of Russia for quite a long time czar is absolute eventually disintegrate, those who built a state conference and national Du Ma is bicameral, of state conference on the courtyard is controlled by czar, and next courtyards of national Du Ma are controlled by people.
A what kind of system is this?
National Du Ma is an orgnaization that collects requirement of people of proposal, feedback, and state conference is the orgnaization like a court, of people decision-making the examine and verify that the proposal that go up needs to pass state conference, give again next czar, what if state conference is mixed,national Du Ma all overrules with 2/3 majority is second reading cannot refer czar. State conference can overrule national Du Ma, need forms corresponding mediation committee, after the conclusion that mediates committee was discussed by national Du Ma, give again state conference, if cannot reach compromise, criterion this problem will return state conference.
Just, in the state conference hand that actually right now major power still appoints in czar, the worker thinks for national Du Ma of the representing next courtyards are an empty duty only, will force czar to release again on August 6 " enunciative on October 17 " :
"Grant with citizen freedom, enlarge constituency limits, gift legislative of national Du Ma, any law are approbated without national Du Ma do not get go into effect. Any law are approbated without national Du Ma do not get go into effect..
But, right now country Du Macai had real power truly, czar is not quite satisfactory the real power that national Du Ma enjoys on people life, to limit the power of national Du Ma, via state conference and country Du Ma agrees, czar before long hind published new edition " national fundamental law " :
"Any new laws cannot hold water without the approve of of state conference and national Du Ma, the approval that does not have czar cannot become effective. The approval that does not have czar cannot become effective..
