Shut disease oneself (Autism or Autistic Disorder) , a few scholars also call alone disease, the national effect that south and foreland suffer the use Chinese such as area of our country Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan and Japan, Singapore, Malaysia is more, say more " shut disease oneself " , northward medicine and special education group say more " alone disease " . The proportion that these two names use is similar, shut disease oneself opposite for gain ground more a few.
(the picture comes from a network)
Shutting disease oneself is obstacle of a kind of serious extensive sex development that has biology base kind disease, include a series of complex nerve development barriers, a general designation is shut disease pedigree obstacle oneself (Autism Spectrum Disorder, ASD) . Shut disease to come on before 3 years old commonly oneself, some patients are in 6~24 the symptom is behaved when the month, but it is normal to also have growth of patient early days, in 2~3 appear when year old fade travel sex change, so already some languages and social function are lost gradually.
The Americanism disease of latest edition diagnoses a standard (American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic And Statistical Manual Of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition (DSM-V) ) already incorporated the core symptom that shuts disease oneself it is two kinds big:
A, the society communicates the blemish that interacts with the society;
B, of confine, reduplicative behavior, interest or activity.
These two kinds of symptoms are divided respectively again for 3 class, 3 step are the most serious, one step is the smallest. Want the child to control occurrence socialization in 3 years old only obstacle, repeat and inflexible behavior or development are inchoate had appeared similar symptom of a trend, be diagnosed possibly to be shut disease oneself. People is called such child " the child of star " , they are just as ethereal star, one person a world, twinkle alone.
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The the United Nations General Assembly passed resolution in December 2007, since 2008, will annual was surely on April 2 " the world shuts disease to pay close attention to day oneself " , shut disease in order to raise people oneself to shutting disease patient to reach oneself relevant research and diagnostic attention.
From the sicken that shut disease rate year after year increases
Most person should be not new to shutting disease oneself, the commonweal advertisement about shutting disease oneself often also appears on TV. Some closer year increase in year after year from number of the patient that shut disease, incidence of a disease is higher and higher. According to estimation, the whole world has 35 million person to contract this kind of neurological disease about. China already exceeded 10 million from amount of the patient that shut disease, among them 14 years old of the following children exceed 2 million. Be in the United States, every each shuts disease children lifetime nurse charge exceeds 3.2 million dollar, all from the children that shut disease annual expenses exceeds 35 billion dollar. Current, our country still lacks the statistical data of this kind of government.
Nowadays, shut disease oneself annual with 20 much newer hair the speed of case of illness is in flying growth, before wanting to know to be in a few years, its incidence of a disease has only extremely one of, and had achieved 1%~2% now, the incidence of a disease of some countries is adjacent even 3% . The more developed country, incidence of a disease is higher. Accuse central statistic according to American disease, up to 2010, there is one person to suffer from ASD in every 68 people of American in children of 8 years old, and the report 2013 shows, in 6~17 year old there is 1 to suffer from in every 50 children in the child shut disease oneself, growth trend is very clear.
Shut disease oneself more partial boy, male sicken scale makes an appointment with 1/42, the 4~5 that is a female times. Additionally baffling is, living conditions is the more good, parental culture level is high, income is high, slant manage engineering course the family of setting, the child suffers from the probability that shuts disease oneself taller also. There are two in my kin shut disease child oneself, they perhaps are in charge of attending by person specially assigned for a task in the home, perhaps be sent interpose school, basically cannot go to school normally and blend in a society, also cannot live independently, lifelong need a person to take care of.
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Shut disease to had made children mind oneself kind the important disease that causes damage, the abidance as incidence of a disease is elevatory, will given family and society to bring huge economic burden continuously.
Regretful is, to shutting the pathogeny of disease oneself, people did not decide up to now. Think at present, shutting disease oneself is a kind of many element those who bring about is integrated proof, very much genetic element causes the happening of disease possibly with all sorts of environment elements, like virus infection, immunity lack of unusual, nutrition, heavy metal metabolizes disease of age of the unusual, parents when be born, parents.
Close disease account oneself sealed, environmental element is given priority to
Inchoate, people thinks to shut disease oneself is blemish of a kind of disposition, belong to extremely indrawn disposition, still go to hair cause of disease because of end on parental disposition, especially mother. As the development of research, people realises shutting disease oneself is the problem of nerve development actually gradually, the disposition that follows parents and educational means are irrespective. Again later, carry pair of research that shut disease twins oneself, people discovery shuts disease to be as high as 61%~90% in rate of sicken of the Communist Party of China of the twins that be the same as egg oneself, and different egg twins did not see apparent have ill case in all, and between its brother sister again sicken rate is in 4.5% the left and right sides, make clear shut disease to be put in genetic tendentiousness oneself.
However, regretful is the gene causing disease that also shuts disease oneself without discovery up to now, just discovered certain chromosome is unusual, if the chromosome such as 7q, 22q13, 2q37, 18q is relevant the mutation of gene is likely with shut disease to concern oneself. But mutation of wh some of which follows to shut disease to do not have immediate impact oneself, commonner easy with shut disease oneself promiscuous, often also behave have 4 kinds to shut the chromosome disease of disease symptom oneself: Brittleness X chromosome is asked for integratedly, nodal sex sclerosis, 15q times doubler body and disease of benzene acetone make water. Current, the possibility that already discovered and shut the gene related disease to amount to more than 200 oneself, wait like PRKCB1, CNTN4, CNTCAP2, STK39, MAOA, CSMD3, DRD1, NRP2, Neurexin1, SLC25A12, JARD1C, Pax6.
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Await so much choose gene, can explaining to shut disease oneself only is hereditary disease of a kind of polygene, in the meantime, the sicken rate that year after year raises also explains, shutting disease oneself is not a kind of pure hereditary disease, otherwise incidence of a disease won't year after year increases, maintain relative stability however. Shutting disease oneself may be one kind goes up in genetic easy perceptual basis more, the neurological development obstacle that causes by environmental element kind disease.
Environmental pollution, toxin
Insecticide, pesticide, additive and antiseptic these are not the material of biology different source that exists inside normal human body (Xenobiotics) enter system inside hind can cause harm to human body. If heavy metal is met,neurological to human body generation is poisonned. Research uses a kind of agent that send abnormal, if fight convulsion drug: Acerbity natrium of third the fifth of the ten Heavenly Stem (Sodium Valproate) the mother rat that processing is pregnant, discover acerbity natrium of third the fifth of the ten Heavenly Stem to make acid of third the fifth of the ten Heavenly Stem inside mother mouse system (Valproic Acid, VPA) , the offspring that VPA can bring about them appears similar shut disease symptom oneself, cerebrum development and action are unusual, last to manhood.
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Pregnancy influence
Come on from what shut disease time is 3 years old of less than normally, crucial period is before be born, period after occasional is born before long, this is the child grows the crucial period of development, get extremely easily the influence of outside ambient.
Consider to discover, all sorts of influencing factor during be pregnant affect nerve growth of the child likely, if conceive pregnancy uterus infection and pregnancy complication, contact,chemical material, environment is polluted, surround produce period it is certain to wait to be in with postpartum and healthy state the child rose to have the risk that shuts disease oneself on degree.
The environment that pregnant woman lives also can be affected fetal, serious environmental pollution increased to close the occurence rate of disease oneself, consider to discover, during be pregnant and the 2 oxidation nitrogen that spends at the Gao Nong in traffic air pollution is exposed the first year in child postnatal, PM2.5 and PM10 can increase the child to have the risk that shuts disease oneself. Pregnancy should take care especially with medicine. Medicaments is taken to may increase from the risk that shut disease during be pregnant, if pregnancy takes acid of the fifth of the ten Heavenly Stem of prescription drug third and Sa power much amine. Maternal pregnancy contacts cocaine and alcohol, virus infection and hypothyroidism raise the child possibly to have the risk that shuts disease oneself.
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If the mother contracts oneself immunity disease when be pregnant, will increase 34%~197% of the child from the risk that shut disease. The antibody of immunity of a few oneself that the mother produces can pass placenta, shed the cerebra with fetal classics, may produce long effect to fetal cerebra development. Accordingly, the healthy state that him foundation wants before proposal female is preparing to be pregnant consults a doctor, cured the disease that the influence bears the likelihood first be pregnant again.
Advanced age is produced child
Consider to discover, from the age of mother of the children that shut disease remarkable prep above contrasts group, and the patient that has 50% about once had had antenatal complication. The risk that bigger child has the age when parents bears the child to shut disease oneself is higher, and grandparent late childbirth also can increase the 3rd generation the child has the risk that shuts disease oneself.
Shut disease to suffer bacterium oneself - bowel - cerebral axis influence
Had told in front, alvine path is microbial form with alvine path " alvine head " with cerebrum two-way each other is connected, formed bacterium - bowel - cerebral axis (Microbiota-Gut-Brain- Axis) have link. Alvine head can affect central nervous system, affect the person's affection, acknowledge and behaviour then, and bowel amid has microbial possibility main effect. The disease of cerebrum, the disease of Jin Sen of disease of silent of sea of Ci of the Er that be like A, handkerchief and epilepsy correlation that having fixed rate with alvine path. Shut disease oneself not exceptional also, also suffer bacterium - bowel - the influence of cerebral axis. Be in early 20 centuries 60 time, scientists discover bowel bacterial composition and shut disease oneself correlation is had between behavior.
Suffer from the children that shuts disease oneself to be put in a variety of food problems normally, they are amiable to flavour, quality of a material the organic stimulation such as flavour is extremely sensitive, nag extremely to eating thing. Meanwhile, the alvine path symptom that shuts disease children oneself is apparent also. 2006, 2010, american 3~17 year old 7 times the proportion that has diarrhoea or colonitis from the children that shut disease is normal person. Of 61% at the same time from the children that shut disease companion has symptom of path of bowel of at least one kind of stomach, and all companion have the children of enteron symptom, affection problem is more serious. Specific for, there are 25% companions to have diarrhoea in having the children that shuts disease oneself, 25% companion have constipation, and gastric bowel inflammation affected what they pledge to nurture to absorb, plus carry generally feed, anorexia, their hidebound proportion is very high also.
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When shutting occurrence inflammation of path of disease patient bowel oneself, can cause strut of alvine path cell, cellular clearance greatens, cause bowel to leak (Gut Leakage) , bring about macromolecule material to be able to penetrate alvine wall enters human body, in addition, serious alvine path problem may accompany the damaged that bowel and ulcer, macromolecule material enters alvine talk more easily, enter haemal circulatory system, a few elements enter cerebrum through hematic head protective screen, those who affect brain is normal move.
Alvine path is microbial help human body is digested and can assimilate nutrient substance, they connect beyond the mark secrete all sorts of enzymatic kind, synthesis is certain weight of metabolization of human body of vitamin and impact of biology active material, control, model system of human body immunity and help to resist pathogeny is invaded microbially. The of about 70% material in blood comes from Yu Chang to, among them the young member material of 36% is by bowel of microbial generation.
The balance with alvine microbial path is crucial to human body health, once be broken,this kind causes the likelihood a variety of diseases evenly. Current, more and more research point out, alvine path is microbial with shut disease oneself the relationship is close. Research makes clear, tetanic shuttle bacterium can increase subacute of infection of gastric bowel path have the risk that shuts disease oneself, the likelihood is this kind of bacterium the nerve toxin that release passes into central nervous system through vagus, restrained nerve to give release character, caused what shut disease oneself thereby all sorts of behavior expression, and the symptom that the cure of bacterium of shuttle of the path that fight bowel can relieve alone disease.
From bowel of the child that shut disease microbial development is unusual
Actually, the cerebral development process of the development with alvine microbial path and children is synchronous. Alvine path bacterium of the baby group the growth that has oneself growth pattern, after the baby is born microbial gradually field planting, 1 year old or so, alvine path is microbial tend stable, similar or the left and right sides and 3 years old of adults are consistent. Human cerebra also has similar growth level. Path of bowel of 3 years old of or so since is microbial the crucial node of development, also be the crucial phase of cerebrum development, the nerve in cerebrum is when 3 years old yuan when the amount is maximum, double what gross can amount to adult.
(the picture comes from a network)
Inchoate research thinks, the baby is complete aseptic in uterus of the mother's body, as the development of the technology that measure order, also can detect in placenta microbial, these microbial possible early are with respect to field planting in child bowel path. Besides, be born what the different meeting of means brings about establish of infantile body decided at the higher level but not officially announced is microbial different, the baby of Caesarean birth and natural labor bacterium of its bowel path group difference is notable. Different be born the opportunity that means makes infantile contact microbial and position are different, cause the microbial existence difference of the field planting in alvine path.
Different feed kind also can cause microbial difference, the alvine method that mother milk feed and the baby that have recipe grandma use after be born is microbial form also put in notable difference. When the baby eats a mother to breed, can mix through the tit galactic the bacterium that wins a mother, and there is nipple every day when eating a recipe to suckle, essential contact is less than maternal tit, this makes baby cannot from the mother get inside body specific beneficial microbial. So, microbial the process that delivers a baby from the mother by block bring up the rear, the likelihood causes infantile health and cerebrum growth unusual wait for a series of problems.
The enteron symptom that shuts disease children oneself perhaps is by specific bowel microbial cause, and alvine path is inchoate of field planting microbial appear to be able to disturb cerebrum development very likely unusually, cause or promote offspring to appear from the symptom that shut disease. Occurrence symptom begins before in 1 year old from the children that shut disease, great majority comes on is in 3 years old of less than, this and bacterium of infantile bowel path group the time node of development process has similar sex, cerebrum growth need of the baby accompanies the likelihood the development with alvine microbial path and finish.
From the patient that shut disease distinctive bowel microbial
Current, researcher already appraisal gave a few kinds with shut the bowel related disease oneself the path is microbial, include shuttle bacterium to belong to (Clostridium) , bacterium of general family name is belonged to (Prevotella) , mucky coccus is belonged to (Coprococcus) , desulphurization vibrio is belonged to (Desulfovibrio) belong to with Sa spy bacterium (Sutterella) bacterium and white read aloud coccus (Candida Albicans) belong to. These bacterium are closing disease patient put oneself in another's position oneself inside with contrast normally group exist notable difference, and, door of bacterium of large on whole wall (Firmicutes) and draft bacillus door (Bacteroidetes) scale also with contrast normally different. So, we have enough reason suspicion to shut disease oneself is a baby inchoate bowel path is microbial development is unusual those who bring about.
(shuttle bacterium. The picture comes from a network)
2017, a research that comes from Italian agriculture biology and biology technology institute discovers, from bowel of the patient that shut disease microbial medium bacterium and fungus and health contrast group of existence difference. Researcher recruit 40 clinical diagnose the person that try to suffer from what shut disease (31 males, 9 females, average age 11.1 years old) , basis children measures a watch from the assess that shut disease (Childhood Autism Rating Scale, CARS) notch, in this 40 shut disease oneself there are 36 people to belong to in children shut disease badly oneself (CARS value>37) , in 4 people are belonged to, spend shut disease oneself (CARS is worth from 30 to 36) .
In addition, they still searched to it 40 health that the age and sexual distinction match suffer the person that try (28 males, 12 females, average age 9.2 years old) as contrast group. Pass DNA of extraction excrement and urine and undertake tall flux measures order, detect alvine path bacterium and fungus, result discovery, bacillus door drafts in from bowel of the patient that shut disease (Bacteroidetes) than contrasting the series is outstanding reduce, and door of large wall bacterium (Firmicutes) increase apparently with the ratio that drafts bacillus door.
Consider to discover before, door of large wall bacterium and the ratio that draft bacillus door raise level of the inflammation inside adumbrative its body taller, contract disease of inflammation sex bowel for instance (IBD) the ratio of these two kinds of bacterium in with fat person bowel is higher. In belong to a level to go up, no matter be,contrast from the patient that shut disease or health group, bacili of the Shuang Qi in alvine path (Bifidobacterium) , draft bacillus (Bacteroides) , mucky bacili (Faecalibacterium) the proportion that waits for a bacterium is higher. And bacterium of general family name (Prevotella) the proportion in from bowel of the patient that shut disease is very small.
In alvine path bacterium group diversity respect, mix from the group that shut disease contrast difference of group bacterium diversity is not big, but contrast from the group that shut disease and health group in alvine path microbial whole is formed on the difference is notable. The proportion that there are a few kinds of bacteria in from bowel of the patient that shut disease was reduced apparently, if bacterium of bravery of Alistipes, be addicted to is belonged to, Dialister, small bacili is belonged to, bacterium of handkerchief pull rod is belonged to, Wei Rong coccus, and bacili of the Collinsella in alvine path, strong record is belonged to, Dorea and lactic acid bacili are belonged to increase significantly. Mysterious is, lactic acid bacili belongs to this kind of common beneficial mushroom shutting bacterium of path of disease patient bowel oneself group medium proportion is higher instead.
Constipation is problem of ASD patient's common gastric bowel path, researcher compared constipation and talk of bowel of blame constipation patient microbial group. The Gemmiger in discovering bowel and rumen coccus (Ruminococcus) more, costive symptom is lighter, contrary, these two kinds of bacterium are less, costive symptom is heavier also, so, these two kinds of bacterium may have protective effect. Additional, bacili of rare family name belongs to large intestine dust / bacili of annals congratulate family name is belonged to and XVIII of bacili of shuttle shape gemma group the bacterium is more, alvine path symptom is more serious, the proportion of afore-mentioned bacterium in individual bowel path of constipation is higher also, showing these two kinds of bacterium may be " broken bad element " . Especially bacili of shuttle shape gemma, already many consider to confirm, this kind of bacterium is more inside the put oneself in another's position that closes disease patient oneself, among them, XVIII of bacili of shuttle shape gemma group it is the bacterium that can produce exotoxin and promotes inflammation happening, so, they may promote inflammation and the happening that shut disease oneself.
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What mention above is a bacterium, on alvine path fungus, two difference also exists between the group. As similar as the bacterium, mix from the group that shut disease contrast group form in integral fungus on existence is remarkable difference. False silk yeast is belonged to normal person tower above should be compared in from bowel of the patient that shut disease more than double. Already had research discovery, maladjusted meeting affects zoology of alvine path fungus to shut the happening of disease oneself, bacterium of beads of the white in alvine path is shutting disease patient oneself lift apparently inside body. Current, the main and theoretical foundation of the food that compares a kind of popular interpose to shut disease oneself passes control food and drink namely, try to restrain the hyperplasia of alvine path microzyme, alleviate then the symptom that shuts disease oneself.
Besides, have research discovery, alvine path is microbial especially the lactic acid bacili of certain sort, the aromatic hydrocarbon that can offer lubricious ammonia acid to derive suffers body to distribute system, exciting immunity system produces the immune factor such as IL-22 and IL-17, restrain the excessive hyperplasia of alvine path fungus thereby. Accordingly, future, the alvine line that can close disease patient in order to adopt a change oneself probably is microbial, restore microbial community the structure will alleviate or cure shuts disease oneself.
