When also having Zhou Chao of course, undertake to border district direct branch is sealed, by king is taking a person to carry a soldier, of course people the king that here tells is appellative, you also can consider as any vassal, but Qin Chao is different, an emperor's reign of the Qin Dynasty is real realized big unify, specific and character, qin Chao began to have a czar above all, what is called an emperor? Be Qin Shi emperor actually, be in after uniting 6 nations he calls Ying Zheng at that time of course, ying Zheng is in after uniting 6 nations, becoming aware this king or king this appellation cannot have shown he is exalted, with what honor should oneself appear before everybody after all because of what this calls together chancellery him discussion? A lot of persuade expostulate with, still have what peaceful emperor for example, do so that fry a meal with peaceful emperor like, what let appreciation of Qin Shi emperor most at that time actually is that 3 emperor 5 emperor take one word each, because this calls an emperor. Do not know today ah, now this 3 years of the university entrance exam 5 years imitate is also not be it is 3 emperor 5 emperor take one word to cry each 35.
This emperor ah it is a kind of honor that surmounted king actually, originally to come down surely at this point, substantially it remains the emperor, remain whole at that time Qin Chao 10 thousand civilian advocate. But this emperor and other and different place, depended on it adding rife is other system, the 3 Gong Jiuqing systems that a typical system is at that time. Actually alleged central official is made, early had before, e.g. prime minister in feudal China this official position, have the earliest, still have the prime minister later. Still have a look, have rife view, but be over it thoroughly in Qin Chao moment actually soil preparation undertook the system is changed, this bit is particularly god-given. And this kind of system is changed, , be the fractionize to photograph authority and photograph authority actually substantially break up. It is a kind of system that asks outstanding emperor imperial power is supreme, for example 3 fair, 3 fair it is He Taiwei of doctor of prime minister, drive history, among them prime minister nature is 100 officials is long, prime minister under one person over 10 thousand people, he is the leader of real whole official estate, and additional the authority to divide prime minister, qin Chaochao set doctor of a drive history again at that time.
Drive history doctor is deputy prime minister on one hand, additional on one hand it basically is in charge of censorial, be in charge of collecting each officials give the memorial to the throne that go up at that time, say so censorial 100 officials. And too Wei is the 3rd 3 fair a medium, too Wei basically is general affairs of responsible military affairs, actually too Wei has bit of top perhaps like present defense minister commanding officer, but the characteristic of the politics as a result of Qin Chao, his position is nominal, who to give without true orthogonality. And 9 dear, nine official is on 9 Qing Shi border. To now actually very does it's hard to say reach who nine official is after all? Because the argument is very much, historiography bound has a controversy, but a bit should give everybody the specification a bit, 9 dear above the official in having day already also has royal official, those who explain the country does not have cent 2 layers at that time is very fine, mix. For example Wei of the court of a feudal ruler is for instance the official in face, responsible judicatory, also have be in charge of royal Zong Zheng at that time is responsible and royal general affairs, 9 Qing Zhongguan member compare numerous and jumbled. This is at that time center official is made, core depends on dividing the hand that authority centers at the emperor, those who highlight imperial power is sovereign, on the place more famous, the system of prefectures and counties, actually business Yang political reform had been made with the county at that time.
But should remember a bit, the system of prefectures and counties is not only then Yu Qinchao, qin Chao just gives promotion him, turn the throughout the country, at least county this name ah early has, be in at least Qin Guo is to have county this name, where is what? Sichuan county is viceregal Li Bing, viceregal Li Bing repaired Sichuan army Jiang Yan, but this county and county are not fluctuation two class, county county averages degree, what the county points to is the place of convenient processing, or county of central around setting. And of county is those more out-of-the-way places establish county, such two class are parallel, do not have size. Formed county gradually later going up this kind of system that the county is leaving, and Shandong each country also installed county county respectively, county county and cent are sealed collateral, be after arriving when Qin Chao, ever in business had discussed whether should undertake dividing sealing? The Qin Shi emperor of believe in Legalists and Li Sai chime in easily, think to cannot be divided again. Accordingly countrywide general sets county county, delimit the world is 36 county, add 44 county again later, county is sent continuously in the center of prefectural officer, realized the imperial effective control to local political power so, the bureaucratic politics that is at that time replaces a of aristocratic politics important sign. Whole 3 Gong Jiuqing the system of prefectures and counties were broken thoroughly aristocratic the system of enfeoffment is spent at that time, more the basic structure of the political system that established 2000 old China.
Evermore all previous is in toward each generation continue to use this kind of system, but we should look conversely, have disadvantage actually, have, is the system of prefectures and counties spent what disadvantage is there? Below the productivity condition at that time, whether can control distant border district really this is a problem. There is method to control Shaanxi in the center of Qin Wangchao at that time, method controls Sichuan, method controls Henan, that to Shandong? Upper to Heibei? To Jiang Hanliu Where is region? Where is the ground to Wu Yue? It is an interrogation. Actually this kind of system can cause very big menace very likely, especially local menace, accordingly, be in inside a lot of books inside differentiate to Tang Chao after Qin Hanzhi for aristocratic times, what this noble does not point to is the noble below the system of enfeoffment, and those who point to is to expand gradually the local a family of power and influence that rise is great a group of things with common features. Time of government of the Qin Dynasty still does not have this danger, but begin to have gradually later, because order of place of central force short of always needs somebody to safeguard, so maintenance person is local a family of power and influence.
Perfected to territorialism again, local a family of power and influence also lost itself action gradually, disappear gradually, this is a very special and lengthy process, and this process from Qin Chao BC 200 after continueing to the Christian era all the time for years 900 old, the time 1000, but we must admit the whole reform of Qin Shi emperor is extraordinary success, it is complete the before the system of enfeoffment of processing is spent, make a country, emperor, regnant a the world this is first-rate germinant, and what did Qin Shi emperor still do besides? Still did additionally a lot of main businesses, e.g. him the car is the same as with course, book civil this is a very important thing, let whole the world, use a kind of gauge, archaic road is muddy, it is earthy road, if gauge is different so the car from the back is advanced without method travel in the rut of the car of the face, bother not only so and efficiency is low, and car of Qin Shi emperor is the same as the contribution with the largest course to depend on letting whole traffic carry more convenient, and the book is the same as civil prep let alone China begins to be used thoroughly same kind of character, china closes long separate branch surely long close to still can keep a nation circularly in this kind surely, the language that no matter we say,the reason depends on has how difference, but the word that we write is exactly like. We are saying with a kind of character whole East Asia is using a kind of written language even, you encounter a Japanese, although won't say the meeting with simple Japanese keeps the original complex form of a simplified Chinese character, both sides can communicate thoroughly. This is the glamour of Chinese Chinese character.
And remain still have build the impregnable bulwark, build gallop path. The edge that prevents northern part suffers from and the liaison man that promotes whole country. Say more, dry what is the Great Wall, a lot of people think the Great Wall is defence Hun, everybody thinks, great Wall, closing this to fine valley from hill custom is be bright Great Wall, we take bright Great Wall for, close to have so 10 thousand lis long probably to fine valley from hill custom, wh whichever dynasty can live how many person is in here close. Live e.g. us 100 thousand main forces, not little, 100 thousand main forces assign a li of talent 10 people, although 200 thousand main forces, a li of ground just 20 people. True can firm defend line of defence of whole Great Wall? Apparent cannot, actually no matter the Great Wall is us suppositional, still hold out actually to the minority defence of border land in reality weak.
The family takes 10 thousand people to tear open your Great Wall really, said to come in not to bar at all, what can block truly is a kind of person calls a businessman, bigger function depended on the Great Wall breaking Central Plains area to lead to the trade route of area of careless at that time place to internal resistance, the front line that bummer produces at that time, if without us inland is equivalent to carriage a lot of things, they are very good without method subsist, can control inland to arrive the commercial trade of border land, went up to also be controlled somehow actually live nomadicly with death. Do not see those bummer how arrogant and domineering, how can hit can sign war of be apt to, should know bunny forces still bite a person urgently, the family is hungry, ravenous will grab you with respect to the knife on brandish, without any other reason. Of course Qin Shi emperor did a more important thing to be called centralized money again, money of whole throughout the country is more mixed and disorderly before Qin Chaozhi, have gold coin, have schilling, arrive of course Qin Chao when, money of unified whole nation is centralized with coppery money of money of 5 an ancient unit of weight, circular square aperture regards the whole nation as the money, in the memory that this entirely reads aloud nature round place to permeate a person gradually, at the same time a kind of when circular Fang Kongqian also settled whole China money basic model.
What actually Qin Shi emperor can say to be China is unified and even made very large contribution at be the Chinese nation, we must want to notice this, but we also should know Qinguo is very ruined later fast, there are how many years after Qin Shi emperor is dead, below the do sth over and over again below Qin Ershi, move toward gradually ruined.
