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Coffee regards madder division perennial as Chang Luguan wood or Xiaoqiao wood, it is the economic crop of perennial of a kind of horticultural sex. General component is the lifetime of coffee tree these a few phase:
(one) seedling period
Seedling period is from the seed (or transplant a cutting, engraft) a paragraph of period that sprouts nursery stock gives garden (the phase of nursery grow seedlings) , about 0.5-1.5 year time. After coffee seed sows, the cotyledon after the bud course that passes period of time begins to come up out of land, want to pass 30-100 day about, the length between meantime and temperature and humidity have very big dependency. The grow seedlings in nutrient bag must move cotyledon seedling after bud, need 3-12 the month just can give garden.
(2) young tree period
Young tree period point to arrive from field planting this paragraph of time before put into production, about 2-3 year. The main characteristic of this paragraph of time is nutrition grows exuberant, can smoke stringy 6-8 every year to be opposite one ramose, grow with root, bine, leaf for the center, the part falls to expand quickly with the ground on the ground, form ideal plant construction, prepare for put into production.
(3) produce first period
Produce first period point to begin put into production to arrive this paragraph of time that teems with advent, coffee of this one period begins to enter reproduction to grow, coffee tree nutrition grows exuberant, nutrient demand is very big.
(4) teem with period
In produce first period hind 1-2 is entered or so years namely teem with period, coffee tree is general 3 ～ just can blossom 4 years, be in about annual 2 ～ in March, the exterior and odour and jasmine flower are similar, when blossomming, close unripe Yu Shuzhi submits bunch form, florescence 3 ～ 5 days. After the flower leaves, written guarantee a green small fruit, the maturity after a few months is erubescent make the ripe fruit that can pluck.
Mature fructification is cortical show red, because appearance and color and cherry are similar, a lot of places call mature coffee fructification coffee cherry (Coffe Cherry) . Below bright red exocarp, it is peel, pulp and a kind of sweet sticky yellow substance encase coffee beans.
Government can persist 30 years or so validly.
(5) consenescence period
Grow amount year after year drops, economic life draws near end, adumbrative move entered coffee tree consenescence period. Closely related its life accident and climate, soil, level of management, still hundred years ancient coffee tree can blossom and bear fruit.
Does coffee tree cultivate need what condition?
The country of origin of coffee tree is in African Ethiopia. Coffee tree is in botanical on, belong to the evergreen of subgenus of madder division coffee, and the coffee beans that general place common weighs, reconnaissance is the seed with coffee tree prolific place, resemble bean because of appearance only, be called so coffee beans.
Climate is the critical factor that coffee cultivates, coffee tree suits to grow in tropics only or semi-tropical, so abb of north and south 25 degrees of regions between, suit cultivated coffee most. And this coffee produces a region, call commonly " coffee is taken " or " coffee area " .
But, be not all is located in the land inside this area, can breed good coffee tree. Coffee tree optimal cultivates a condition to be: Temperature uprights the thaw between 15-25 ℃ , and rainfall of years whole must amount to 1500-2000 millimeter, at the same time its rainfall time, want what can cooperate coffee tree to blossom periodic. Of course, besides season and rainfall outside cooperating, have the soil of fat work even. Suit to help advance somebody's career most the soil of coffee, it is catchment good, the fat vivid soil that contains volcanic grey matter.
Coffee belt: Coffee can be not cultivated below any environments, because its are the plant that grows below selva environment formerly, in systematic growth, form need static wind, Wen Liang, be shadedby foilage or the characteristics of half be shadedby foilage and wet environment.
Temperature: Follow to the requirement of temperature help advance somebody's career phyletic and different, small-scale kind relatively cold-resistant, be fond of Wen Liang's climate, ask 19~21 spends year of average temperature.
Rainfall: Year rainfall is in 1250 millimeter above, distributing even, special in florescence and small fruit development period, have certain rainfall the growth of optimum coffee development.
Illumination: Coffee tree is not able to bear or endure strong light, need proper be shadedby foilage, illumination is too strong, grow be restrained. If add,sail upstream fat inadequacy, with respect to phenomenon of meeting occurrence premature senility, die even. Be shadedby foilage is excessive, branches and leaves is too long, beautiful fruit is exiguous, yield is very low.
Wind: Coffee likes static wind environment.
Soil: Coffee tree root system develops, absorb a root to distributing shallow, the loam that asks loose, fecund, drainage is good.
The most coffee on the world closes collecting is will choose with the hand, accordingly, close collecting coffee is one is expended manpower and seasonal concentrated process. Because go up to be able to have the presence of flower and fructification at the same time in same root branch, accordingly, the forefinger of the person that collect and big toe collect the optimal tool of mature bacca namely. The fructification that goes up with the hand will be whole branch is blown below, or be use automation collect close machine, cannot distinguish the bacca with maturity and acerbity blueness come.
The coffee that produces elementary coffee beans farming like to use economic and artificial method to collect bean, but come so, because character is not sterling, derogation coffee gust, reduce coffee rank. The method that Africa has some of area to collect coffee beans is to shake coffee tree, fructification shakedown ground, get hurt in fructification pick up goes up from the ground before rotting. Major area produces Brazil sub coffee, the method that these areas adopt coffee is all leaf on limb, flower, overheat and blueness acerbity fruit is picked completely, the time talent that the coffee tree that is cruellied kill so needs two years returns to normal.
These 5 are respectively:
1. peel, pulp (Skin/Pulp) : Of coffee beans the outerest wrap up is worn the peel with general bacca and pulp. Eliminate natural insolation doctrine beyond, inside a few hours after the coffee beans that handles via other method is plucking must purify peel pulp. Will tell to coffee, peel and pulp are important by-product. In certain place of production people can use the peel of coffee and pulp make tea. The peel that habit of the personage inside course of study weighs coffee and pulp are " confiture (Pulp) " , the machine that uses purify confiture is called " go oar machine " .
2. mucous membrane (Mucilage) : It is under peel and pulp, a quality of a material is ropy mucous lapping coffee beans closely. Because this mucous membrane is agglutinant great and candy component is extremely high, people habit says for " sweet (Honey) " . It is coffee not only, a lot of fruits are in-house with mucous.
3. lambskin (Parchment) : In mucous membrane interior, a film that forms by cellulose is lapping coffee beans. After classics is dry, this filmy exterior is exactly like lambskin, because this gets a name.
4. silver-colored skin (SilverSkin/Chaff) : There still is a thinner film to lapping in lambskin interior coffee beans. Because color is full of burnish and extensive has argent, people habit says for " silver-colored skin " . This silver-colored skin can fall off when bake. Normally you discover when abrade coffee some are made in coffee pink argent and drossy. These are drossy the silver-colored skin that fails to come off with coffee beans when bake just about.
5. coffee beans: Every fructification contains 2 coffee beans (except except of Peaberry of one pod Chan Lidou. The fructification interior of this kind of coffee contains beans of a coffee only. Normally the circumstance falls, the metropolis in beans of every batches of coffee has 5% is one pod Chan Lidou) . Coffee beans course is dry and bake can undertake after processing.
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