Civil / Cao Fei
Come to the office that Jiang Huan becomes, two one inscribe that the eye can see suspension go up in the wall. One is being written " be brave in to innovate, excel forefathers " ; Another is being written " achieve Shanghai to fly mark, tree world builds monument " , and latter has source quite with Oriental bright phearl. In those days, jiang Huan becomes what write on a brand that stands on building site of construction of Oriental bright phearl is this word.
River of expert of construction of academician of Chinese Academy of Engineering, notable project becomes be Oriental bright phearl happily to chair an architect, he ever held the post of committee member of countrywide the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, shanghai government adviser, shanghai division assist vice-chairman, the officer concurrent post such as the Tsinghua university, university that be the same as aid, Zhejiang university is taught. A lot of honor adds a body, and the style that he likes most still is " building fantast " .
In January 1963, jiang Huan is become from Tsinghua university civil engineering is fastened civilian build professional finish school, of the same age built design academy to report for duty to Shanghai Huadong in Feburary, till retire.
Besides Oriental bright phearl, the ground mark that Jiang Huan dreams to turn domestic and international a lot of city into the building him builds landscape. 1995, he is chaired designed 558 meters tall Indonesian Jakarta " Asian giant " tower, still be one of the world's top artificial structures up to now; 1999, he chairs complete of 420.5 meters when optimize a design tall Shanghai Jin Mao edifice, it is at that time Chinese inland the first high-rise... additional, in think of south the Shanghai such as odeum of center of exhibition of residence, Shanghai, Shanghai is famous in architectural nap, protection, also have his figure.
Turn one's head the career of structural project profession of this 50 one's remaining years, jiang Huan is become ever had said in many circumstances, oneself " place so that appear on the stage face " have two things only, was to design Oriental bright phearl, 2 be made some of design field optimize and innovate.
Oriental bright phearl is his best innovation work.
Its break free from conventions, with the most concise mechanical structure play gives highest efficiency, make its enough counteractive earthquake of 12 class typhoon, 9 class; Vacuums of 3 giant shape of steel structure pellet part suspension is apart from the ground in tower rice and 112 rice, 295 350 meters headroom, build a Bai Juyi of Tang Chaoshi's person " the lute goes " in " big bead small bead fall jade dish " artistic conception; Although total height achieves 468 meters, did not take up however how old land area, in very little earth the Shanghai of very little gold appears commendable, managing land, saved investment, raised safety factor... the place of a series of innovation, when making its are building namely by outside intermediary praise for " what new Shanghai rises abruptly is indicative " .
So, is building of mark of this Shanghai ground how be designed and how be designed and build? At the moment this floodgate that 80 years old of old people opened memory...
The picture on useless paper gave sketch of Oriental bright phearl
News watchs on: You are total stylist of Oriental bright phearl, whether the course that introduces to design plan to give heat?
Jiang Huan becomes: To the design of Oriental bright phearl, I am first and last participator, had thrown the job before program series throws the job even. 1985, I become Hua Dong courtyard chief engineer. We receive the job at that time, want to build a television tower to regard urban land as mark in Shanghai, fan Yuteng flies to the international wind that should reflect a Shanghai the implied meaning, and extraordinary.
At that time, domestic brother city has had many television tower, wait like Wuhan tower, Beijing tower, Tianjin tower, Shenyang tower. They have to be nodded jointly, it is odd cylindrical shell of bottom the next, tower is above. Somebody evaluates this is " chimney + sugarcoated haws on a stick " combination. If Shanghai also depends on calabash to draw gourd ladle, OK and affirmative is, won't make the mark that reflects Shanghai to fly. Accordingly, when making plan, the passes structure, framework namely innovation that we ponder hard will break through a tradition " chimney + sugarcoated haws on a stick " mode.
January 1986, I begin to collect a data, the A cloth that learned Canadian design especially plunges into the plan that compares television tower to design. In September, I am preliminary drew plan of bundle of canister cut canister, take plan draft to Ling Benli of designing institute architect to look. Get the influence of Kuwait water tower and structure of atom of Belgian world rich, what Ling Benli likes sphere particularly at that time is concise and dinkum, every his cut in plan added a ball on the top of the canister, also change tower into the ball. But just drew a string of ball at that time just, specific how get on ball confluence to the design of the tower and did not think carefully. Later, after attending a meeting a few times again, I drew a function to establish a range, drafted assignment certificate, regard creation as the foundation.
Jiang Huan becomes the concept of structure of tower of Oriental bright phearl of hand draw to pursue
News watchs on: Later how does the design come out draft of that 3 cylindrical shell?
Jiang Huan becomes: In Shi Renhua east below the leader of courtyard dean Xiang Zuquan, a few architect participate in the design of plan together at that time. So I say all the time, oriental bright phearl is the crystallization of wisdom of collective of Hua Dong courtyard, contribution cannot calculate in me on one poll. There still is Dr. Meng Jianmin at that time, he is in Hua Dong courtyard is sufferred from in room of a labour suddenly think 3 days however from beginning to end breakthrough of have no way. When I go seeing him, extend 3 finger to him, means can consider 3 cylindrical shell. Meng Jianmin be overjoyed, had then original the plan of 3 cylindrical shell. But modelling conception of Meng Jianmin is Lu Sheng, namely one clump bamboo grows from underground, rise successively, become 6 from 12, become 3, become 1 again. This had 3 3 cylindrical shell, tower " Oriental Lu Sheng " plan.
After Ling Benli saw plan, change 3 tower into 3 sphere again, later farther bottom many vertical stroke to much cylindrical shell changes 3 diagonal brace. And of Oriental bright phearl shape finally, it is Ling Benli, Zhang Xiulin, Xiang Zuquan discusses on the train allegedly come out, at that time, ling Benli gave sketch in the picture on useless paper.
Evaluate within an inch of of the bright phearl on the meeting to die young
News watchs on: The revolutionary innovation on a kind of such structures and framework, with the building at that time the level looks, very should difficult practice?
Jiang Huan becomes: Yes.
August 1988, hua Dong courtyard is handpick 5 plan bid, name respectively for: Oriental bright phearl, Bai Yulan, explain, jump arched roof, fly to future. 3 4 still has civil courtyard plan that bid, plan of wide report courtyard. Add in 12 plan are sent wide report bureau to be located in the acoustic image room of Yue Yang road, the opinion is sought in the cadre inside the bureau, undertake the first round selection.
Allegedly, they fall down at the same time almost at that time apt supports Oriental bright phearl. But in the evaluation later, come out again the message says Oriental bright phearl is put in two major problems, it is diagonal brace bad construction, 2 it is sphere goes against technological equipment to decorate. Consequently a lot of people apt is other plan. Even still evaluation expert thinks, with at that time make a standard, china builds tower of an Oriental bright phearl far from possibly.
To this, we are very anxious, it is for plan not just can win the bid, afraider Shanghai builds to wait for similar work with Wuhan tower, Tianjin tower, Beijing tower again, that makes Shanghai ground bid hard. Then we explain to construction unit, of Oriental bright phearl " diagonal brace " structure, can take two kinds of ways: It is with prefab the steel that assembles type basket become framework, with it condole hangs pattern plate to pound concrete; The 2nd is erect beat concrete, next heel is put on straight canister to rectify irrigate node. Later, construction unit was chosen as expected among them a kind, they become the trailblazer of diagonal brace structure. In the meantime, I also report the case of sphere to technology expert, return the way that sends a letter with people, add a deputy mayor to write a letter to the Zhu Zuo ji's mayor at that time and Ni day, elaborate the principal port that television tower modelling indicates to the city.
Council is designed in tower of Shanghai broadcasting television, oriental bright phearl, eternity and UFO 3 plan all are by expert appraise sth through discussion excellent program, recommend plan of Oriental bright phearl to be the executive plan of first consideration.
News watchs on: How do later pass evaluation?
Jiang Huan becomes: Evaluation expert shares 51, almost on conference of every time evaluation, everybody thinks " Oriental bright phearl " model is original, just create difficulty too big. Till later, the Gong Xueping that director of bureau of Shanghai broadcasting television holds the post of when said a crucial word: "Shanghai must have have the courage to think the drive that dare make. Shanghai wants this tower that build, it is one exceeds groovy, the tower that won't regret after 100 years. " everybody also thinks, because create difficulty,cannot kill a good program greatly.
Wu Liangyong academician at that time is assistant group leader of building expert group, to plan of Oriental bright phearl, he still cited an ancient poetry: Big bead small bead fall jade dish. This period is judged, to the action that make the finishing point reaching since Oriental bright phearl, have greatly " the building is caky music " feeling. Really, 11 balls are shared on tower, there still are 4 spherules on the ground, as white as Tang Chaoshi's person house is easy " the lute goes " artistic conception is very apt.
On March 4, 1989, on enlarged meeting that holds in members of standing committee of Shanghai municipal Party committee, plan of Oriental bright phearl by final establish. Then, had today's Oriental bright phearl.
Construction of Oriental bright phearl is complex, did sphere slant?
News watchs on: Arrive from plan specific project, of Oriental bright phearl is building a course what kind of?
Jiang Huan becomes: On August 27, 1991, made the first pile on September 1 namely a few days ago, I what build project assistant general director as Oriental bright phearl, the design group that leads to be comprised by 30 people namely is garrisoned the spot. The work shed of drawing office takes the abundant by building site and route, I established a big sign in the doorway, submit a written statement to a higher authority " achieve Shanghai to fly mark, tree world builds monument " . Additional, I still hang the picture of big bridge of iron tower of dust humble Er, the Statue of Liberty, golden gate and Sydney opern on the wall of drawing office, regard us as the target that overtake.
This one target got coming true later. The first foreign country magazine that publishs Oriental bright phearl " Construction Today " (build now) , along with cover published 5 printed sheet in all, one begin rivals Oriental bright phearl and world-renowned building photograph, say " Paris has iron tower of dust humble Er, london has tower, shanghai has Oriental bright phearl " .
The working environment at that time is very poor, go to work the following day in the morning, a thick dirt is cheated on drawing board. There still is not computer drawing device in those days, the circle that gives 100 meters of diameters for the picture is planar, stylist still bends over to go up in big drawing board, design used plumbic feet picture with railroad. Later, when Ni Tian adds a deputy mayor to visit us to drawing office, still said very if encouraging us: "Jin Fenghuang flies off in careless nest! "Jin Fenghuang flies off in careless nest!!
In those days, jiang Huan is become drive toward tower of Oriental bright phearl to build building site by bike everyday
News watchs on: Build what problem to encounter in the process?
Jiang Huan becomes: Built course encountered all sorts of difficult problem. In problem of a few catastrophe, the most difficult is those 3 diagonal brace, diameter 7 meters, 100 meters long, show 60 degrees of horn to hold a building in the palm. So tremendous concrete cylindrical shell, at that time the world is built history going up still is head bout, this also is plan when evaluation, a lot of experts are loving the main reason that dare not choose it however at Oriental bright phearl.
In April 1992, the relevant staff that builds a tower visits Europe together, visit abroad's advanced television tower on the spot. When going to Paris, the investigation group is arranged to visit iron tower of dust humble Er, the Xiekeming of drawing office obtains inspiration from inside iron tower of dust humble Er, recall new measure eventually. Nevertheless this method needs to increase 3 million yuan of RMB. Rely on the Oriental bright phearl that loan builds, each minutes of fund has calculated, increase 3 million yuan, it seems that unlikely. But diagonal brace is honest to Oriental bright phearl too important. Not bad, got be approvinged especially later.
Additional, construction program halfway cannot have commonly too big alter, but Oriental bright phearl for excelsior, had performed an operation twice " " . Altering for the first time is the big pellet below Oriental bright phearl, original design program is 58 meters to be apart from the ground. In those days, from thither outside the beach looks at the cylinder straight tube that has built, always feel some are low, somebody offers, have a likelihood to improve the position of this big ball 10 meters. I pass careful consideration, below the situation that does not affect a structure, promote big ball from the ground 68 meters. After increasing next sphere, added bottom space, allow a construction again unplug on the line of sight tall a lot of, appear slender.
The 2nd " operation " it is to alter capsule, carry the small pellet of the layer on the head namely. Roundlet ball diameter has 13.8 meters only, with its a few his big balls are compared, not quite into scale. May increase a diameter? But every increase the diameter 1 meter, want enlarge to gain a few tons of weight, if sphere is not propped up,fall down, consequence is unimaginable. Finally, my cipher out is most and OK augment goes to 16 meters. Now " big bead small bead fall jade dish " the effect appears more well-balanced.
Tell a conte even here. To the choice of glass of Oriental bright phearl, we suggest to use originally shallow glaucous or silvery white glass, can appear a few more refined so. Nevertheless, when be reported to Gong Xueping, he asks: "Still have other option? " I say to still red can consider. The gules lane of large nevertheless area is bad to can appear very Philistine. Finally is red of choice of Gong Xueping clappers. We chose the most shallow red in sample later, after building, be accepted by most citizen really and love.
News watchs on: Allegedly, also hostage doubt crosses the position of sphere.
Jiang Huan becomes: Here has a small episode. 3 cylindrical shell and pellet besides 3 front view, it is prejudicial it seems that, have kind of not firm feeling. At the outset, ni Tian adds a deputy mayor to also feel when the model that observes Oriental bright phearl the tower tilts a bit. Because,this is, look from a certain angle, be together when coincide of two diagonal brace, the meeting on the vision feels the tower falls downward, this is pure belong to illusion. For this, we choose bottom diagonal brace, do not hand in on straight canister, hand in between two straight canisters however, such dangerous outside sphere direction, diagonal brace supports tower put oneself in another's position, can improve not stable feeling.
As expected, after Oriental bright phearl builds, a lot of people mirrorred construction to make a mistake, sphere is built slanted. Put forward even international friend to suspect even: "Construction of Oriental bright phearl is complex! Sphere slanted! Sphere slanted!!
Later, or when the Zhao Qizheng that holds the post of Shanghai deputy mayor helped us solve surround, he says to look from different point of view, oriental bright phearl is different: "This is metabolic beauty, be just as bottle turn the star moves. " after more than 10 years, once I come up against him when attend a meeting, mention again this thing, say he is commented on well. I still take out my calling card, let Comrade Zhao Qizheng write down this word. He promised to write not only come down, still indicate in fine: "Zhao Qizheng said so 1994. "Zhao Qizheng said so 1994..
I also am observing Oriental bright phearl all the time later, want to be able to see 3 canisters only, even if the canister from the back sees little only, the feeling that slant is almost negligible.
Of England " Construction Today " the message that the magazine carries tower of Shanghai Oriental bright phearl the earliest (5 layout) , rival she and iron tower of Er of Parisian dust humble and photograph of London tower bridge.
News watchs on: Shanghai ground bid is made after bright phearl building eastward, is because,you feel main what?
Jiang Huan becomes: Above all, optional location of Oriental bright phearl is chosen well. What do not know for masses place is, tower location has several choices at that time, besides show location, still include static install and other places of square of park, people. Present tower location, face the beach outside Pu Xi, people comes from corridor of 11 line of sights clear and visible, include Nanjing road, Beijing road, Chinese opening sequence, 9 rivers route, south highway of river of Suzhou road, Suzhou, yellow Pu Jiang, century. Additional, be called by folk " the first turn of Asian " Yan'an wears the beach outside the road high to issue full line turn round to come over to also can see, impression letting a person is particularly deep.
Additional, the structure innovates. When introducing Oriental bright phearl, often have a few such words " perfect modelling, unique structure, the mark that makes Oriental bright phearl becomes Shanghai " . This takes Oriental jewel of diagonal brace giant dimensional frame structure, it is the biggest breakthrough drop undoubtedly, it and one integrated mass of 11 bright phearl, had today this already perfect distinct effect.
Of course, successful also have a regret, as a result of,include Oriental bright phearl 2 period the construction of the project, in the beach outside Nanjing road tourist attraction of this one optimal view, had lost sight of the panorama of Oriental bright phearl now. Additional, in those days the center of tower of Oriental bright phearl is Pudong park adventure playground. The tower of the Oriental bright phearl that for this we design it is brae greenbelt, extend to four distribution. On the hill that the tower resembles be located in the park in that way, it is an organic whole with Pudong park be in harmony. Regretful is, now Pudong park scarcely answer exist, already was swarmed by the building such as APEC news center.
News watchs on: You still struggle in building domain at present, offer a few new concepts, new structure, new technology ceaselessly, still put forward " celestial small town " conception.
Jiang Huan becomes: Enter 21 centuries, urban progress is quickened ceaselessly, land natural resources is more precious, high-level building is taller and taller, increasing, the high level that brings from this builds general efficiency not tall " the city is ill " more and more outstanding also.
Nowadays city construction uses the land rarer and rarer be short of, want to solve this problem, need " Xiang Tian rents the land " or " rent the land to the ground " . After that person more be to one's profit. In view of this, I put forward " celestial small town " conception. The core concept of this one conception depends on " perpendicular facilities is municipal change, the high level builds much stratification " . Perpendicular facilities is municipal change mean join elevator and subway station, form " perpendicular road " , improve moving efficiency; And the high level builds much stratification -- build the high level group with platform join rises, adopt platform, can go perpendicular and public transportation, community is built in platform interior, whole structure forms an a wide place in the road. Also can improve traffic to have a problem so. I run in countrywide each district the innovation that introduces my is designed now, hope conception can become reality, benefit at the person.
