Pizza inclined tower, opened the women of the new society of Italian tourism almost.
If not be this tower, your estimation does not know to have pizza this small town.
With " enchanting " figure, it attracts the tourist that comes to 10 thousand about a hundred every year.
Do not pat a piece " pretend to help tower up " hit card to illuminate, feel oneself come in vain Italy.
Nevertheless, itself of pizza inclined tower still does not need the unnecessary care of tourists really.
If want to choose the strongest structure on the world, pizza inclined tower must on a list of names posted up famous.
Although its tower is inclined but very firm however, be it came to the most absorbing place 100000.
Be located at the area that an earthquake sends more, tumbledown 800 years, but it is stand erect does not fall.
Since 1280, pizza inclined tower experienced the blow of earth shake 4 times at least, among them magnitude still achieved 6.0 on the Richter scale.
One considers to think recently, pizza inclined tower can resist the ability of strong shock results from the protective action of loose soil.
The term of this kind of effect is " interaction of dynamic soil structure " (DSSI, dynamic Soil-structure Interaction) .
Simple for, the pliability photograph of the height that is pizza inclined tower and stiffness and foundation soil is united in wedlock, created this structure shake character to be amended considerably.
When the earthquake will raid, tower can not follow an earthquake and produce intense resonance, its shake extent the conference is smaller than the ground much.
Nevertheless, this true still it doesn't matter is very proud.
Because of pizza inclined tower tilt to remove soil with tumbledown same disaster.
From famous degree in light of, people misunderstands meaning of pizza tower hereat very easily to be become to tilt by the design.
But in fact, its tilt to result from completely error of project of a century.
Review its history, namely most the correct an error of surging forward with great momentum history, true · rots 200 years end, building of 600 years of danger.
Light builds this tall tower, with respect to the time that spent a few acting engineers nearly 200 years.
But of stranger flower still is, common people still spent 600 years to try unexpectedly its " help up " , everybody fears this danger building can topple at any time.
Miraculous square
With " upstart " come the Italian pizza before appearance is millenarian has not been been.
1063 loot after the island in cc, pizza person began costly wind, preparation makes " miraculous square " .
And pizza tower criterion only then built 1173, the action of expect is belfry, service at the most grandiose at that time pizza cathedral.
So original design is 8, tall type of arch of couplet of garden form colonnade builds the 54.8 style of rice.
Although did not happen later,tilt, it also will be Europe most one of belfry that fix eyes upon.
Of course, the design at the beginning of building a tower also is straightforward up.
It is start working 5 years only hind, ability build arrives when three-layer, tower has begun crooked, deviate true path makes an appointment with 0.25 degrees.
Nevertheless, this already was pizza person can expect those who think of is sequential it seems that, they also won't worry overly to this.
Because be more than 1000 years ago, whole world nobody care foundation misses firm issue (Portland cement is to be in what invented 1820) .
Besides, pizza inclined tower also is not pizza city inside exclusive a tilting building.
This results from the situation of pizza city how terrible, belong to wadi deposit Campagna, earthy layer is loose and foundation is exceeding inhomogenous.
For example, "Pizza " the name of this small town, originate in Greek " marsh " .
And again heavy marble makes pizza tower, the ground of a side cannot support this weight at all.
The old map of pizza city
Need alludes here a cold knowledge, first pizza inclined tower tilts north, the Xiang Na that is not nowadays tilts.
Contemporary analysis thinks, be the viscid pink tract with larger presence of tower radical south is brought about tilt happen.
Be in so contemporary engineer in the eye, pizza tower does not happen tilt to just can calculate really " miracle " .
In the 4th finishing hind, the project is temporary shutdown, the reason is sealed * .
When alternately century, who is we connect the stylist with this first tower it is not clear to still be done.
* notes: A view is stylist method corrects this kind to tilt and must not cry quite, another view is the war between pizza and Foluolunsa and interrupt.
This shutdown lasted fully a many century.
Till 1272, the Italian just heartens the decision picks up tower of this sodden end again.
Tower had tilted north in those days about 18 centimeters.
To compensate the central deviate that has happened, the engineer still makes designedly its to turn over direction to tilt.
Be in for example south Jiagaoshi expects, adjust bearing of column fat thin and the thickness that changes wall system.
However, this can not change its to tilt.
When be being built to the 7th to 1278, tower backhand changed a direction to tilt, from before day north becomes Chao Na.
And repair through this, tower is askew more.
So here still needs to mention a cold knowledge: Pizza inclined tower is more than it is inclined, it still resembles the turn is like banana.
See this state, engineers dare not flaunt his superiority naturally, remain last building to do not have a lid to go up to be forced again shutdown.
Days is fleet, had crossed a century again.
Till 1372, eightfold bell room just eventually formal and finishing, and this still builds the 8th layer of purpose northerly.
This chooses little time and just fail make vigorous efforts to turn the situation, of whole tower tilt instead again aggravate.
Finishing when, cat head center already line of center of deviate tower body full 2.1 meters.
Experience so much nevertheless second dozen dozen stop, also be a fault on the right side.
Have scientist speculation, be shutdown hundred years, the tower that just conserved to tilt can stand erect does not fall.
Below weigh, the earth layer of tower bottom is out of shape aggrandizement, make its bear intensity increases somewhat.
If not project is made stop, the loose soil end the tower perhaps is met cannot bear the weight of whole tower and flat.
Last a period of time is close two centuries, the job building a tower of a marathon type announces an end eventually.
But the complete of pizza inclined tower, did not bring to pizza person smile happily.
Below the action of gravity, its gradient still is changing every year gradually big, everybody is fearing it can topple one day.
Then of inclined tower be as long as 600 years " help up " history, begin formally.
More of one disaster after another is, pizza inclined tower still has the tendency that sinks ceaselessly.
To 19 centuries, it had sunk 25 centimeters, most next already deeply embedded in loose soil.
How should that do? Always cannot pull out it come.
Then the engineer changes a train of thought with respect to the plan, come to the clay gouge all round foundation.
So, the bottom of pizza tower can see light again.
However reality very bone feeling, ability excavate before long, a large number of seeper begin to flush.
Everybody did not think of this when those tower radical can be complex so far, besides loose outside, subterranean water level is in a meter under the ground.
This mining project makes vigour of pizza inclined tower is hurt greatly, tower tilts again at a draught full 2.5 centimeters.
Nevertheless this has not been over, after a century produced similar tragedy 1933.
And only then the person that make tomb figure is the Buddhist nun in all alone of Italian dictatorial Chinese ink.
"Indicative Italy is built brilliantly in former days, how can you be an inclined tower? How can you be an inclined tower??
Then Mosuolini the means that life person uses form a vesicle, try aggrandizement foundation, let its no longer dump.
Be entered by the fill of little when 80 tons of cement when tower radical, groundwater flushs again.
This error, directer brought about tower to tilt again 9 centimeters.
Return future to must reach correction measure, world War II erupted.
World War II is medium nevertheless, pizza tower is lucky however.
All Italian belfry basically are ground to make the same score crunch by allied forces at that time, the reason is the fortified point that these tall towers make De Jun more easily.
But, alone is the brightest the pizza inclined tower of the eye can escape by the skin of one's teeth.
After World War II passes, · of that American soldier Lyons that acts under orders to wreck pizza inclined tower Weikesitan (Leon Weckstein) memory path:
This is a how beautiful white building, I ate the heart of compassion at that time.
Si Tan of Lyons · power gram cares about big profit battlefield
Hide so that cross the gunfire reaching the sky of World War II however, pizza tower however cannot of withstand years destroy.
Even if without those pig teammate, its tilt trend still year after year is increased.
But pizza inclined tower is a life ought not to absolutely, to 1987 it collects world bequest directory in.
This old and barpque inclined tower, became the central issue of the whole world at a draught.
In those days, the banking angle of pizza inclined tower already amounted to 5.5 degrees.
Draft this one dip in computer upper mould namely when, tower is essential also have not a leg to stand on, toppling is mysterious really.
The engineer is forecasted, tilt according to this trend, this tower estimation sees the sunshine that is less than 21 centuries.
The heart of whole world people was gone to by condole voice eye.
Then, saved committee of international of pizza inclined tower to hold water formally 1990, help up contemporarily planning open.
They got program of nearly 1000 correct an error immediately, the expert of the whole world makes suggestions to save inclined tower in succession.
But this still did not find the most effective program, can adopt only a few temporarily measure.
Live with bundle for example tower, this can raise the stiffness of tower itself already, alleviate tower interior craze, can defer again of tower body tilt.
The consolidate project of band of this prestressing force annulus ends in the construction end 1991, also be a pressing need that settled inclined tower.
Of course, this also is expedient stopped, inclined tower is badly in need of more comprehensive protection.
Begin from 1993 then, more than 600 tons of lead piece were piled up in succession the boreal side of inclined tower (tower tilts the another side of inclined direction) . Can form a powerful suffixal force so, firmly ground captures the tower that is about to topple. This also is called " caboodle carries hurried heavy law " .
Mere a year of time of 4 months, of tower body tilt to stop unexpectedly, even first to turn over direction to return do all one can.
The deformed lead that makes an Italian indignant piece
But the problem is, these plumbic piece caboodle is honest beside tower too ugly.
As Italian one's very life, pizza inclined tower can greet countless visitors every year, always cannot " with ugly show a person " .
And original plan is to want what these plumbic piece removes, but engineers returned concern to have another problem.
Want to know the soil below weigh can produce creep, its flexibility and intensity can become strong. If spring back strength is too great, it is after plumbic piece evacuate, pizza inclined tower can topple possibly at any time.
In view of the place of this be in a dilemma, the group rolled out an eclectic new plan: Join with 10 anchorage lever underground of development of boreal side foundation, in order to replace so the ballast of plumbic piece.
Next, a disaster happened. In September 1995, can weighs history of pizza inclined tower to go up " black in September " .
Preamble has been mentioned, the subterranean water level with pizza exorbitant area is a big trouble.
Think will senior anchorage staff is buried, must control groundwater.
Absorb the experience of associate with, construction group believes thought up a subtle move: The whole foundation that uses inclined tower of liquid nitrogen general is refrigerant rise.
But what they did not consider is, the bulk after water is frozen can expand.
Then, foundation produced terrible arch to rise.
Tower body and earth are lying between an ice between body now, whole pizza inclined tower resembles impending move same.
And refrigerant one end, these ice can melt immediately aperture, inclined tower sinks quickly.
This also brought about banking angle to spend increase quickly, the interior of tower begins fission.
Did bad thing kindly, present holder is muddled.
These days tilt degree is 5.5 centimeters, comparable past portion of a year.
In those days, engineers were forced to transfer quickly stone of 300 tons of lead, press in boreal side.
Add 600 original tons to load, full 900 tons of megalith, just eventually the tower tilt delay come down.
Experienced this disturbance, whole world be furious, the project is stopped.
Inclined tower also is shut temporarily do not open to the outside world, tourist again also cannot close quarters observes pizza inclined tower.
Do not pass dramatic business, happen in this most yield the hour of person despair.
The brushwork of 9 years old of children of an Italy, became unexpectedly whole the blueprint that delivers inclined tower plan.
Look at this picture, engineer Professor John Burland of inclined tower project thought of that permanent help up plan -- the earth side of inclined tower north draws out one part.
Such soil in can sink, make tower automatic answer.
Say interesting, this method is in ever had early 1962 put forward, but because settle on rises " do not have technical content too " and be overruled.
Do not have the plan of technical content so namely however, produced surprise effect however.
Professor John Burland
In Feburary 2000, 41 canals that take land deeply embedded tower base.
Meanwhile, a few tightwire surround bind inclined tower 2, pull tower to collapse in case north.
To 2001, inclined tower is helped up nearly 40 centimeters, gradient already restored the about to the front of 130 years.
Subsequently, pizza inclined tower is new also practice, open to tourist again.
Inclined bore draws out sketch map of type of cubic meter of earth
Because of historical confine, pizza inclined tower the one's previous experience with very good neither one, choosing to design from foundation is history dragon of on one big black.
But the progress as a result of the times, the difficult problem that delivers inclined tower also is obtained greatly get the better of completely.
Should not appear only the natural ingredient that cannot fight, the inclined tower that passes repair predicts to be able to continue again stand erect does not fall 300 years.
If the opportunity arrives personally in front of it,visit, hope everybody can treat this softly " thoroughly tempered " inclined tower.
Troublesome attention nods assist and transmit, acknowledgment has you all the way!
