Why you are so assiduous, still learn however bad?

Ask a question first: When you are learning a skill or a knowledge, how to do?

For instance, wanted to take an exam immediately, are you the do a crash job of make effort at the last moment that has type of a kind of force-feed duck? When reading a classical book, are you apt is read repeatedly? Reading times, do you choose to practice some course centrally?

If your answer is: Yes, then I should tell you possibly, of your method inefficient.

Be in " cognitive nature " in this book, the author summed up the efficient principle that how learns with many research case count, ask an attention, this book is not the viewpoint like those best seller, for example Geladeweier " alien " medium " 10 thousand hours of formula " , consider to summarize the law that come out through count of a lot of case however, if you read those who cross Ailikesi " practice painstakingly " , you can discover this book is actually " sedulous exercise " upgrade edition.

Be in " cognitive nature " in, the author points out:

So far, no matter be in what domain, when people is learning a skill or a knowledge, apt reads textbook repeatedly, hand-in-hand travel practices centrally, this is a kind of means of efficiency lowest actually.

Because, repeat read and practice can producing a kind of illusion repeatedly, think oneself are more and more skilled by accident, think oneself had mastered knowledge, but actually, short of of this kind of method has a good command of truly, also won't produce abiding memory, just expend time in billow.

Is that correct study pose after all what kind of?

The author thinks, with read this kind to review methodological photograph to compare repeatedly, after-thought fact, concept, or incident will be more effective, this kind of method is called to retrieve type study. At the back, you still can see for many times retrieve study, still have removed practice of course, thrust deep into the enemy forces practices, diversification, think over etc, but if if say this book wants to give out,having principle of an efficient study only, that retrieves type study namely.

What is the essence that I think to the person never has thought our much to learn? Change character, how to just calculate real learning after all?

Leave in the book piece discussed a case:

What did this case tell us?

The knowledge that explains we want to let acquire and skill are in brain at any time on call, when the problem is being encountered after ability is in quite, clarity of train of thought, and solve a problem in time. Because become you,aboard gives trouble that momently, it is to do not have time to consult of the data, also let your Baidu without time, the knowledge that in relying on your cerebra only, masters solves a problem.

So the essence of the first study is, the knowledge that should let acquire masters truly, form conditional reflex. Encounter the response that engine malfunction makes like Matebulang, emergency of processing of cycle racing hand is same, truly ponders, take action below conditional catoptric drive. Want to reach stage of this cultivate land of course, need ceaseless memory, practice, repeat.

Exercise and reduplicative method, also be to have cultured, we are not used usually, however this book author emphasizes all the time --

Retrieve an exercise, interval repeats.

Be in early 1885, psychologist Ai Binhao this studying " forget a curve " , forget a curve to tell us, the thing that acquire or hears, 70% meetings are forgotten inside short time, and the 30% meetings that leave are forgotten slowly. So the one big challenge of ameliorative study method interrupts forgotten process namely.

Studying statistic through much a case of a physically strong patient running a high fever or suffering from such disorders as stasis of blood, writer summary gave this method. Retrieve an exercise to be able to learn knowledge more solidly, it is far good that the effect wants read at repeating, additional, want to achieve optimal result, must repeat for many times retrieve, and retrieve between should have interval. Because, in the process that repeats memory, conduce to consolidate memory, at the same time aggrandizement is used at retrieval nerve loop.

A large number of case also are listed to prove this result in the book, for example, let a student read a paragraph of script in textbook, choose one part person to have an examination next, let them retrieve the content that memory has read, the case is recalled in what inspect them after a week, the result shows, the student that the student that has accepted an exam takes an exam than was not being received remembered the content of 50% more.

Again for instance, researcher lets students hear a paragraph of story, the name of 60 objective is involved inside, a batch of students attend exam immediately after had listened, the result shows they can recollect a content of 53% , after a week, this one scale drops 39% , another group of pupils study the data of just the same, but do not attend exam, after a week, can recollect a 28% content only. Go further, still a group of students have test 3 times, one week later, can recollect a content of 53% .

Say so, retrieve exercise comparing to be read purely more conduce to memory, in the meantime, retrieve training it may not be a bad idea at for many times, have removed retrieval especially.

To this conclusion, in my student times, have experience greatly, when going to school, I have a pretty good habit, the knowledge that acquired that day, sure in the evening should review, review again on the weekend next, and when be being reviewed every time, always look at catalog to have memory. Say so, resemble the history, biology, geographical, those need memorial course, achievement always is pretty good.

I forgot this kind of method is acquired from where, anyhow result is very right, I do not know this kind of method previously why effective, until read " cognitive nature " hind, I discover so this is the study method that proves through research.

No less than opens a place to say, if you had been read " practice painstakingly " , you can discover " cognitive nature " it is actually " sedulous exercise " upgrade edition. (Ps: About " practice painstakingly " book review, does the detail click Everyman how to cast off commonplace trend outstanding? )

Why so say?

The author thinks: Frequent concentration practices can producing short-term memory only, but subsequently and the fast involuntary discharge of urine of generation is forgotten be not taken seriously by people.

For instance, the force-feed duck type before the exam learns centrally, common saying says even if, make effort at the last moment, this is a kind of effective method really, but after taking an exam, major content had been forgotten.

This is not the correct pose that learns knowledge, should try educational sequela however.

Again for instance, we attend now those groom battalion, 21 days of nurturance are used to such as, 7 days teach you institutional PPT... , the effect is affirmative some, but time is maintained very short however.

So opposite at practicing painstakingly, " hind practice painstakingly " should be what kind of?

The author offerred 3 his point of views: Interval practices, exercise of thrust deep into the enemy forces and diversification practice.

Above all, removed exercise makes knowledge stores firmlier, because new knowledge is deposited to need a consolidated course in long-term memory, in this process, the psychological token in cerebrum gets strengthening, rise with foregone connection, this process needs to count a hour, count a day even.

Next, when having two above or study of many themes and skill, thrust deep into the enemy forces practices wanting to surpass concentration to practice. The face involves the knowledge related cerebral science here, cerebrum is coriaceous on have cell of a nerve, functional area is different, they arrange combination to become each not same associated function area with different kind, activity of this one section, another area rests.

For instance, if let you carry the one word of the day on the back, how are you met? The likelihood carried 3 two hours on the back not to go down with respect to the back, but if you carry English of 3 two hours on the back, go making maths of a hour again, carry English on the back then again, the likelihood won't carry no less than going to on the back.

This namely why high school period, we can learn 10 hours above one day continuously, learn language literature maths, learn maths to learn English, learn English to learn physics... ;

The school can arrange such syllabus without which: Zhouyi learns Chinese, maths of Zhou Erxue be used to, zhousan study English...

The 3rd, diversification practices comparing Yu Jian's odd concentration to practice, need expended mental more, the psychological token that makes up is more agile, suitable scope follows extensive. An example specification lifted in the book:

On gym, a group 8 years old of old child practices wrap shoot a basket dene, a group of students practice in the place that is apart from 3 feet, another group of students are in 2 feet far with 4 feet far place practices, after 12 weeks pass, test, basket is placed in 3 feet place. Experimental result shows, shoot a basket is the most standard is to be in 2 feet far the child with 4 feet of far exercises, and in fact, they never practice in 3 feet of far places.

Say so, the range with diversification applicable exercise is wider, the thing application that because it can leave a kind of scene,acquires goes in other scene.

1) the desire knows newly, neglect old job first

When we learn new knowledge, want to forget something first occasionally, often forget a few contradiction, with the memorial clew related old memory, such ability rise memorial clew and new knowledge connection.

This are very fathomless, but very important.

For instance, the knight-errant novel in Mr Jin Yong " Tu Long leaning on a day is written down " in, zhang Sanfeng imparts Zhang Moji too extremely the clue of sword law.

So, want to learn new knowledge, must forget as associated as photograph of complex old knowledge clew.

Of course, what say here forgetting is not complete forget, however intermit uses memorial clew, the purpose is not to let them answer recall to come easily.

2) remember more easily, remember not easily more

Psychologist discovery, knowledge or skill are retrieved more easily, be remembered not easily more. Contrary, you are retrieving on the time of expenditure and energy are more, knowledge is remembered for a long time more easily.

This actually not fathomless, having is so say, cannot get be in forever disturbance. Get easily the more, be cherished not easily more. Feeling also is such, the love that gets easily, its firm sex is worth controversy.

3) " benign interference " can promote study the effect

In our acknowledge, think to if disturb,go against study only normally.

But be in " cognitive nature " in, the author points out, the interference of some kind of type can bring a few profit to study, and can harvest surprise effect sometimes.

For instance, the article with a normal composing and the article with an ambiguous composing, most person is willing to choose to read for certain former, but read the result with respect to its for, latter memorial effect is better, because, have faintness when page text, or it is font appreciably when some identify hard, people can the content of the article since better memory.

Again for instance, occasionally, study setting is trying to change in the individual's much one place, memorial effect will be greatly different, resemble reading period, in early study by oneself in scheduled time a flock of people read and the one feeling that the individual reads is different, our great grandpa Mao Zedong, when once reading a book, look technically to market.

Such as is disturbed this kind, we say for " benign interference " , this kind of interference won't disturb study not only, can enhance study result instead.

4) failure is the one part of effort

In our acknowledge, fail even if deny to oneself. Failure represented you to was not done good.

Can think in the author, occasionally experience fails, the effort with more inexorable when facing a risk ability, failure is the one part of effort.

When inventing bulb like edison, face the attempt that made 10000 times to still do not have a success, edison says: I did not fail, I just discovered 10000 kinds of improper material.

Be like again, qiao Busi is mentioned in the speech on the Stanford university commencement 2005, 1985, he 30 years old was fired by malic company, but factual proof, he thinks to be fired to be the best thing that experiences in his lifetime by malic company later. Because he entered a paragraph of period of the richest creativity in him life from now on.

In the last part of this book, the author gave out we a few study are politic. Here, I sum up:

Retrieve an exercise: Retrieve knowledge and skill from inside memory, did not read repeatedly again.

As the student, when reading textbook or research classroom note, from time to time stop, add up to submit a written statement to a higher authority to ask his originally: What is the core idea that a moment ago acquired? What is the correlation between concept and concept? How should I understand? Anyhow should remember knowledge through retrieving.

The Fan Dengceng that Fan Dengdou book meets introduces the study method when he reads, before taking an exam every time, take the empty white paper of one magnify, retrieve oneself next the knowledge that to this course this semester place masters. Often take an exam achievement be among the best of candidates.

To us, the place that retrieves an exercise actually a lot of, for instance, often someone says, after reading a book to perhaps read article of date of a public, without what results, can use at this moment retrieve an exercise, after can trying to reading an article, abstract 3 points to come out, is not to be read be over namely.

Additional, I suggest everybody reads a postscript strongly, write a bit thing to come out, because be in written process, with respect to need you retrieve your control to this book circumstance, sometimes what you think you master is very good, actually, that is a kind of illusion.

Interval repeats: It is to point to namely retrieve in two period of time should be lain between between the exercise.

When reading before like me, that evening sure review the knowledge that learns today, still can review again on the weekend next, effect of this kind of memory remembered knowledge well below my incognizant circumstance. I have experience greatly.

Interval repeats, its science basis also is a basis psychologist Ai Binhao this " forget a curve " and come, which phase forgets at most, be in which phase reinspects all alone again.

Thrust deep into the enemy forces and diversification practice: Thrust deep into the enemy forces and diversification exercise are a kind of efficient method that exchange a head. Research makes clear, method of these two kinds of exercises can raise those who handle an issue to differentiate degree.

Resemble, the example place that chooses in the book says, in 2 feet far the student with basket of 4 feet of long shot, their achievement feel well is in all the time the student of basket of 3 feet of long shot.

Finally is to think over. Thinking over is method of very important a study. Because review confluence retrieve exercise and interval to repeat. In think over, we should ask ourselves: In what is the place done well? What thing can be done weller? What does need learn? What strategy should use?

Finally, character of place of the author in book of no less than:

We try hard, it is the capacity that because of effort itself can extend us, the business that you do decided you can become what kind of person, decided what do you are capable, the business that you do is more, the business that you can do is more also. Want to maintain a kind of state of mind that grow only, you can be benefited personally eventually.

And the optimal shortcut that study is effort, studying a method is the optimal spouse of study.

END

Read a book: " cognitive nature " , author [beautiful] Peter C. Brown / [is beautiful] Henry L. Roediger III / [is beautiful] Mark A. McDaniel

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