On August 12, 2015, the clearly of accident of chemical plant explosion of Tianjin harbor is in eye, disastrous, be in a few days ago, factory of Jiangsu noisy to hydrate produced explosive accident, dead number rises to 64 people. Accidents of chemical plant explosion, bitter experience teach us: Must learn how to prevent in chemical operation and should happen to turning defence works incident.
Small today make up taking everybody to learn together: Danger turns means of the reason that tastes leak, processing and explosion proof measure.
Danger is changed taste leak accident reason
1, can light aeriform leak
The discharge outside can burning gas and air form volatile gas mixture, cause explosive accident easily. Flammability gas leak has the following kinds of cases:
Conduit of equipment of sealed place leak corrodes the activity of equipment because cut off the water supply,leak water is sealed, did not add valve of conduit of equipment of leak of water released gas from pastry blemish or rupture cause leak2, content of the oxygen when the system is produced exceeds bid
Oxygen content exceeds mark to may appear in many place, but basically center in the post that make energy of life. Normally because operate error, systematic blemish, operation of violate the rules and regulations, break oily cut off the gas or call the police to chain unit is out of order and be caused.
Oxygen content exceeds mark to may be exceeded make gas station range and in desulphurization, commutation, compress wait for place happening, should cause take seriously.
3, the system strings together gas
The system strings together gas to basically have two kinds of cases:
High pressure strings together low pressure, form super- pressure explosive air and can light gas to be strung together each other, form chemical explosionBecause operate what error and low pressure do not have safe accessory or safe accessory malfunction causes,before one kind of circumstance is mostly, if synthesize high pressure to string together explosion of chamfer of low-pressure liquefied ammonia, synthetic high pressure strings together explosion of system of low-pressure second birth, etc.
Because pattern plate takes an error,a kind of circumstance is mostly after, replace blind board with valve or operate error to cause, be like some equipment get angry, air is inside, because the system did not use blind board segregation, flammability gas is entered by valve leakage or error opens valve, make flammability gas enters get angry facility, mix with air cause explosion.
4, get angry of violate the rules and regulations
Did not obtain evidence of get angry exercise, without safe consciousness, although privately get angry obtains evidence of get angry exercise, but not displacement is complete or sampling way is wrong, get angry safety precaution considers analytic result mistake not, system of not comprehensive get angry and other system unfinished keep apart the safety precaution to privately of card of get angry exercise changes a safety precaution or change get angry time completely not displacement get angry or did not maintain pressing get angryDanger is changed taste leak lash-up to handle measure
1, scattered with segregation
Producing, store in carry process once produce leak, want to enable lash-up product to prevent to diffuse above all, back-to-back move wants scattered have nothing to do personnel, segregation leak pollutes an area.
If be combustible,explode easily a large number of leak of chemical, must dial for a short while " 119 " call the police, request fireman comes to help, should be protected at the same time and dominate good scene.
2, cut off igneous cause
It is particularly important to cut off igneous cause to be handled to chemical leak, if leak content is tinderbox, must eliminate leak to pollute all sorts of fire causes inside area instantly.
3, ego defends
The chemical property that the member that attend leak handler answers leak and reflective character have sufficient knowledge, want to undertake handling at altitude and windward place, want forbidden and separate action, there must be guardian beside.
When necessary, cannon of applied squirt, water is done covering; Want the property that tastes according to leak and poison contact form, choose proper protective equipment, strengthen lash-up to handle individual safety to defend, casualties or toxic accident produce in preventing to handle a project.
Respiratory system defendsInvade human body through respiratory system to prevent poisonous and harmful material, should defend according to what different situation chooses to differ implemental.
Big to leak chemical noxiousness, concentration is higher, and anoxic circumstance, can use aerobic respirator, air respirator, type sending wind to grow tubal mask to wait.
To chroma of the oxygen in leak environment not under 10% , poison chroma another decides the circumstance inside limits, can use respirator (poison chroma is in 2% use segregation formula below respirator, chroma is in 1% use direct formula below respirator, chroma is in 0.1% use below gas defence guaze mask) .
Dustproof respirator can be used in dust environment.
The eye defendsBe harmed to prevent an eye, can use chemical safety to defend glasses, safe face guard, safe blinkers, safe shield.
The body defendsBe injured to avoid the skin, can use coverall of protective clothing of protective clothing of adhesive plaster of face guard type, adhesive plaster of the type that connect the garment, balata, prevent poison to permeate coverall, breathe freely model gas defence take etc.
The hand defendsDo not suffer harm to protect a hand, can use balata glove, emulsion glove, acid-proof alkaline glove, prevent chemical glove to wait.
4, leak control
If leak happens in producing use course, want to be below unified command, through closing concerned valve, cut off the equipment that is linked together to it, cop, suspend operation, or the leak that the method such as change technological process will come to to control chemical.
If be container happening leak, should according to actual condition, adopt measure jams and mend rift, check farther leak.
Besides, want to prevent leak content to diffuse, disaster and the building all round, car reachs a crowd, in case do not dominate leak opening, must deal with in time leak content, rigor is surveillant, prevent fire explosion.
5, of leak content deal with
Of aeriform leak content deal withWhat lash-up processing personnel should do is stanch leak only, if possible sentence, should use reasonable ventilated make its diffuse unapt accumulation, or sparge shape water makes his liquefacient, redo is handled later.
Of liquid leak content deal withTo a few liquid leak content, usable sandy soil or other do not light sorbent adsorption, collect within container junior travel is handled.
Spread everywhere after many liquid leak diffuse, collect processing hard, can use embankment is intercepted or drainage arrives to be nodded surely.
Evaporate to atmospheric to reduce leak content, usable bubble or other covering undertake enclothing, in its the surface is formed after enclothing, restrain its to evaporate, undertake transferring handling after that.
Of solid leak content deal withUse appropriate tool to collect leak content, rinse the area that is polluted with water next.
Measure of 10 big explosion proof
1, basic measure
(1) control combustible:
Deposit the storeroom that has substance of risk of fire, explosion, use fireproof structure, prevent blaze to spread; Reduce can ignite gas, vapour and dust the chroma inside library area, make do not exceed highest allow chroma; Always property can the article of interaction, deposit apart.(2) isolation air:
Isolation air stores a few chemical and combustible article, if sodium is put in kerosene, phosphor is put in dry water, 2 vulcanization carbon closes with water deposit etc.
(3) cleared catch fire source:
Cleared catch fire source, adopt segregation igneous cause, accuse lukewarm, ground connection, avoid sunshine of lamp of explosion proof of thunder, installation, keep out, prevent combustible to receive bright fire or temperature raise and on fire.
2, bright fire control
Dominate the overhaul or construction scene catch fire source, include attrition of bright fire, concussion, natural calorific, electric spark, electrostatic scintilla to wait; Prohibit using bright internal heat in the library area that has risk of fire, explosion; Because special situation needs to undertake the bright anger such as report, gas welding works, should handle get angry license; The combustible, combustible of area of cleared get angry is qualitative; Configure fire control equipment. Personnel of get angry construction must hold card mount guard.3, chafe and bump control
In support features, pump kind in moving, those who keep good is lubricant, be clear about in time adherent can light bilge; When carrying Cheng Youke to light container of metal of gas, combustible liquid, prevent to be bumped each other, cannot throw, lest make a fire because of producing beautiful or container is dissilient and cause fire and explosive accident, personnel of pass in and out cannot wear the shoe that takes a tack. Assemble and unassemble, when carrying, light light discharge, shock-proof move, bump attrition, weigh and dump.4, natural calorific control
Oily dishcloth, oily bombazine cause on fire disaster easily, should load metallic container inside, place put refuge and clear in time.
5, electric spark control
What use inside library area basically is low-pressure wiring, often can produce the faint scintilla on the arc discharge of short time and contact, low to needing ignition energy can light dust of steam of gas, combustible liquid, explosion to wait constitute hazard, so electric equipment and its layout should choose explosion proof model.
6, electrostatic scintilla control
The likelihood has some of friend to feel electrostatic is bagatelle, do not put on the heart.
Be off base! Electrostatic the most serious can cause combustible combustion, explosion, small to needing ignition energy can light gas or vapour especially serious, in have benzine, benzene, hydric wait for a place, should special attention is electrostatic harm, personnel of pass in and out should be worn antistatic coverall, velocity of flow should be controlled when conduit is carried, the place of electrostatic ground connection with bulk chemical due and reliable tanker undertakes detecting calling the police waiting to resistor of electrostatic ground connection, whole system should restrain electrostatic generation or derive quickly electrostatic.
7, other fire source control
Avoid sunlight point-blank, configuration drops in temperature accordingly measure; Indoor storehouse shuns high-power spotlight long roast, use cold light source; Fire of ban on opium-smoking and the opium trade fathers inside library area; Taboo may produce the bearer of scintilla to provide; Forbidden use not the mobile phone of explosion proof.8, those who prevent blaze and explosive wave is patulous
The action of block ammunition plant is to place blaze change to enter equipment, container, pipeline inside, or constituent blaze is patulous inside equipment, conduit, commonly usedly safe water is sealed (196) block firearm, one-way a powerful person.
Enter combustible explode easily the carriage car of library area should undertake " 3 card " check and add cover of outfit fire prevention, area equipment of small-sized fire prevention.
Press to taking store establishment, pressure release device is the important and safe device of fire and explosive prevention, include relief valve and blow up piece and put empty valve.
9, other note
Store when not stable olefin, 2 olefin due defend the measure that gets together oneself, because get together oneself,the process can give off heat, increase the dangerous sex of fire, explosion.
Can use demonstrative device, be like: Pressure is expressed (liquid gas stores etc) , thermometer, fluid plan with exalted warning apparatus (can ignite liquid storage tank) etc, regular examination or calibration, calibrating.
Additional, coal tub area still should be installed avoid thunder, antistatic device, detect every year.
10, lash-up equipment
In the key place of incidental fire, explosion installation can light gas to monitor device of system, fire alarm and liner spray of put out a fire automatically (compare water mostly because of liquid chemical light, the put out a fire that use water can bring about fire limits to enlarge) , scheduled maintenance or test, demarcate, equipment rescuing material should have explosion proof function.
Be aimed at material of different keep in storage and reserve requirement, make meet an urgent need beforehand case.
Danger · driver
