Grape room withered disease withered disease of renown grape axis, grape sodden bowstring is ill, grape spic withered disease, grape bead withered disease, basically reach spic axis to kill fruit bead, fruit to straighten, happen serious when also can endanger blade. Basically happen in and other places of Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu, Shandong, Heibei, Liaoning, Guangdong.
[main symptom]
Basically reach spic axis to kill fruit bead, fruit to straighten, happen serious when also can be kill blade.
Fall victim of handle of spic axis, fruit, initial stage produces a circle to come first elliptic dark Brown to grey black ill spot, cave a bit; After expanding, ill spot winds spic axis or fruit handle a week, bring about ill ministry the following organization is sere, fructification grows suffocate suffocate, fruit bead begins molten, then brings about fruit face to produce furrow; Drying shrinkage of bead of later period fruit becomes deadlocked fruit, remaining falls off not easily on plant.
Spic axis sends disease form
Fruit bead comes on, the later period in producing Yu Guosui to grow more, form ecru for the center with fruit the base of a fruit first homocentric round of grain shape ill spot, sometimes annulus lines is not distinct, ill spot expands after, fruit the base of a fruit dehydrates shrinkage, fruit bead decay becomes Brown, ill spot surface comes loose bead of unripe black bit (cent gives birth to spore implement) , sequential bead drying shrinkage becomes dust-colour deadlocked fruit. Ill fruit spic is hanged on tree tendril to be able to not fall for a long time.
Fruit bead comes on earlier symptom
Fruit bead comes on later period symptom
Blade comes on, it is first rufous circle blob produces on face of blade, expand gradually after, ill spot brim is shown Brown, central hoar, bead of unripe black bit comes loose in the center of later period ill spot.
[feature of cause of disease]
Phase of sexual of bacterium of cause of disease is bacterium of carapace of grape bursa Bao, belong to ascus bacterium inferior the door. Asexuality phase nods bacterium for big bine, belong to know bacterium partly inferior the door. Bacterium of cause of disease forms ascus spore and cent to give birth to spore, form of ascus carapace flask, foreign pear form, the diameter makes an appointment with 200 μ M, make an appointment with 180 μ M high, neck minister makes an appointment with 80 μ M, constant 2 or 3 group unripe. Ascus has double deck wall, cylinder form or staff state, size is (× of M of μ of 63 ～ 92) (M of μ of 16 ～ 25) , colorless, have side silk. There is 8 ascuses spore inside ascus. Ascus spore form of elliptic, cylinder or spindly, colorless, single born of the same parents, size is (× of M of μ of 15.3 ～ 24) (M of μ of 6 ～ 9.5) . Cent gives birth to spore implement globose or close globose, bury partly be born at host skin, size (× of M of μ of 104 ～ 320) (M of μ of 80 ～ 240) . Dark Brown. Cent gives birth to spore elliptic, spindly or cylinder form, much end is blunt, also have a tip, colorless, single born of the same parents, have grain, size (× of M of μ of 16 ～ 24) (M of μ of 5 ～ 7) .
This disease is tall diseases caused by dampness of a kind of high temperature is killed, hypha grows comfortable lukewarm 35 ℃ , because this high temperature after fructification is chromatic is rainy and damp,conditional benefit is mixed at coming on popular. Cent gives birth to spore to be in 28 ℃ of 24 ～ via 4 hours of bud. Ascus spore is in 25 ℃ 5 hours also Ke Meng is sent. The bacteria suits lukewarm be restricted 40 ℃ of 9 ～ , 35 ℃ of 15 ～ can come on.
[come on the rule]
The bacteria gives birth to spore with cent implement it is with ascus carapace on ill fruit or ill branches and leaves live through the winter. Between the 2nd year May, cent unripe spore and ascus spore give birth to spore from cent respectively implement with ascus come loose inside housing piece, borrow harships to transmit the harm on the grape, the first time invade catch ill spot of be caused by to be able to produce minute of unripe spore before long, undertake be invadinged again catching, invade again when the condition is appropriate catch OK for many times happening.
[hair cause of disease because]
(1) high temperature is rainy: Grape room withered disease is belonged to high temperature, tall wet model disease, air temperature is when 35 ℃ of 15 ～ all can come on, but with 24 ～ 28 ℃ come on the fastest. North produces an area to will enter red-letter day of high temperature much monsoon September in 6 ～ commonly, 7 ～ will come on in September most, accordingly, fructification grows rainy moisture is helpful for later period high temperature disease happening, fructification is close to autumn to come on more easily more.
(2) breed reason: Difference of the disease resistance between breed is apparent, grape of Ou Ya system feels more easily ill, if longan, rose is sweet,wait. The grape that America fastens is like Italy, Jin Xiang, Hei Huxiang to wait relatively disease-resistant.
(3) manage extensive: Field branch is too close, situation of administrative extensive, tree gloomy of feeble, orchard is my wait for an environment, disease happening is heavier.
[method of prevention and cure]
(1) choice disease-resistant breed: Each district can help advance somebody's career according to what differ the disease-resistant breed of series of means choice America.
(2) reasonable density, scientific clip, right amount keep a branch, reasonable and laden, maintain hale the way corp is growing, improve field illumination condition, reduce the air humidity of microclimate;
(3) turn over improve the soil greatly, deepen vivid earth layer, development of stimulative root system; Add apply organic fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and microelement fertilizer; Reduce the dosage of fertilizer of element of quick result nitrogen appropriately, increase the disease-resistant capacity of plant itself.
(4) eradicate pathogeny of live through the winter. Meticulous clip, cut spic of only ill branch, ill fruit and cirrus; Bury greatly keep clear of deciduous leaf, in time ill incomplete body, undertake be buryinged greatly or burn down; When eye stirs meticulous spray 50Be lime sulfur + 100 times 5 chloric phenolic natrium eradicate bacteria of live through the winter;
(5) choose cover establishment without film of drop disappear mist, establishment inland face accumulates ground film to enclothe in the round, notice ventilated platoon is wet, reduce humidity of the air inside establishment, make control of air relative humidity is in 80% the following, restrain spore bud, decrease invade catch;
(6) fruit spic is covered bag, eliminate a bacteria to be opposite of fruit spic invade catch;
(7) notice catchment prevent waterlogging, the seeper between forbidden heat Ji Tian, or ground Shi Ougen, lest cause plant feeble, cause disease happening.
(8) drug prevents and cure
Can spray before grape bud 5 Baume degrees of 3 ～ lime sulfur, bacterium of cause of disease of cleared and field live through the winter, reduce invade first catch a source;
Before wearing on the grape, can spray following drug undertakes protective:
75% 100 bacterium are clear but wet sex powder 600 ～ 800 times fluid;
50% much bacterium are clever but wet sex powder times fluid of 800 ～ 1 000;
Bacterium of 70% methylic sulfur is clever but wet sex powder 500, times fluid of 1 000;
Zinc of 70% Dai Sen manganese but wet sex powder 600 ～ 800 times fluid, reduce pathogeny of live through the winter.
Fall from the grape beautiful sequential spic is formed period, drug undertakes preventing and cure under optional choose:
77% much peace (bluestone is calcic) but wet sex powder 600 ～ 800 times fluid;
80% Bordeaux mixture but wet sex powder 500 ～ 700 times fluid;
Zinc of 80% Dai Sen manganese but wet sex powder 600 ～ 800 times fluid;
Red of 50% grams bacterium but wet sex powder 600 ～ 800 times fluid;
70% third dark zinc but wet sex powder 500 ～ 600 times fluid;
Moisture of 70% Dai Sen couplet come loose granule 600 ～ 800 times fluid;
General every 10 ～ 15 days of gush, a few kinds of drug are used alternately.
Fructification is entered turn color period, the key sprays fruit spic. To covering bag of grape, cover before bag must medicine of even, considerate gush 1, cover bag hind to be able to use drug no longer. Can choose following drug to undertake preventing and cure:
Agent of clever in suspension of much bacterium of · of Zun of 30% the fifth of the ten Heavenly Stem 800 ～ 1000 times fluid;
70% methylic the ferry that hold cloth in the palm but wet sex powder 800 ～ 1000 times fluid;
Powder of aluminous dissolubility of acid of phosphine of 90% 3 second 600 ～ 800 times fluid;
50% much bacterium are clever but wet sex powder 600 ～ 800 times fluid;
Water of Zun of annulus of armour of 10% benzene aether is dispersive granule 2000 ～ 2500 times fluid;
Emulsion of mellow water of Zun of 25% the fifth of the ten Heavenly Stem 2000 ～ 2500 times fluid;
Breast of Zun of 40% fluorine silicon is oily 6000 ～ 8000 times fluid;
Water of zinc of manganese of · of 68.75% ketone is dispersive granule 1000 ～ 1200 times fluid.
Inspect a patient's condition, every 10 ～ 15 days 1, connect gush 3 ～ 5.
