After forming an alliance, ginseng make an appointment with each state to get the tie of allied oath, need assumes the responsibility to friendly nation. This kind of responsibility namely the content that they make a pledge severally. According to case different, the responsibility that the purpose that alliance concludes and ally assume also is different.
In rare wave war, greek and affined oath is probably, they will fight with Persia jointly, protect Greek freedom. As to uncle the Buddhist nun scatters Luo Ben to be mixed federally carry the name of a river in Shaanxi and Henan provinces affined, should be martial a pact to shield each other, what their more pays close attention to is the general affairs of Greek interior. And uncle the Sibada that Luo Ben Buddhist nun scatters warlike period and Athens are affined, it is to stem from reconciliatory need.
The bottom that be like Lv inferior with the suck blood ceremony between rice bottom person. Participator gained divine experience in the ceremony, at the same time also of danger of be steeped to the lips in consensual and wizard in. Greek when making a pledge very be good at benefit at consensual and wizard come compose builds Jing fear ceremony. Troy person is holding Greek support of the people in poem of Ma Shi of carry on one's shoulder when grave oath ceremony, wine of hold a memorial ceremony for of oath person douse curses the person that do not defend oath:
Wish their brains is just as this wine douse at the ground, include the brains of they and their child; Wish the slave that their wife becomes others.
Be like BC again 7 centuries later period, stannum pulls an island to be when the colony that send a person is Libyan, to those rejection colony and the person of the person that help abscond undertook severe curse:
They made waxwork and burn-up, every person that is called together gathers, no matter man, woman, boy still is the girl, call the following curse: "Inobservant the person that this oath agreement offends it however, can disappear like waxwork and melt -- he himself, his offspring and his belongings.
Bottom resembling Lv inferior not as scarce also as the hematic oath between rice bottom person, greek term Horkiatemnein is the meaning of hematic oath. Hematic oath ceremony is not blood of choose and employ persons sometimes, use domestic animal of hold a memorial ceremony for however, hold a memorial ceremony for still can be accompanied in the process wine and breathe out divine ceremony, so Greek express entente sometimes with libation.
Aisijiniesi refer BC 346/345 year " agreement of base of carat of phenanthrene the name of a river in Shaanxi and Henan provinces " when, say for " irrigate the libation with peace " . Shelter in Europe heart this " petitionary woman " in, pallas ever taught Athens and the make a pledge between Aergesi personally. Pallas imparts when the method of animal sacrifice of correct butcher hold a memorial ceremony for, should error long this prepare a 3 feet implement, receive the blood of animal sacrifice of hold a memorial ceremony for inside, be in oath sculpture again later 3 feet implement in-house, give it subsequently De Erfei Apollo, regard the testimony of Greek vow and souvenir as its. And that uses as by the grave that the snickersnee of animal sacrifice of butcher hold a memorial ceremony for is buried in errorring Bai Yingxiong. She explained the matter that becomes so, if A Er Ge Si's person carries oath on the back, athenian person takes knife of hold a memorial ceremony for, with respect to the misfortune that can bring about them. The meaning of this kind of oath ceremony between city-state is strengthening oath divine sex and sanction, enhance the sense of responsibility of person agreement oath.
2, the responsibility that the person that form an alliance assumes as located of the environment change and change, these reflect the oath call the turn in themPuladiya although oath is not hair of the place when Greek Zhubang forms an alliance, but because its are saved more in good condition, its content and form, can serve as instead Persia is Greek and affined oath reference, besides its make a pledge main body and located situation is basic and same. Puladiya makes a pledge is BC 479 years allegedly Puladiya before the war, greek and affined be sent in Puladiya. Puladiya oath is 4 centuries place engraves BC. It is BC after all the counterfeit of 4 centuries, still be BC the text compose that person of 4 centuries Athens is based on form of true the true state of affairs of period of rare wave war is built, still unknown. Nevertheless, its content suits with historical circumstances photograph really, reflected the care to the war and the protection to Greek city-state.
Above all, obedient general wants in the battle, stand fast phalanx, protection of dare to die is Greek avoid the bondage that gets Persia person.
Next, involve Greek the idea that buries the dead, cruel cadaver is wild be as consuetudinary as Greek religion photograph is violated, can bring pollution and damage to city-state. This kind of demand in the war is strong all the more, because every time the battle can emerge a large number of deads, so Greek can call in severally after the war every time body. BC 406 years, because they fail to be salvaged in time,Athenian general be on trial be on trial and the reason that are put to death are fall into water the dead's remains.
Thirdly, after the war wins, will error those who do obeisance to a city very one of regarding <> as sanctify of articles of tribute, protect an ally. This and Xiluoduode the BC of account 480 years Greek and allied the oath of the person that object go over to the enemy is consistent, this should be one of content of character of knot make a pledge. Come in and go out somewhat nevertheless, because error,doing obeisance to is BC 4 centuries, athenian at present is inscriptive the main enemy of period, and when rare wave war, hostile person it is to error not just do obeisance to, so, here should be the mutiny city-state of wider range.
Its 4, oath emphasized warlike humanitarian on certain level, without friend of one's opponent in a debate not should by broken fountainhead.
Its 5, greek and consuetudinary medium fear and in be anxious to be shown in order to curse a form in oath, this one curse is aimed at the individual that violates pledge not only, and still be aimed at the city-state that violates pledge. Be like the safety of city-state; The high yield of land, domestic animals and person; Parents has successive the offspring of own blood relationship, provide the offspring of corporeal Xiao Xiangshi.
Character of knot make a pledge although with Puladiya oath differs, but the responsibility that they ask federal member is assumed agrees generally. Be in whole in opposing Persia war, besides character of knot make a pledge, greek and affined still perhaps can rely on other and affined oath. Nevertheless, it is can ceaseless that character of initiative knot make a pledge makes be returned in the process in the war be emphasized, admit a new member every time, they need to repeat the ceremony that form an alliance. And, oath of affined and all other should be premise and foundation with its, even itself is its ramification just.
Puladiya oath reacted Greek right whole the care of rare wave war. The martial responsibility that each state and Persia fight is refined further, for the victory, the character of the custom of battlefield and officers and soldiers is necessary, responsibility was gifted participate in all individuals that fight.
Curse and farther to the penalty of hostile city-state aggrandizement the sense of responsibility of each state, although they are face dilemma and stem from freewill alliance, but after making a pledge, the ally also got defend the force of oath, want to curse and be punished otherwise, face the martial blow of the ally.
Uncle the Buddhist nun scatters Luo Ben to call Sibada person and its confederate again federally.
BC 6 centuries metaphase, iron of the person that Si Bada forces defeat is pulled form military alliance with its, mean the change of Si Bada foreign policy, it is by change of neighbouring country of annex be defeated namely turn into its confederate. To BC 6 centuries end, kelieoumeiniesi period of v/arc be on the throne, it is with its besides a few city-state such as Aergesi enemy outside, si Bada has been in whole uncle Luo Ben Buddhist nun drops the position that acquires the leader of an alliance. This one alliance includes not only uncle the city-state that Luo Ben Buddhist nun drops an area, still include to Mecca is pulled and error on the history do obeisance to etc uncle Luo Ben Buddhist nun scatters the city-state besides.
Carry the name of a river in Shaanxi and Henan provinces affined a profit from the excellent performance of the Athens in rare wave war.
BC 478 years, alisidide captures Baosangniasi to be the opportunity of Greek accredit no longer, make Aiaoniya each country and Si Bada's person sever allied relationship, and built with Athenian person alone carry the name of a river in Shaanxi and Henan provinces affined. Affined by Athenian dominant, the amount that Alisidide placed each state contribute money chaired Aiaoniya of the person make a pledge, they make a pledge to have collective friend and enemy, sink one caboodle iron into sea floor, unless iron piece float rises,pledge, never abandon covenant otherwise. What this holds water twice federally namely is rude.
The heart end Xiu Xi says, when BC 480 years of Persia for bondage Greek and when main forces press on the border, because Si Bada's person is the most powerful, so they take on the responsibility that leads Greek united army, became the chief of Greek alliance. And Athenian person abandons a town, ascend ship vessel, become voyager, their navy became Greek and allied naval main force. After alliance repels Persia person, those from Persia the city-state of betray is mixed over there king begin to attend federal city-state division to become two groups, comprised two affined, one heads with Sibada, one heads with Athens, their force is in in land maritime. Still be defence sex federally at first, but as Athens and Sibada the relation worsens, be attacked each other by their so as to federally cut down. And any other city-state, should encounter only have controversial issue, to one party appeals and make alliance among them.
About the content of bilateral and affined oath. According to Xiluoduode and Yalishiduode narrate, carrying the name of a river in Shaanxi and Henan provinces to be the same as the core content of character of make a pledge is: With Athenian person in all friend enemy, devoted to forever affined, both neither deceit also is not damaged affined. Uncle the content that Luo Ben Buddhist nun scatters affined oath is: With Si Bada's person in all friend enemy, no matter Si Bada's person leads them where to go to, they all need to follow.
5, break away from affined, can get what kind of punishmentCong Bailuo goes straight towards the Buddhist nun to scatter a war to look, the control of Si Bada's person to the ally is put in blemish really, uncle Luo Ben Buddhist nun scatters federal member to have greater power in affined congress, what they can reject obedient Sibada even is decision-making. Do not pass and can not affirm oath is invalid to certain city-state accordingly. City-state joins league through making a pledge, want to join only, want to assume its ally responsibility.
Below great majority circumstance, although be formal sex merely,go up, zhubang or meeting abide by oath, obedient Sibada is led, even accompany fights. Si Bada cannot lead ally completely the influence that more reasons are practical politics, on the sensitive issue that involves cogent increase, the ally that intense interest conflict can make actual strength stronger objects Sibada, browbeat in order to break away from affined photograph even. Be like BC 461 years, because Mecca is pulled,produce attrib border issue with division Lin Si's person, and Sibada is partial division Lin Si's person, then Mecca is pulled exit uncle the Buddhist nun scatters Luo Ben affined and join Athens affined.
Even if more severe to federal member check Athens also makes ally is assumed completely hard " in all friend enemy " , " devoted to forever affined " responsibility, of the ally revolting and break away from in uncle Luo Ben Buddhist nun scatters the sensitive nerve that Athenian person irritated deeply in the war, corresponding punishment is extremely cruel.
Taking off alliance is one kind casts off federal liability, or the behavior of make a pledge, they such, because want to stay in only,be affined in, each state needs to abide by make a pledge in formally at least. What think as to Bomaxike not controlled controlled errors do obeisance to, after waiting for Si Bada Cong Bailuo to go straight towards the Buddhist nun to drop warlike leave, became the main target that Sibada is detested and hits.
From look on the whole, federal member is relatively fixed, because they are formed below long political balance of power, although have wave motion occasionally, the city-state that takes off alliance concerns very easily as a result of traditional alliance and return former some affined, and, both sides is irritated very easily by the fluctuant place of confederate.
BC 432 years, athenian person assaults Bodidaiya, reason is the ally that it once was itself, and want betray alliance now.
Apparent, bodidaiya is a affined to carry the name of a river in Shaanxi and Henan provinces. Become to Bodidaiya's contention uncle one of fuses that Luo Ben Buddhist nun scatters a war to erupt. The heart end Xiu Xi says, because Bodidaiya is Kelinsi's colony, this one act irritated them, division Lin Si's person is then rapid appeal ally attends a meeting to Sibada.
Kelinsi was harmed on behalf of person of Athens of violent on the meeting assail uncle Luo Ben Buddhist nun drops a person, persuade Sibada to be opposite to the utmost Athenian battle, ask Sibada remembers affined oath well, protect its confederate, browbeat in order to exit affined photograph.
BC 445 years, for the first time uncle when Luo Ben Buddhist nun scatters a war to end, si Bada and Athens reach 30 years of peace treaty, peace treaty is main content is: Hands-off opposite party is federal; The ally must not change join camp of the other side; Federal leader has force of authority use force to settle affined and internal dispute.
Peace treaty basically involves federal concern, both sides all has the power that retains him ally, both sides does not get aberrance to harm the ally of the other side, also do not get the ally of hook in the other side. In first time uncle when Luo Ben Buddhist nun scatters a war to near end, once broke away from uncle Luo Ben Buddhist nun scatters affined Mecca to pulled a person to be returned again uncle the Buddhist nun scatters Luo Ben affined in, this also is bilateral and affined principle apparently reflect.
Uncle test that Luo Ben Buddhist nun spreads a war is pair of both sides, what they search an opportunity actively to enlarge their is affined, hit the actual strength of the other side. Athenian person is in battle at the beginning of be in uncle Luo Ben Buddhist nun scatters a peninsula to win two affined, namely of bank of the East China Sea special the Akaiya that Luo Cenghe is located in bay of division Lin Si. Athens still plans the Aituoliya in Greek northwest ministry person, Akananiya person and Anbulajiya philtrum, the checkmate that the hope borrows uncle the Buddhist nun scatters Luo Ben affined.
Si Bada also won't abandon blow naturally raising the chance with affined the name of a river in Shaanxi and Henan provinces. BC 427, when Athens Buddhist nun of important benefit of ally rice the base of a fruit is initiated revolting when, si Bada provided support. The war in cc also is the child of bilateral contention confederate on certain level. Except Kamalina, include appraise to pull ancient inside the much interest of the island in other cc installs city-state, be in what Sibada already became before the war spreads in cc early confederate. Human relations carry the Buddhist nun, Nakesuosi and block Malina to wait for city-state criterion go and seek refuge with sb Athenian person, risk is faced in cc when them, athenian person became first-rate to appeal object.
Athenian person agrees to send a fleet to help them, this is to respond to the persuasion of the person in cc and request not only, still stem from a kind of allure that defies hard, hope to turn into the person in cc namely oneself ally, let them dispatch troops him support, thereby conquer Si Bada's person.
Athenian person's most satisfactory alliance should be BC 420 years what with Aergesi the person builds is affined, this one period, athens often performs Athenian person of support of the people of Ge Si of expressional A Er dramatically the deep friendship, hero that forms alliance and aeon foster cordial relations between countries is mythological. Affined setting is the contradiction after Athens and Si Bada conclude are mixed again become acute. So the constellation of Athens and Sibada Ge Si of enemy A Er (the ally of Ge Si of ear of along with A) built affined.
This aroused the fear of Si Bada's person, although Athens and Aergesi are Sibada federally,the person fails to honor the agreement effectively be caused by, but Si Bada's person cannot tolerate this kind of state. Athens borrows this to go to power development again federally uncle Luo Ben Buddhist nun scatters hinterland.
As hostile as Sibada uncle Luo Ben Buddhist nun scatters city-state, support as a result of what get Athens and appear on diplomacy unbridled, the relation of Aergesi, Mandingniya and Elise and Sibada becomes very dangerous. The heart end Xiu Xi says, in abstruse Lin Pi inferior on the sports meet, everybody is very panicky, always feel can occupied to affection happens, si Bada's person can be taken action by expect. Visible Athens and A ear Ge Si's federal deterrence force is different from every to ring, nevertheless, it is done not have according to the agreement put in hundred years in that way, however second year by Sibada person checkmate.
In uncle Luo Ben Buddhist nun scatters a war to have a process in, although the member of alliance of two Great Harmony is opposite stable, but in bilateral actual strength change and actual profit drive fall, be forced and active adjustment is very common also. The responsibility of the ally is each other, from Kelinsi the speech of battle of ginseng of threatening Si Bada sees the person, si Bada's person protects an ally only, the enemy ability that atttacks an ally in the war obtains the self-identity of confederate, violated make a pledge otherwise.
Mecca is pulled in first time uncle Luo Ben Buddhist nun scatters warlike period to exit affined, because Si Bada's person fails to perform duty as agreed upon,be. Si Bada can be attended a war by agitate of division Lin Si's person, also be to bear responsibility, uphold the authority of its leader.
Some city-state the force to enlarge oneself or avoid to be in in the war isolated the condition that does not have aid, use two federal controversial issue possibly still, gain an interest from which, if be in the Majidu of Greek brim area. In BC 432 years, ma Jidu is gubernatorial Peierdikasi the chilly behavior to respond to Athens, turn from Athenian confederate the Rhys that it is color and Biaodiya's riot mover. After coming when Athenian army, peierdikasi restored allied relation with its temporarily, but after Sibada extends aid, he is broken away from instantly with Athenian person affined, return again what with Biaodiya the person forms is affined inside.
The hostile city-state such as Si Bada and Ge Si of Athens, Sibada and A ear forms an alliance several degrees, this kind has federally very strong mandatory, reach through the war commonly. Uncle Luo Ben Buddhist nun spreads a war also is written guarantee with new establishment concerns federally between Sibada and Athens and ending. Afterwar, the peace treaty that Si Bada and Athens reach -- namely with Si Bada's person in all friend enemy; Mix in land maritime, athenian average per capita wants follow Si Bada's person -- the confederate that shows Athens had become Sibada.
Bibliographical reference:Lubricious Nuo fragrance " Greek history " Xu Songyan interpret
Xiluoduode " the history " Zhou Yongjiang interpret
Wang Shuo " make a pledge with politics of Gu Xila city-state "
Bomoluoyi " ancient Greek politics, society and culture history "
Yin Yuantao " the 2nd times interpret of inscription of Athenian affined vow is noted "
