The country learns classic work " Xun Zi " full text and translation (I piece)

" Xun Zi " it is last years of a dynasty or reign of the Warring States the composing of Xun Kuang of famous materialistic ideologist. This book aims to sum up the contention of a hundred schools of thought of academia is mixed at that time oneself academic thinking, the ethics that mirrors thought of materialistic natural view, epistemological and Xun Kuang, politics and economic thought.

[textual]

Of person official theory: The person that have state official, the person that have seize official, the person that have a hero, the person that have holy official. Inadequacy makes inside one civilian, it is difficult that inadequacy makes be apart from outside; Common people is not close, vassal do not believe; However artful quick given to flattery says, be apt to is taken bestow favor on on, it is state official person also; Go up disloyal gentleman, next be apt to are taken praise civilian, not compensate justice is connected justice, clique comparing week, with annulus advocate graph illicit is Wu, it is seize official person also; Inside sufficient make with one civilian, outside sufficient make in order to be apart from difficult, civilian close, of person letter, go up faithful gentleman, common people loves below and tireless, it is a hero person also; Go up criterion can honour gentleman, fall to be able to cherish his fellow citizen, government order Jiaohua, the shadow is like below punishment, ying Cu is encountered change, if ring,give together, push kind receive praise, in order to stay not in the proper way, qu Cheng makes an elephant, it is holy official person also.

King of the person that reason uses holy official, the person that use a hero is strong, the person that use seize official highs, the person that use state official dies. I use voice to need dead, I use seize to high surely, the hero is used need flourish, I use emperor to need honour. The Zhang Yi of the city Hou of the Su Qin with neat reason, Hunan, the Qin Dynasty, official of state of it may be said person also. The Feng Yang of the Zhang Quji of Han, Zhao, Qi Zhimeng is tasted, official of seize of it may be said also. The blame of neat Guan Zhong, advance makes, the Sun Shuao of Hunan, hero of it may be said. The great-grandfather of Yan Zhiyi Yin, week, official of emperor of it may be said. Be person official theory also, good or ill luck virtuous unworthy extremely also, surely sincerely of annals and careful take Yan for choose oneself, enough check.

[translation]

The category of official in feudal times: Have the official in feudal times that fawn on, have usurp the official in feudal times of monarchical power, have build result the official in feudal times that establishs line of business, have understand emperor bright official in feudal times. Cannot unite the people internally with him, cannot resist external with him adversity, common people is not close to him, vassal distrust he, but he is address and nimble glib, be good at from rich be in sb's good graces Is hope over there monarch, this is the official in feudal times that fawn on. Do not devoted to on liege, be good at be in the people below diddle fame, disregard the principle that is helpful for the pubic and general and applicable morality and justice, group of the cement that pull a party works in collusion, regard oneself main general affairs as expedience of block becloud monarch, conspire, this is to usurp the official in feudal times of monarchical power. Inside sufficient can unite the people with him, outside sufficient can resist with him adversity, the people is close to him, person person trusts him, devoted to on liege, common people is cherished below and indefatigable idle, this is to build result the official in feudal times that establishs line of business. King can be respected on, common people can be cherished below, penitentiary to policy law and education, his very closely associated with each other gives immediately below civilian make model, deal with sudden incident, approach incident, he is nimble like echo rapid, inference contrasts similar thing, integratedly congener thing, will meet the condition of fantasticality with this kind of method, his act can make criterion model everywhere, this is understand emperor bright official in feudal times.

So, appoint understand emperor bright official in feudal times can lord the world, appoint is built result the official in feudal times that establishs line of business is met powerful and prosperous, it is dangerous that the official in feudal times that appoint seize counterpoises is met, the official in feudal times that appoint fawns on is met ruined. The official in feudal times that fawn on by appoint, get killed of so liege and regular meeting; The official in feudal times that seize counterpoises by appoint, so liege and regular meeting is dangerous; The official in feudal times of make contributions by appoint, so liege and regular meeting is honorable; Emperor bright official in feudal times by appoint, so liege and regular meeting is exalted. The Zhang Yi of the city Hou of country of the Su Qin of neat country, Hunan, Qin Guo, can be called the official in feudal times that fawn on. The first month of the Feng Yangjun of the Zhang Quji of Korea, Zhao Guo, neat country tastes gentleman, can be called usurp the official in feudal times of monarchical power. The blame of country of the Guan Zhong of neat country, advance makes, the Sun Shuao of Hunan country, can call build result establish the official in feudal times of course of study. The great-grandfather of the Yi Yin of business day, Zhou Chao, can call understand emperor bright official in feudal times. Above these categories that are official in feudal times, it is to forecast a country safety and discern liege virtuous standard, monarch must remember it carefully, and cautiously chooses minister personally, this is sufficient can use the standard that makes reference.

[textual]

Obey the order and what Li Jun calls is suitable, obey the order and the flatter that adverse gentleman calls; Disobey an order and Li Jun calls faithful, disobey an order and the seize that adverse gentleman calls. Not the honour or disgrace of compensate gentleman, not of compensate country pass judgment, add up to Gou Rong secretly, hand in with holding salary to raise just ear, calling country thief. Gentleman has had seek, pass a work, the dread the god of the land and the god of the grain-the state of danger country, die also, chancellery, father and elder brothers has can enter Yan Yujun, with criterion but, need not go, calling expostulate with; Have can enter Yan Yujun, with criterion but, need not die, call contend for; Have can compare wisdom with force, lead group of official 100 official and Jiang Jun of get along with Mr Jiao, although gentleman is disturbed, have to listen, suffer from greatly with Jie Guozhi then, kill what divide a country greatly, bring a country into Yu Zunjun, call complementary; Have the lot that can fight gentleman, steal Jun Zhi to weigh, return gentleman's responsibility, in order to install national danger, divide gentleman's disgrace, enough of result cut down becomes big profit of the country, calling stroke.

Reason expostulate with, contend for, complementary, the person of stroke, the official of the god of the land and the god of the grain-the state also, the treasure of monarch also, bright gentleman place honour thick also, and dark advocate be puzzled gentleman thinks personal thief also. What Ming Junzhi admires friend, dark Jun Zhi is punished also; Dark Jun Zhi is admired, ming Junzhi is killed also. Yi Yin, dustpan child it may be said remonstrates with; Than working, child petty official it may be said is contended for; Of Campagna gentleman at Zhao, it may be said complementary; Believe the Yu Wei of hill gentleman, stroke of it may be said. Pass: "From path not Cong Jun. " this call also.

The official of reason justice is set, criterion imperial court not quite; Expostulate with, contend for, complementary, the person letter of stroke, criterion gentleman passes not far; Of lackey person apply, criterion enemy Chou is not made; The official of border land is in, criterion border hang down not funeral. Reason bright advocate good dark with advocate good alone; Bright Zhu Shangxian makes can and provide dinner for its are filled, dark advocate be jealous of virtuous Wei can and destroy its result. Punish its faithful, admire its thief, the husband is call to dark,

[translation]

Obedience commands liegely and be helpful for monarch be called compliant, obedience commands liegely and go against monarch to be called adulatory; Defy commands liegely and be helpful for monarch be called faithfulness, defy commands liegely and go against monarch to be called usurp. Disregard liege honour or disgrace, ignore national gain and loss, it is drift along caters to liege, unprincipled ground to beg only take shelter oneself, the Feng Lu that will protect oneself with this, go feed him associate with members of a clique, this kind of person is called national conspirator. Monarch had wrong plan, wrong action, national general danger, political power will be ruined, at this moment in chancellery, father and elder brothers if somebody can be entered to monarch,show an opinion, it is good that the opinion is used, be not used leave, this is called persuade expostulate with; If somebody can be entered to monarch,show an opinion, it is good that the opinion is used, be not used with respect to body of be buried alive with the dead, this is called bitter admonish; If somebody can combine the person that has wisdom make concerted efforts, lead group of official 100 officials force monarch together, correct monarch, although monarch refuses to obey, have to comply with however, relied on this to eliminate big hardship of the country then, take out big damage of the country, the result makes liege and exalted, country stable, this is called auxiliary; If somebody can defy liege order, use sovereign power, oppose liege wrong action, make consequently national take a turn to be out of danger, eliminate the disgrace of liege incur, credit is enough the heavy golden eggs that uses achievement country, this is called rectify.

Urge the person of expostulate with, bitter admonish, auxiliary, rectify so, it is the chancellery that maintains national political power, it is the precious fortune of monarch, be give special treatment of brilliant liege place respect, the boss of Dan Yu be ignorant of, muddleheaded monarch regards them however the enemy that is oneself. So the person of brilliant liege place award, it is the object that ignorant liege place punishs however; The person of ignorant liege place award, it is the object of brilliant liege place kill however. Yi Yin, dustpan child can call persuade expostulate with; Than working, child all can call bitter admonish; Campagna gentleman to Zhao country, can call assisted; Xin Lingjun to country of the Kingdom of Wei, can call rectify. Say on ancient books: "The principle with correct comply with and not comply with monarch. " those who say is this kind of person.

The official in feudal times that holds to justice gets entering using, so the imperial court won't slant unhealthy environmental influences that cause disease is frame-up; The person that urges expostulate with, bitter admonish, auxiliary, rectify is trusted, so liege fault won't agelong; Bold and powerful and strong cavalier is used, so Philistine not dare make trouble; The chancellery on border land has found a place for, so border land won't be lost. So brilliant monarch likes unitive others to work together, and ignorant monarch likes a loner, go alone its are; Brilliant liege praise highly the person of virtuous heart, use the fruit that have the person of ability and enjoys them, ignorant liege be envious of the person of virtuous heart, contribution that fears to have the person of ability and bury them. Punish oneself official loyal to his sovereign, him award conspirator, this is called extremely fatuity, this is the reason with ruined name of the last ruler of the Shang Dynasty reputedly a tyrant of Xia Jie, business.

[textual]

Thing emperor gentleman person, have comply with contend for without expostulate with; The gentleman in the thing person, expostulate with is contended for without flatter; Thing oppressor person, have fill cut the stroke that do not have Jiao. Approach coerce at chaos, be on cruel country thoroughly, and avoid without place, esteem its beauty, yang Jishan, violate its evil, its defeat concealed, character its director, asymmetry its place is short, think common. " poem " say: "State-owned large order, can not tell a person, hamper its bend forward personally. " this call also.

Deferential and abdicate, comply with and quick, dare not have with illicit definitely choose also, dare not have with illicit take with also, go up in order to arrange for annals, it is thing emperor Jun Zhiyi also. Faithful believe and do not flatter, expostulate with is contended for and not flatter, jiao just was folded like that, carry sign and do not have the heart of heel, be case saying is, blame record says blame, it is the Jun Zhiyi in the thing also. Move and do not flow, soft and castiron, good-tempered and not random, xiao Ran down to and all without exception mediates also, and can change easy, when of inside Shanghaiguan, be thing oppressor justice also.

The Piao Ma that be like drive, if raise a newborn baby, if feed Zuo person, reason because its dread also and change its to pass, because of its care also and differentiate its reason, because its are fond of also and into its, because its are angry also and complain except its, music gets alleged Yan. " book " say: "Obey the order and not stroke, small remonstrate with and tireless. To go up criterion bright, inferior to fall. " this call also.

[translation]

Serve emperor of bright monarch, have comply with and criticize sb's faults frankly without suffering persuading expostulate with; Serve is general and liege, have suffering persuading expostulate with criticizes sb's faults frankly and did not fawn on cringingly; Of serve oppressor, eliminate of defect of fill a vacancy having cover passes to break and was not corrected forcibly. By the press, period that gets ground of force sb to do one's bidding to live in the disorder, ground of have no way out lives in the country with regnant oppressor, and without method escape this is planted place, that with respect to praise highly his goodness, advocate his beneficent, do not carry his injustice, conceal his failure, commend his good qualities, do not say his weakness, serve as these what become already is consuetudinary. " The Book of Songs " on say: "The country had major government order, cannot tell others it, can endanger oneself otherwise. " those who say is this kind of circumstance.

Deferential and condescending, comply with and execute an order adroitly again, dare not go according to expedience again make a decision and choice, dare not give again according to expedience or the rank of nobility of privative others, regard oneself ambition as compliant monarch, this is serve emperor the appropriate principle of bright monarch. Faithful be as good as one's word and do not fawn on, suffering persuading expostulate with criticizes sb's faults frankly and not adulatory, decisive and doughty, the idea is neat and without deflective and frame-up thought, right say to be opposite, wrong with respect to missay, this is the appropriate principle with general and liege serve. Harmonic do not drift with the tide however, do not lower his head however softly yielding, good-tempered be on bad terms however a careless absurd is monarch, go inspiring monarch with the most correct principle and was not coordinated and arrange, that nature with respect to violence of monarch of can penitentiary change, engraft correct principle in his heart constantly, this is the appropriate principle of serve oppressor.

Serve oppressor resembles controlling to did not train the horse that pass, resemble bringing up firstborn baby, like having a thing with respect to the person that resembles feeding hunger, when wanting to take the advantage of him to dread so, make he corrects wrong action, take the advantage of the behavior that makes he changes the past when he is anxious, take the advantage of make he takes the right way when he is glad, when taking the advantage of him to be angry, make his eliminate the heart of their discontent and indignation, can achieve a goal everywhere so. " a high official in ancient China " on say: "Be subject to to command and be not violated, secretly admonish and indefatigable idle; Become emperor with respect to meeting advisability, do official in feudal times meet condescending. " those who say is this kind of circumstance.

[textual]

Thing person and the person that do not arrange, not disease person also; Disease and the person that do not arrange, irreverent person also; The person that respect and do not arrange, disloyal person also; Faithful and the person that do not arrange, without result person also; Have rendered great service and the person that do not arrange, without heart person also. Reason is not had of heart it is also, result of injury illness, fall, destroy suffering, reason gentleman is also.

[translation]

Serve monarch shoulds not however liege intention, because,be not active; The intention of monarch of active finish disagreement, because disrespectful is respected,be; The intention of monarch of deferential finish disagreement, because,be not faithful; The intention of monarch of faithful finish disagreement, because do not have contribution,be; Had contribution to should not however liege intention, because do not have moral character,be. So, if make a kind of virtue,do not have moral character, with respect to meeting harm contribution of active, finish, attack by surprise does not have pains, so a man of noble character won't be made so.

[textual]

Have big faithful person, have second faithful person, have below faithful person, thief having a state person. Change with path Mr Fu, big faithful also; With De Diaojun complementary, second faithful also; Be not in order to be expostulate with and angry, below faithful also; Not the honour or disgrace of compensate gentleman, not of compensate country pass judgment, add up to Gou Rong secretly, with hold salary to raise hand in just ear, country thief also. Those who be like Zhougong at becoming Wang Ye, it may be said is big faithful; The Yu Huan of the intermediate that be like a canal is fair, it may be said second faithful; If child the Yu Fu of all is poor, below it may be said faithful; If Cao touchs Long Zhi at name of the last ruler of the Shang Dynasty reputedly a tyrant person, thief of country of it may be said.

[translation]

Have clipping official loyal to his sovereign, have first-class official loyal to his sovereign, have coarse official loyal to his sovereign, have national conspirator. Penitentiary with true principle edification emperor he, it is clipping faithfulness; Come with morality take good care of sb is liege and auxiliary he, it is first-class faithfulness; The mistake that goes dissuading monarch with correct position enraged however he, it is coarse faithfulness; Disregard liege honour or disgrace, ignore national gain and loss, it is drift along caters to liege, unprincipled ground to beg only take shelter oneself, the Feng Lu that will protect oneself with this, go of aherents of feed associate with, this is national conspirator. Resemble Zhou Gong to Zhou Cheng king, can saying is clipping faithfulness; Image tube intermediate is fair to Qi Huan, can saying is first-class faithfulness; Like Wu Zi all is differred to the husband, can saying is coarse faithfulness; Touch dragon like Cao to king of business name of the last ruler of the Shang Dynasty reputedly a tyrant, can say the conspirator that is a country.

[textual]

Benevolence person respect a person surely. Laic blame virtuous, criterion the case is unworthy also. Person virtuous and irreverent, it is birds and beasts also; The person is unworthy and irreverent, it is tiger of be improperly familiar with also. Birds and beasts is random, tiger of be improperly familiar with highs, calamity and its body. " poem " say: "Not dare Bao Hu, not dare Feng He. The person knows firstly, not tell other. Gingerly, if face abyss, on thin ice. " this call also. Reason benevolence person respect a person surely.

Respect a person to have: Virtuous person expensive and Jing Zhi, the person that unworthy criterion Wei and Jing Zhi; Virtuous person kiss and respect, the person that unworthy is scanty and Jing Zhi. Its are respected one also, its affection 2 also. Be like a husband to faithful letter carries Que and be not killed, do not have receive and otherwise, be benevolence person is qualitative also. Faithful letter feels qualitative, upright Que thinks all, ceremony justice thinks civil, human relations kind think manage, asthma, Mo and move, and can be law. " poem " say: "Do not overstep his authority not thief, delicacy is criterion. " this call also.

[translation]

The person of benevolence heart is sure respect others. Say commonly, a person is not sagely, that is done not have namely heart the person of ability. Others is sagely do not respect him however, that is birds and beasts; Others is done not have heart just and do not go respecting him, that is as making fun of a tiger general. The person is with respect to can careless absurd like birds and beasts, it is very dangerous to make fun of a tiger to be met, disaster can fall to his body. " The Book of Songs " on say: "Not dare empty-handed hits a tiger, not dare smooth foot crosses the river. People knows this only, do not know other and evil place. Crucial point is afraid of ah should take care, want to resemble be faced with that abyss, want to step on that Bao Bing like the foot. " those who say is this kind of circumstance. The person that pays attention to Ren De so is sure respect others.

Respectable others has certain principle: Respect him with respect to ground of respect and admire to sagely person, to doing not have heart the person of ability respects him awe-strickenly; Respect him with respect to affectionately to sagely person, to doing not have heart the person of ability respects him aloofly. Respect is same, actual content is different however. As to simple minded of integrity of that faithful be as good as one's word do not injure a person, that is to treat all people such, this is the essence of Ren Dezhi's person. It is noumenon with faithful be as good as one's word, it is key link with just simple minded discipline, with ceremony justice is a standard, it is a principle with ethical law, say a word a little, move a little, can make the model that others follows the example of. " The Book of Songs " on say: "Do not make a mistake not to kill a person, do not make model rarely. " those who say is this kind of person.

[textual]

Deferential, ceremony also; Harmonic, happy also; Careful, benefit also; Fight anger, kill also. Reason gentleman brings ceremony, happy, profit, careful and do not have a bottle of anger, be with 100 had not lifted also. Lilliputian is instead.

[translation]

Respectfully, it is ceremony; Coordinate harmony, it is music; Keep one's eyes peeled, it is an interest; Affray is huffish, it is damage. Gentleman loves ceremony, music, profit, keep one's eyes peeled and not affray is huffish, accordingly all sorts of actions won't error. A mean person is as adverse as this.

[textual]

Connect faithful suitable, of authority danger smooth, of disaster chaos from sound, 3 person blame bright advocate Mo Zhi can know also. Contend for next be apt to, crime next result, go out dead altruistic, send faithful and fair, the husband is call faithful suitable, the Jun Shizhi that believe hill. Seize next justice, kill next benevolence, fluctuation is easy next chastity, result ginseng heaven and earth, lustre be given birth to civilian, the husband is call of authority danger smooth, soup, fierce is also. Pass and sympathize with, mix and do not have classics, not compensate dispute, no matter right and wrong, add up to Gou Rong secretly, bewilderment is born madly, the husband is call of disaster chaos from sound, flying cheap, evil coming is also. Pass: "Behead and neat, crooked and suitable, different and one. " " poem " say: "Get spherule big ball, it is Liu of compose leaving a country. " this call also.

[translation]

Make faithfulness does not achieve unobstructed to clogged up, alter critical aspect and achieve stable, disaster chaos is accompanied surely cater to gentleman meaning, chime in with others and come, these 3 kinds of circumstances are not brilliant monarch cannot understand. To monarch criticize sb's faults frankly just can be helpful for liege do good works next, violate liege volition, just can establish meritorious service for monarch next, break give life and do not have self, extremely faithful and just, this is called make faithfulness straightway and achieve compliant, xin Lingjun is similar to this kind of person. Capturing monarchical power just can execute morality and justice next, kill monarch to just can realize Ren De next, commutative seat just can accomplish Jun Chen next have personal integrity, achievement and heaven and earth are paratactic, v/arc bounties bestowed by a monarch or an official brings to bear on numerous people, this is called alter critical aspect and achieve stable, king of fierce of business soup, week is such person. Liege wrong finish is returned and his be of one mind, just assentation unprincipledly liege, disregard dispute, do not tell right and wrong, drift along ground caters to liege in an attempt to to get shelter oneself, puzzle ground of raddled and madcap ignorance goes after the life to enjoy, this is called disaster chaos to be accompanied surely cater to gentleman meaning chime in with others and come, flying cheap, evil coming is this kind of person. Say on ancient books: "Just had irregular orderly, just had winding compliant, had different ability consistent. " " poem " the cloud: "Accept small way and old law, set oneself an example to others makes the model of each country. " those who say is this kind of circumstance.