The secret with unbeknown artificial intelligence the 3rd collect.
Article ︱ Oscar Schwartz
Interpret ︱ editorial office
Graph ︱ network
Toward period review:
The history with unbeknown AI (1) : Play chess dummy
The history with unbeknown AI (2) : The woman of computer backside
1950, in digital age initial stage, allan · scheme is clever (Alan Turing) published his famousest article " computational machine and intelligence " , in article he raised such question: "Can the machine think? "Can the machine think??
To answer this one question, turing did not try to define " machine " and " think " these two term, get Victoria period however a kind the name is " imitate game " inspire, formulated another kind of different method. In " imitate game " in, a man and need of a woman are waited for in different room, pass written character and judge communication, the judge guesses who is accordingly. However, if that man tries to imitate female conversation, the task will become because of this complex rise with hardship.
Suffer the inspiration of this game, turing designed " thinking experiment " -- will among them a player changed the computer. Turing thinks, if this machine can participate in this game well, let " judge " cannot identify even he is be in and talking with the person, so we have reason to believe: This machine is intelligence.
This experiment is us what say " Turing checks " , till today, it remains artificial intelligence domain the famousest one of idea that also have controversy sex most. However, "Turing checks " the glamour that last long depends on, is it philosophical difficult problem -- " can the machine think? " the solution that offerred to make clear. If the computer passed this test, so the answer is affirmation. Daniel of philosopher of no less than · red nit (Daniel Dennett) be said, "Turing checks " the terminator that should discuss as philosophy, he thinks, "What with its perpetual controversy thinks is substaintial, why we are abhorrent think, no matter what this essence is, wanted it to pass Turing to check only, we admit it can think. We admit it can think..
But the paper that reads Turing carefully, with respect to meeting discovery one lets a test become ambiguous detail. Probably, ground of graph clever more is the philosophy that regards pair of machine intelligence as this exam provoke, is not real test.
Be in " computational machine and intelligence " a paragraphic in, turing uses the simulation of prospective intelligence computer in the imagination the process of the test. (the person raises a question, computer response. )
Q: Write a sestet about Fu Siqiao to me please.
A: Do not count on me. I won't write a poem.
Q: 34957 add 70764 how much be equal to?
A: (the answer gave out after stopping 30 seconds) 105621.
Q: Do you play chess?
A: Yes.
Q: My K is in K1, without other piece. Your K is in K6 place, r is in R1 place. This you went.
A: (after stopping 15 seconds) R-R8 general.
In checking this, the computer made mistake of a count actually. 34957 add of 70764 and should be 105721, is not 105621. Turing serves as a crackajack mathematician, he did not realize this impossibly. Contrary, this is probable it is Turing set the trap below intentionally for those careful readers.
Turing is alluded in his article, wrong computation is trick of a process designing, it is the crafty plot of the person that deceit is judged. He thinks, if the reader that interacts with the computer is attentive discovered this error, so they can believe they are chatting with the mankind, the mathematical operation that because people feels,the computer won't make this kind of base is wrong. Accordingly, in the process to computer process designing, can " the operation that introduces a mistake intentionally, the person that quiz in order to puzzle. " Turing is written in his article.
Although be in 1950, with " mistake " the thought that will allude a machine to have human intelligence is understood very hard, but for the programmer to be engaged in Natural Language Processing, it had become principle of a kind of design. For example, june 2014, according to the report, a chatting robot that the name is Eugene Goostman becomes the computer that checks through Turing for the first. But critical personage points out very quickly, eugene can pass a test, because,be of the buy inside it " beguiling sex " program: It imitated English of one one or two to serve as 13 years old of boys of the 2nd language. It is innocent that this means it to will be by mistake in phraseological mistake and it finite knowledge with immature expression, is not the blemish on ability of Natural Language Processing.
Same, in Duplex of Google speech assistant last year with similar mankind " hum... " and " ah... " Jing admired after everybody, a lot of personages point out, this is not the result that the system ponders over truly, however the hesitant behavior of mankind of manual code simulative.
These two example reflected Turing's opinion, -- can make a few simple mistakes with letting the computer intentionally, give a person the sense that a kind of human nature changes thereby. With Turing, the programmer of Eugene Goostman and Duplex is clear, imitate to human blundering had cheated us with respect to enough.
Probably, "Turing checks " can not evaluate the intelligence with a whether true machine, however whether do we think it is intelligence. What does him spirit of graph of no less than say: ? Mother of pa quiet Nai pats orangutan of last of tall of fade of Tian old a stone needle used in acupuncture in ancient China is of of scabbard of emperor of modular cheek of the N that fasten copy steals Tan Ren of to joke onlying Hui to hold of male form of settleclear mace to invade of quiet Nai model to call out Wu first [palpitate of of catfish call on embeds charm Shan! ?
Turing is telling us it seems that, perhaps intelligence is not one kind can be gone to by process designing the material in the machine, but it is one kind can adopt the tone that interactive compose builds the society however.
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