Enginery of ace of 5G network commercial: Does colloquialism explain millimeter wave meaning where t

The author ever was in more than mention in article, 5G network will this year make one's bow beforehand business uses be born level. About the advantage of 5G network, to terminal user, the network that you need to know it is network of 4G of a kind of photograph comparing only probably fast give multiple, number quickly decuple brand-new network, resemble the 4M with your original home entering a broadband to change directly thousand sign is fiber-optic and common. What differ exclusively is, you can not see the network that changes this hypostatic reticle.

Advanced two days, incoming telegram of a friend seeks advice from the author, when does 5G mobile phone come out? Am I had this year necessary change does the phone of 5G get stuck? Of course, these problems that are a few very old. Feeling dull to want to hang a phone in the author when, the interest that another problem of friend aroused the author -- what is millimeter wave after all? Is it also 5G network?

When friend mentioned millimeter wave, the author feels relative accident, because the author's friend is not to be engaged in the personage of the relevant industry such as telegraphic, media, he is a terminal user that does not pass again simply only really. Does he begin to had listened to millimeter wave? But what he appears and understanding is millimeter wave. Then, the author feels, should meet the situation of the terminal user that has a lot of and this friend is same, because this had,yield the motive of this article.

How to understand millimeter wave?

Millimeter wave, this is the concept of a special learning actually. As a result of the author this article is to want to explain it as far as possible " friend " go listening, so, the author also is considering how to should be compared after all repeatedly more appropriate.

Probably such we are OK coming that understand. The author lives in the Supreme Being daily, the Supreme Being embrace blocking up is the people of the whole country is witting. Future, as mobile terminal unit (can understand simply for the smartphone) the data bulk that spends every months (discharge) rise ceaselessly, data shows, arrive from 2013 2023, mobile data flow outstrips implementation the growth of 60 times. But, if the data method that uses flow of transmission shift data did not receive the very good sentence that upgrade. The emperor that can be just like instantly then is same, car is ceaseless grow in quantity, but road did not widen, the problem that causes directly resembles the 3 annulus of Beijing when Zhou Wu comes off work, 4 loop road condition is embraced commonly extremely.

5G new eat dishes without rice or wine (the global standard of 5G network) the wireless communication system that is generation use millimeter wave, and such communication system, the bigger bandwidth that can use millimeter wave to offer will solve data method to have the problem that block up. That is to say, millimeter wave can be shown some embracing to block up to be in by simple understanding wear on road remove a trestle, more broad freeway is on the bridge, make effectively thereby original the road that jam (data method) be able to alleviate.

Show according to academic data, nowadays, such as 24.25-27.5GHz, 27.5-29.5GHz frequency paragraph millimeter wave, its bandwidth can compare bandwidth of current 3G/4G network 25 times more.

Does the advantage of millimeter wave depend on?

So millimeter wave can make 5G new eat dishes without rice or wine form of among them a kind of application, nature also is rather a variety of advantages are impartible cut. So what advantage does millimeter wave have after all?

Advantage one: Extremely wide bandwidth

Think limits of millimeter wave frequency is 26.5 ～ 300GHz normally, bandwidth is as high as 273.5GHz. Arrive from dc more than microwave is 10 times of bandwidth aller. Although consider atmosphere to absorb, can use 4 main windows only when the transmission in atmosphere, but the total bandwidth of these 4 windows also can amount to 135GHz, for microwave 5 times of the sum of bandwidth of each wave band more the following. This is in of frequency resource insecurity have appeal extremely undoubtedly today. This kind of appeal resembles, on red empurpling map navigation, discover shortcut of a green kind carefree.

Advantage 2: Beam is narrow

The beam that below identical antenna dimension the beam of millimeter wave wants to compare microwave is narrow much. For example the antenna of a 12cm, when 9.4GHz beam width is 18 degrees, and width of the velocity of wave when 94GHz only 1.8 degrees. Because this can differentiate,the little cause with closer apart or more clear ground observe the detail of the target. Dr. Ma Dejia that comes from Qualcomm also expresses, the beam of millimeter wave is very narrow, can let signal more essence of life transmits specific user definitely. This is like the distinction of flashlight and laser pen, flashlight can enlighten the person of one whole house, and laser pen can have specific aim point to specific direction well and truly.

Advantage 3: Exploration capability is strong

Can use ability of broadband wide chart to restrain much diameter effect and mixed and disorderly echo. A large number of frequency can be offerred use, effective elimination is disturbed each other. Bigger much music score can be obtained to strap frequency to move below target radial speed, raise pair of low speed mobile or oscillatory object thereby explore and identify ability.

This one character can be applied extensively at the technical domain such as radar of for military use commonly.

Advantage 4: Security has kept secret

This advantage that millimeter wave corresponds comes from two respects:

1) because millimeter wave transmits those who get oxygen, hydrosphere and rainfall in atmosphere,absorb attenuation very big, the direct distance with bit righter place is very short, exceed this distance signal to be able to become very faint, this increased hostile the difficulty that has eavesdrop and interference.

2) the beam of millimeter wave is very narrow, and deputy piece is small, this reduced the probability that its are intercepted and capture further again.

Advantage 5: Transmission quality is high

Because millimeter wave of frequency stage high corresponds to basically violate a source without what, electromagnetism spectrum is very clean, accordingly, millimeter wave channel is very stable and reliable, its are piled up by accident rate can maintain for long level is measured in 10-12, can rival with the transmission quality photograph of cable.

Advantage 6: Round-the-clock communication

The penetrable ability to rainfall, sand and dust, aerosol and plasma compares millimeter wave atmosphere laser and infra-red get by force much. This makes millimeter wave communication has better round-the-clock communication capacity, assure to work reliably continuously.

Advantage 7: Component size is small

Compare with microwave photograph, millimeter wave yuan the dimension of parts of an apparatus wants small much. Millimeter wave system is accordingly lighter miniaturization.

So many advantage, make undoubtedly a when millimeter wave made 5G period dazzling bright phearl. But, millimeter wave also is not so perfect infinite.

Modem of X55 5G of Qualcomm brave dragon

Is the defect of millimeter wave?

Always advantageous have disadvantage, to millimeter wave, it still has 3 big natural drawback.

Defect one: Signal attenuation is big

When wireless signal travels through atmosphere, as a result of the absorption of wireless signal and scattering, can produce signal attenuation. Think normally, wireless signal frequency is taller, transmission loss is bigger, cover a distance closer. But, in millimeter wave here has some of exception. Millimeter wave basically suffers the effect of oxygen, humidity, mist and rain in atmosphere transmission.

1. oxygen

The influence about oxygen also is not treat as the same, the effect that wave band of different millimeter wave suffers oxygen is different.

For instance, 60GHz must bear the oxygen that makes an appointment with 20dB/km absorbs loss, and 28GHz, 38GHz and 73GHz circumstance a lot of, this also is the reason that at present business of a few operation is 28GHz main test object surely.

2. humidity

Opposite at oxygen, humidity is bigger to the attenuation influence of millimeter wave. Below high temperature and high humidity environment, its signal is inside 1 kilometer but attenuation half (3dB/km) . Manage together with humidity, millimeter wave is in when passing mist and cloud layer, also can produce attenuation.

3. rain

Rain is the enemy with the biggest millimeter wave. Below extreme circumstance, fall in weather of especially big rainstorm (rainfall intensity is 50 millimeter / hour) , millimeter wave transmits loss to be able to achieve 18.4dB/km. The biggest problem that millimeter wave faces truly is -- weather. Although rainstorm can cause millimeter wave signal substantially damply, but should have made enough link budget only, can not bring about link of millimeter wave data to interrupt.

When we are undertaking the network plans, but according to the history of different area the biggest rainfall comes budgetary millimeter wave is wireless link loss, decide the largest transmission space of millimeter wave.

Defect 2: Be held back easily

Millimeter wave besides signal attenuation big outside, still another is hurt forcedly greatly -- hold back. This is hurt forcedly overcome very hard, millimeter wave not only be held back easily by the building, still can be held back by human body itself, it is to be when hand handclasp machine even, the hand also can hold back it.

Qualcomm solves hand through the technology to millimeter wave hold back

Defect 3: Transmission distance is short

Because millimeter wave is a kind of high frequency electromagnetic wave,this basically is, it is the fundamental weakness that cannot avoid.

Whether the technology can solve the blemish of millimeter wave?

Be aimed at 3 big drawback, current engineer thought up corresponding settlement already means, transmit a distance to get the problem that hold back shortly, easily in the light of millimeter wave for instance, engineers had considered to use aerial array to have beam take shape, radio energy concentration rises to be apart from in order to add transmission. But the volume that such solution causes aerial array directly is too large, cannot better apply to mobile terminal unit to go up. This also is to bring about industry not to value the reason that corresponds millimeter wave application at mobile terminal all the time.

Of course, settlement way is more than this kind. For example Qualcomm used sophisticated beam figuration technology to make a solution, go to millimeter wave application successfully on mobile terminal. Connect the module of antenna of QTM052 millimeter wave that ever rolled out high 2018 for example, very good had aerial volume narrowing, the application that makes its more convenient arrives among mobile terminal. And at the beginning of 2019, connect high rolled out module of smaller than QTM052 antenna of QTM525 5G millimeter wave once more, it is OK to make the mobile terminal product that uses this antenna to be designed main maintain airframe ply to be under 8 millimeter.

Module of antenna of QTM525 5G millimeter wave

In addition, to resolve the transmission weakness with other millimeter wave, must want to let base station more stand by an user, also because such, industry came out a lot of sound think, the cloth net certainly will of millimeter wave brings an user beside base the addition of the station, actually endless also like that. Be in according to be being connected high 2019 on MWC demonstrate, adopt technical measure nowadays, no matter be,still be indoors millimeter wave is used to have group net below the setting outdoor, uses antenna, base the station falls with Wi-Fi circumstance identical lower even. Exist far from deploy is small base the problem with station exorbitant cost.

About the radiation problem with afraid user, foreign expert is affirmatory also in studying a process, the millimeter wave that is used at 5G network all belongs to those who be not ionization type, this is meant, it harms human body without enough energy, so the user can be at ease.

What application setting does millimeter wave have at present?

Current, does millimeter wave provide experience to below what setting be gone to by application? Through the effort of the technical company of Qualcomm and so on, millimeter wave had gotten extensive applied setting:

Setting one: The network of conference center is enclothed

Believe a lot of had attended to exhibit the user of the meeting to have such experience, looking around large exhibit the circumstance of the meeting to fall, the network of the spot is enclothed always is very not ideal, but millimeter wave but very good settlement this one problem. Pursue as follows, the area is 1.3 million square about foot Las Vegas conference center, existing (X134) LTE/3G DAS installation is on the ceiling, pass antenna of GNodeB of millimeter wave of 5G new eat dishes without rice or wine and 3G/LTE DAS in all location, in 28GHz frequency paragraph below came true to be enclothed significantly, link of be issued to lower levels is enclothed make an appointment with 95% , MAPL is 115dB; Go up link is enclothed make an appointment with 95% , MAPL is 117dB.

Of course, be in center of low density conference, millimeter wave also received very good application, the following graph is exemple, gross area is 180 thousand square about foot center of low density conference, it is with 5G antenna of GNodeB of millimeter wave of new eat dishes without rice or wine and existing Wi-Fi receive a point likewise in all the means of location, in 28GHz frequency Duan Shi shows to be enclothed significantly, link of be issued to lower levels is enclothed about 87% , MAPL is 115dB; Go up link is enclothed about 92% , MAPL is 117dB.

In short, on two pieces pursue even if depicted the conference center in different dimensions crisply to fall, use 25GHz frequency paragraph what millimeter wave realized a network successfully is comprehensive enclothe.

Setting 2: The network that forecasts indoor gymnasium is enclothed

The network that another typical application setting is the field such as gymnasium enclothes millimeter wave. If plan institute is shown, it is a gross area is 3000 square about foot large and indoor gymnasium, corridor antenna position was used in graphic representation (namely altitude is installed) can offer first-rate millimeter wave to enclothe. It is likewise in 28GHz frequency paragraph below, link of be issued to lower levels and go up link is enclothed 100% , among them MAPL of link of be issued to lower levels is 110dB, go up link MAPL is 112dB.

Setting 3: The network of interior company setting is enclothed

Indoors millimeter wave of new eat dishes without rice or wine of 5G of arrange of enterprise setting bottom, need to use only 1: 1 or part in all location, can realize the network that rivals instantly Wi-Fi to cover the result, realize the high rate of 5G network to transmit at the same time.

The prospective foreground of millimeter wave

Of course, afore-mentioned application setting returns the environment that is an experiment merely to fall, specific application still needs to undertake more test and verify. But OK and affirmative is the main skill that millimeter wave shows to already became 5G network business to use be born. Global each country also been beginninging to allocate the resource of spectrum of millimeter wave mainstream, following plan institute show:

Company of research and development of global communication technology also has begun to be in after 3GPP Rel-15 in version millimeter wave of new eat dishes without rice or wine of gradual progress 5G, so that bring function, efficiency, spectrum and deploy side brand-new good luck.

In short, to terminal user, millimeter wave of 5G new eat dishes without rice or wine will become future to change the crucial technology of user online experience directly. You want to know only, below the help of millimeter wave, 5G network will more rapid implementation business uses be born. After using be born when 5G network business, what the author guesses most propbably to show meeting occurrence more be less than in expect is brand-new use setting, these setting, it is now unthinkable, but be sure is to overturn the user experiences!