Write civil / Feng Limin (associate professor of college of science of life of Beijing Normal University)
Article section is chosen from " knowledge is force " magazine
"The king in animal "
Northeast tiger, the biggest felid on the world, be known as " the king in animal " . Its constitution magnificent, movement strong and vigorous, bearing is august, it is developmental perfect top class the person that prey.
More than 100 years ago, northeast tiger spreads all over an Asia the area northeast, if China is northeast,peninsula of 3 provinces, Korea is mixed area of Russia far east. Among them, the forest of Chinese northeast area is the distributinging area with northeast main tiger, achieve " numerous hill all has a tiger " grand occasion, the northeast tiger that is be worthy of the name " birthplace " .
Northeast tiger life is less than 20 years commonly. Such it all one's life basically spending:
After northeast tiger is born, grow below the makings of need understand without being told of essence of life in tigress and learn 18~22 month, wait for blossom " young tiger " , can leave a mother, those who build oneself is feudal. Female " young tiger " won't leave tigress too far, can rely on tigress closely to build those who belong to oneself is feudal. Occasionally, tigress also is met oneself feudal let a daughter, rebuild by its feudal. Male " young tiger " differ completely, it will be far from a mother, arrive to be searched besides a thousand li and be built even feudal. Xiong Huyuan leaves mother and sister, basically be to avoid inbreeding.
After northeast tiger is grown, what need to build oneself above all is feudal. What have oneself only is feudal, talent is enough " knot legitimate child " . The feudal range of northeast tiger is very general big, especially male tiger. Give northeast tiger to adorn necklace tracks research to discover according to area of Russia far east, the feudal area of male tiger often exceeds 1000 square kilometre, and the feudal area of tigress is controlled in 400 square kilometre.
Normally, between different hero tiger feudal do not overlap, between different tigress feudal do not overlap, this is the " that common saying says one hill nots allow 2 tigers " . But, this common saying is completely not correct, of male tiger feudal OK however as feudal as tigress jackknife, and, of a male tiger feudal will enclothe many tigress feudal, in other words, northeast tiger is belonged to " polygamous " make. After those who wait for male tiger and tigress to build stability is feudal, begin oestrus copulatory. Theoretic northeast tiger is met all the year round oestrus, but because of northeast area winter occur simultaneously of snow of endless, wind, climate is chilly, northeast tiger is in to avoid the winter kitten with abominable condition, there can be the small fastigium of an oestrus in spring, such meetings are in summerly fall is gravid kitten. Male tiger and tigress are finished inside several days make the departure after matching, tigress can is pregnant 97~103 Queen of heaven produces next young, foster children to be brought up alone. One embryo produces general and northeast tiger 3 right-and-left young. Wait for young after grown manhood leaves tigress, tigress reentrance the next is progenitive and periodic.
Feral and northeast tiger has very typical felid action, the life is not groovy law. The life of grown hero tiger is to catch hunt, perambulatory with protection feudal, copulatory, circulate so. The life of grown tigress is to catch hunt, perambulatory with protection young of feudal, copulatory, Yo, circulate so.
Northeast tiger is the species of food chain top, have crucial effect to maintaining the stability of silvan ecosystem and health. However, in nearly more than 100 years, suffer serious human development and mobile effect, northeast tiger is planted group of amounts and distributinging area all rapid and cut. Current, amount of feral and northeast tiger controls the whole world 500 times only, distributing to be mixed at Chinese northeast only area of Russia far east.
In Chinese churchyard, study according to diversity of biology of Beijing Normal University the group is long-term scientific research discovery, in 2012~2014 year, china is reached in Jilin province the eastpart part only border of Heilongjiang southeast ministry in Russia crosses area area to discover feral and northeast tiger to plant group live, the amount is 27, by alliance of world nature protection (IUCN) label endangered species, be labelled by Chinese government one class key protects the country wild animal. Accordingly, protect northeast tiger, need to protect whole forest and ecosystem.
