The advance business of bright generation, can say advance trade is already unusual at that time brilliant. Arrived Qing Dynasty takes the place of, advance business produced change. We also said bright generation is brilliant temporarily advance business may go, for instance we a moment ago said, wang Jia, zhang Jia, this goes. And the advance business of clear generation, more it is ego struggles grow rise.
The advance business of clear generation basically is to run 3 industries. An industry is called shipboard, what makes merchant fleet? Have this industry of international trade with Japan namely. How is business of this industry advance done?
You say advance business also is not next to ocean, how can you do business with Japanese? The edge has a historical parent here. Where is what germ? We a moment ago respecting, bright generation opened foreign trade, also include the trade with Manchu among them. So in those days advance business a lot of people do business to north and Manchu. Sell them Manchu need thing, the needs thing that the ginseng that exchanges Manchu next, marten waits a moment. So Manchu thinks advance business is particularly big to their help. And advance business is in business in the process, complaisant, sincere letter needs a person, also make Manchu superstratum character, be interested in them very much. Accordingly full person is entered close after building quiet day, seal 8 advance business the business that it is emperor. This is very high honor, acknowledgment advance business is contributed to theirs, because this seals 8 advance business,be emperor business.
Business of these 8 advance has a surname model, it is now the smooth Yao person of Shanxi. The elder of model home calls Fan Yongdou, this people of a certain kind reachs after on call Fan Yubin. In those days Er of standard pattern of calm down of Kang Xi's emperor is revolting need army provisions. But rely on governmental motion army provisions, a commissariat is bought repeatedly belt carry, carry goes to border area, want 120 two silver, very expensive. This Fan Yubin studies carefully this problem. He discovers, this is the government is done carry, efficiency is accordingly low. If be me,do that to be able to depreciate. He is emperor business, so he says to Kang Xi's emperor, you hand in the carriage of this commissariat to my body. You is now a two 120 commissariat? You let me carry, my 45 two silver, can carry your commissariat. If delay military situation, I aux would rather be punished puts to death, can establish military orders record. Kang Xi's emperor listens pretty good ah, can let him try. Gave him the task of carry grain accordingly. He finished the job that offers food to frontline troops satisfactorily. Press in those days estimation, saved 6 million two silver for clear government about. Kang Xi's emperor is in accurate Ga Er is revolting suppress after gaining a victory, very glad, be about to reward him, seal an official to him. Fan Yubin says with Kang Xi's emperor, we are the other peoples that be in business, take the official seriously not quite actually. If your Laogao is promoted, give us a right to day trade, we will be very obliged. Kang Xi's emperor thinks, must somebody makes the trade to Japan, gave model home the right that manages to Japan.
In those days special to day trade make money. According to the account on the book, carry Chinese thing Japan goes, the medicinal herbs of the cotton cloth of the silk of the book of the four treasures of the study e.g. China, China, China, China, China is waited a moment, carry goes to Japan, with earning 5, can earn 5 namely the money of times. The thing that you sell in Japan sold fund later, you do not come to money recapture, you buy copper in Japan, because of China in those days special be short of copper. You turn him into home of cupreous carry back to come, can with changing 10, have this decuple profit again. So model home pursues the trade of this industry in those days, what this commerce does is very flourishing. In those days model home is built in a lot of places dock, storehouse is waited a moment. To day trade, because carry a tool,be a boat, so we call these people shipboard.
When is this shipboard breaking down? It is Qianlong year. Await in those days on one hand after model home became rich also luxury of hard to avoid is corrupt. For instance in those days model home rests in Shanxi interpose built a market, the both sides of this one street the house that is model home completely. Model home had money, unusual make public. And ornamental columns erected in front of palaces stood on the grave of their home. The government looks, wow, still dare establish ornamental columns erected in front of palaces, wicked. Plus them the management of later period also gave a problem to be stranded fortunately, because of this Qianlong emperor them domestic search sb's house and confiscate his property. Evermore, model home with respect to decline. Accordingly we are called shipboard in clear generation, it is inchoate advance business.
The 2nd calls camel the side namely. What calls camel the side? Pursue tea trade to Russia namely. The tea commerce of advance business is the activity with advance very main business, all the time from bright generation terminal achieve clear acting last stage.
Advance business is in Russia, outside the tea that Mongolia sells is very influential. For example in those days advance business has kind of brick tea, above imprint one plain child, of Sichuan plain. Call plain word card brick tea, this is in Russia Mongolia, the impact is extremely big. After so commerce of the Russia in 80 time was connected, in those days Russia is planned economy, sent foreign trade group to come via trade department to us. Drew a shipping list to classics trade department, the plain word card that there is in indenture among them is Shanxi brick tea. The person of foreign trade ministry is astonied, shanxi does not produce tea, which have tea to sell you. Probably they do not know this paragraph of history, so he does not know. The Russian says, our Russian too tea of brand of greeting plain word. How much do we drink to feel to drink insufficient, first-rate.
Actually tea of plain word brand is in abroad not only influential, influential also in home. Well-known writer Mr Deng Jiugang is Mongolia, once had told on TV, say them older generation person mentions brick tea, call plain word card brick tea, the famous brand that is noise carrying a top on the head. He says he can hear old people this generation is recollected to it.
So we look, visible Shanxi businessman and Russia, outside Mongolia does tea business to had had very long history. This business, as a result of in treaty autograph makes an appointment with Ni Buchu between Russia, tea commerce offerred more convenience between the Russia in giving. Because this advance business pursues tea trade, this commerce is a tea the ovine building hole of the fierce exterminate hill from Fujian and Hubei, contracted over through advance business, perhaps bought big tea garden, machine it into brick tea next, through canalage carry goes to Wuhan, reach Home Zhang through overland carry from Wuhan again mouth. Use a camel in Zhang Jia mouth next, the Mongolia outside carrying them, carry goes to Russia. Namely tea commerce basically is rely on a camel carry, because of this tea commerce, we call camel the side.
Such OK saying, neither one does not pursue each advance trade probably of this business. Famous Cao Jia, Qiao Jia, constant home, get rich through tea commerce. So we say tea commerce has very important place on advance business history all the time. From the Wu Yi of Fujian so hill starts, through Wuhan, pass piece of members of a family, go to Russia again. This road, be called the road of onshore tea. I think although this road is so not as famous as the Silk Road, but also had very big effect on the history. Adopt this way, advance business carries tea to Russia, outside Mongolia, russia, outside the wheat of Mongolia still has fur to carry China comes etc, the commerce of two countries of the Russia in be opposite is significant. This is the 2nd, we call camel the side.
Clear generation calls a ticket the 3rd times the side, namely the v/arc a firm exchange and transfer of money that we say. When this v/arc a firm exchange and transfer of money holds water? From now for, everybody thinks, the first v/arc a firm exchange and transfer of money namely sun rises prosperous, be in path light 3 years, what appeared 1823 namely. Should say the occurrence of this v/arc a firm exchange and transfer of money, also be a business chance actually. What business chance, namely in those days order of society of quiet day metaphase is confused, bai Lian teachs uprise. Accordingly, in the process that the businessman earned money recapture home, often can be robbed. In those days the village of Xi Yucheng dye of Shanxi, each district of this painty village has branch. Master Li Daquan of Xi Yucheng, it is a special love make friend, very forthright person. So some friends say with him to this semicolon, I give your semicolon my money, next you are written to me, I to you total number takes money, this not we two convenient? To need not bringing back it for me, there still are a lot of risks on the road. To there are you for you semicolon also needs money, you also need not send the past money. Is this quite not convenient?
Li Daquan feels OK, give a help to be no problem with the friend. Because this Li Daquan helps a lot of people take silver in their semicolon, arrive next total number, he writes brief note to take money in total number. Li Daquan this thing was known by a lot of people, everybody looks for Li Daquan. At that time Lei Lvtai discovers, saying to begin Li Daquan is the deed that should do this thing to help a friend, without commercial interest. But Lei Lvtai thinks, how to do a business this thing, can that make money? Proposal plum large a standard-sized sheet manages a v/arc a firm exchange and transfer of money. So Li Daquan changed day to raise prosperous v/arc a firm exchange and transfer of money with respect to the inn of Xi Yucheng dye him, investment 300 thousand. This is the first v/arc a firm exchange and transfer of money.
After this v/arc a firm exchange and transfer of money is built, get very quickly the welcome of broad businessman. We make money to place, take a scrip, this is very safe. Come home, in them total number gets silver again. This is very safe. Even what do you need, he can collect money to you. You say you need how many money in the business of this Sichuan now, you bring silver past inconvenience, good, v/arc a firm exchange and transfer of money goes, he collects money to you. Because this v/arc a firm exchange and transfer of money is fast,development rises.
So in those days countrywide altogether has 51 v/arc a firm exchange and transfer of money. These 51 v/arc a firm exchange and transfer of money inside advance business occupied 43. These 43 inside the total number that has 22 is the Ping Yao in Shanxi. Be thought the Ping Yao of what Shanxi also is called Chinese wall street? Namely here, concentrated Chinese v/arc a firm exchange and transfer of money, because this becomes the center of Chinese finance.
The someone says, v/arc a firm exchange and transfer of money is the rural grandfather of contemporary bank. Rural grandfather, grandfather is immediate successive impact, earth of rural grandfather no more than a bit just, so the altogether of v/arc a firm exchange and transfer of money of advance business was to exist 100 years or so. From 1821 sun of the first v/arc a firm exchange and transfer of money rises prosperous generation, arrive after revolution of laborious the last of the twelve Earthly Branches, v/arc a firm exchange and transfer of money in succession ruined, probably 100 old, accomplished collect exceeding lofty or great to fall, develop to Chinese commerce, can speak of inestimable action. Accordingly, v/arc a firm exchange and transfer of money is called a the most brilliant paragraph to be advance business, also be advance business history a the most marvelous paragraph.
Business of clear acting advance arrived after revolution of the last of the twelve Earthly Branches of laborious of quiet day last years of a dynasty or reign, advance business broke down quickly. This breaks down, also be united in wedlock with his government-owned businessman closely related. This, I do an analysis even after. From this so we can see, the advance business of Shanxi can say is China's earliest commerce birthplace, the trader with advance the accordingly earliest also trader. Experienced bright Qing Dynasty two generation, take the place of in Qing Dynasty especially, created brilliant. Accordingly, the finance that the history of advance business can say is a brightness history. Still a lot of people are in this now research.
We tell advance business history, everybody has a knowledge to the development of advance business. Why can advance business succeed? We discuss this issue then again the next time. Thank everybody.
