At the beginning of 13 centuries, after hophornbeam unites desert north prairie really, began external outspread. Review whole the Asia-Europe mainland of 13 centuries, the military successes be the champion of prairie cavalry. Subsequently as a result of predestined relationship of Asia-Europe mainland each district board piece the geographical block between is broken and humanitarian difference, mongolia empire produces division, yuan of big empire is built. Be not worth hundred years time merely next, yuan face is overthrown by Zhu Yuanzhang, become thousands of years of feudal history of Chinese to go up only once by south the dynasty that is overthrown north. So yuan day appeared after all what problem, why does the martial actual strength of its reach the limit fail to rescue the destiny that the dynasty completes collapse?
Do-nothing and treat with Cheng Zhu Li learns
First Taoist school of the Qin Dynasty emperor of person person praise highly is do-nothing and treat, bookman of face of the Song Dynasty is chased after hold Confucianist a Confucian school of idealist philosophy of the Song and Ming Dynasties in both hands, this dominates in Yuan Chaoguan an associate in office estate interior all has reflect. Do not cross yuan of face ruler what place expression comes out is do-nothing and treat, be not stem from doctrine of this Taoist school of heart praise highly really, the bureaucratic taxation that does not know Central Plains area as a result of its oneself however is regnant and logistic, fail to reinforce the concern that is the same as group of Chinese ground bookman again, because this did not carry out close census register,the system imposes a system with farming duty.
Yuan face rises from Hu Bilie times, very thought of praise highly a Confucian school of idealist philosophy of the Song and Ming Dynasties, yuan the Confucianism that adopts toward place of regnant Central Plains is a Confucian school of idealist philosophy of the Song and Ming Dynasties is sent. because of such, yuan court official in feudal times often shows some kind of awe-inspiring righteousness in a few crucial node, the pure official to oneself virtuous mind image very, and do not know flexible. And as whole, yuan Chaozhong center is in face when each district is rebellious likewise such, to express day day tolerance, often can choose offer amnesty and enlistment to rebels and seal an official, this is abet instead each district is rebellious trend.
Yuan struggle of face interior power is abominable
Yuan face last years of a dynasty or reign, yuan Huizong of famous a fatuous and self-indulgent ruler (Zhu Yuanzhang says it is yuan of suitable emperor) and fight inside prince endlessly, prince hopes emperor of the buddhist inside incompetent Yuan Huizong is located in all the time oneself, such prince can begin clean up affairs of state, yuan resurgence is big. Royal interior abdicate and hand over the crown to another person is in the other dynasty period such as Tang Su an administrative unit in Xizang, Song Qinzong, will to be able to make sense from legally constituted authority, calculate going up is groovy operation. Pay attention to yuan of face of a Confucian school of idealist philosophy of the Song and Ming Dynasties however, it is emperor or major courtier no matter object prince and empress stoutly offer. Strange empress and prince request congratulate only early or late, take off, enlarge outline Tamerlane (Wang Baobao) 3 prime minister drive this matter, all be rejected by in stern words of pure official of 3 a Confucian school of idealist philosophy of the Song and Ming Dynasties. Yuan face is in of Yuan Huizong regnant below one every day decline continues, have to prince comes back namely high-ranking military officer of counterespionage part army, removed proponent of lever of Yuan Huizong iron, king of army old man protects the army right that protect. And right now Zhu Yuanzhang has beaten constellation enemy Chen Youliang, take the advantage of the machine of yuan of face civil war, northern expedition of edge the Grant Canal thes capital city and its environs.
Of Yuan Chaohuang emperor and prince contend for evolve for yuan army inside bottle, after final emperor wins victory, what everybody is faced with is the situation that prince is Chu Jun as before however. That is to say the word of prince of stand in line, instantly demotes experience, king of stand in line keeps the word that keep, future does not have good fruit to eat. Not only such, as a result of the feature of alliance of noble of prairie nation war, yuan face each district often happens likewise between clique of square actual strength be at war. Yuan the regnant logic that the hero talks with the armed strength on face general prairie heads division of farmland of Central Plains farming, huge loss regnant foundation, appeared serious natural environment refuses to obey.
Save an institution all right imperfectly
Travel province system is the one great pioneering work with yuan of government politics medium management, what strengthened yuan of face on certain level is centralized regnant, it is the one big exploration that imperial court centre builds to local administration system. The travel province system that establishs from Yuan Chaojian passes bright Qing Dynasty later of two generation accede and complete, make the good system that consolidates the multinational country is united. At the beginning of founding however, exist however a lot of imperfectly, very similar even seal hedge mode.
Fine the history that reads yuan of end farmer uprise, we can discover an interesting phenomenon. Besides with yuan the Chen You of official pose as is decided and He Zhen, and as a result of official of offer amnesty and enlistment to rebels did not talk about approach and when the Fang Guozhen that falls when betray. The others turns over yuan of force a few times to all visit an administration area at Henan Jiang Beihang centrally inside. The difference between province of visible area travel is great, this brings about various places great to difference of center centripetal force, appear easily the place sets up a separatist regime by force of arms force.
Imperial examinations the system is unvalued
Allude in front, yuan Chaoyi holds a Confucian school of idealist philosophy of the Song and Ming Dynasties in the palm to administer Central Plains, but do not be good at building complete bureaucratic system however. This is be expert at the expression on province system accuses local work by the warlord palm of hedge king property to can be relied on only, on official choose expression is the ignored that makes to imperial examinations. Yuan face ruler fails to realize build complete the Han people bureaucratic system, to the importance with agricultural taxation and regnant place, because this pays equal attention to,inspect imperial examinations system.
Imperial examinations the system is useless when the add when Yuan Chaoshi is broken, fashionable. Meanwhile bookman is in imperial examinations because yuan of face is not taken seriously, below social class. Lack enough rising space, this brings about yuan of face to did not get intellectual stratum support. Yuan end farmer uprises, the affiliation of a lot of intellectuals, huge promoted the development rate of uprise army, accelerated yuan of face be defeated die.
Bai Lian teachs and rub the influence that the Buddhist nun teachs
Because do not have the regnant logic that realises Central Plains area clearly, fail to build a complete bureaucratic system consequently. Do not have pair of census register systems and travel province system to undertake be tuballed strictly accusing not only without yuan of face of mature and bureaucratic system, treated trade activity and religious culture activity to also take the way of similar indulge.
Yuan Chaoshi, bai Lian teachs and rub Buddhist nun teaching is able to develop for a long time secretly, with Yuan Chaozhong the loose policy of center does not have nothing to do is. As turn over two yuan of manner is most determined justice army, han Lin with Xu Shouhui it is rub the Buddhist nun teachs one's previous experience. because such, zhu Yuanzhang just can say yuan be with wide lose the world, this is very reasonable.
Yuan Chaozhen is pressed justice army the strange flower operation when
Ever alluded in front, yuan when face faces uprise, want exterminate difficulty only, often can adopt the policy of investitive of offer amnesty and enlistment to rebels. This kind those who encouraged rebellious practice to encourage each district essentially is rebellious. However the circumstance that even if existence uprises exterminate namely, yuan Chaotong appearance can appear a lot of strange flower operations.
Mail 3 months high when what prime minister takes off 1 million main forces to surround Zhang Shicheng, be about to capture when, official of given to flattery of the political opponent in face breaths out hemp to take off waste man power and money to Yuan Huizong bring a false charge against sb, raise bandit self-prossessed. Then the emperor is faced blast change will imperial edict is communicated to yuan army in taking off account, inside and outside of the government and the public is all witting take off be about to by recall Beijing, and he what be detested by prince and emperor at the same time will 10 do not have to death unripe. Accordingly army the lieutenant general gets dead expostulate with to take off, beg captures city reopen imperial edict is not late, can contend for probably in that way opportunity of survival of a gleam of. Take off however insist to do faithful gentleman pure official, rise return Beijing, yuan army disintegrate. Tamerlane of another rarely of examine of Lu Yuanjun general, have the name of Ares, and the uncle that is Wang Baobao holds foster father concurrently. Take the advantage of Gong Jinjun faction when him when, defeat uprise army greatly, and summon sb to surrender Tian Feng, Wang Shicheng. But all along of examine rarely Tamerlane is proud, treat the manner with imperial court arrogant chancellery to make Tian Feng very repellent, turn then and seek bayonet charge. The ministry of examine rarely Tamerlane will suspected Tian Feng's intent at that time, but he insists to safeguard oneself with sincere the image that needs a person, be assassinated finally.
From right yuan in be being combed toward what complete collapse, we can discover, yuan face ruler is admitted on one hand Confucianism the thought basics that learns to serve as regnant Central Plains, fail to understand deeply again on one hand farming the regnant logic of agrarian civilization, introduce a lot of prairie styles Central Plains even, the knot plays a lot of hidden trouble. Erupt finally when natural and man-made disaster when, domestic machine meets whole Yuan Chaoguo the case that occurrence movement is out of order, be replaced finally by new force place.
