Those who let Chinese angst poplar garrulous backside, ever " save " 8 million person of Beijing!_News

Spring came, the day of flying catkins of full town of Beijing and other very much city also arrived.

Library father's younger brother serves as sensitive constitution, must wear guaze mask, cover close collar, prevent allergy. Like believing many library friend also follow library father's younger brother, pained because of be being surrounded by flying catkins.

By the pedestrian that flying catkins surrounds

So, why can you have so much flying catkins? Did not administer method?

Although flying catkins is aggravating, but the library is friendly people know, in 20 centuries 70 time, do the poplar that brings flying catkins and willow Ceng Zheng help the 8 million person of Beijing?

And father's younger brother audition a library is told about one by one for you.

Civil | Appearance of Shan of Xie Fang money ( Bing Wang Zhiku's trainee)

Does flying catkins have much dreariness?

Do not know the library is friendly people had listened such a news:

December 2015, champion of some two Olympic Games gets him chief commander the stump of 8 poplar horizontal waist inside the village, what do not remain 10 meters tall, bald only is truncal, be informed against by other resident. Chopping the person that cultivate to claim is for " problem of processing flying catkins " , subsequently the city runs intervening investigation, also agreed with her view, do not grant to investigate duty.

Be worth Beijing to be all over the sky at that time the season of flying catkins, this incident also caused people to chop the discussion of the tree to this. That flying catkins and poplar have why to concern, brought what kind of influence to the life again, bring so that Olympic Games champion wants to chop a tree to come " processing " ?

Actually, flying catkins is the natural phenomenon that the blast of plant seed maturity such as poplar and willow cracks.

Poplar, willow divides male individual plant and female individual plant. Male individual plant not flying catkins. The poplar of male individual plant blossoms in early spring, inflorescence is shown mostly Brown or cardinal, very caterpillar resembling wool, leave to drop, do not change into garrulous. The willow circumstance of male individual plant and poplar are similar.

The inflorescence of male poplar

The flying catkins of all over the sky, come from female individual plant. Spring, be the inning of offspring of multiply of female individual plant, they grow there are a lot of spherules on the inflorescence that go out, spherule is grown after becoming round, bilge broken, show batt account " garrulous " . These " garrulous " it is a seed, wind-force of have the aid of reachs the insect, be gone out by transmission, the multiply that finish.

Those who let Chinese angst poplar garrulous backside, ever " save " 8 million person of Beijing!

Of female poplar inflorescence " garrulous " more agglomeration.

Of female willow inflorescence " garrulous " finer, dispersive, can wave along with wind very far.

Beijing cultivates poplar, willow breed basically includes Bai Maoyang, Canada poplar, dryland willow, weeping willow. Current, beijing has poplar, willow female individual plant 2 million individual plant, be in the majority with poplar, stage of this world of main distributinging hold office at court, Haidian, abundant 3 areas, center at park, wadi two side, freeway is two side, old the area such as old village.

Annual of spring " breed regale " , a female tree can produce a kilogram flying catkins, the number that face a market with 1 million plan female tree group almost at the same time flying catkins, although avirulent, but also let whole Beijing city " mad " .

Of flying catkins wave the health that those who come loose to browbeat above all is people, especially sensitive constitution crowd. Arrive spring, beijing is all the reception of hospital outpatient service number metropolis increase sharply, a doctor makes the same score relevant section office to all can recieve 20-30 everyday because of flying catkins allergic person.

Flying catkins contacts the person's skin, may cause skin allergy, sao is urticant, the eye is red; If enter respiratory tract unfortunately, the likelihood causes cough and respiratory tract oedema, more serious person may accentuate asthmatic, chronic bronchitic wait for respiratory tract disease. Flying catkins returns portable bacteria, generation across sex is infected.

Next, menace is communal and safe. Flying catkins body is lighted easily, incidence is big, the flying catkins of 10 square metre encounters bright fire to be able to be burned inside 2 seconds.

Ever had media coverage, only on April 28, 2017 a day, 119 command centers of Beijing receive the fire that causes because of flying catkins 301 cases. Had done not have a few days, parking lot of sunny Ou Mou also produces fire, 90 motor vehicle are different degree is ham, many 20 by complete burn down, the flying catkins that on fire reason is accumulation burns quickly (according to figuring accident fountainhead is one does not have the butt that is extinguished, the butt temperature that did not go out can amount to 800 ℃ ) .

Trouble spot of parking lot of sunny Ou Mou

In addition, flying catkins returns pedestrian of meeting keep out, car to give a line of vision, affect traffic safety; Jam car cistern carbon fin, bring about car boil flameout to cause traffic accident to wait.

Since flying catkins has so much harm, why does Beijing want kind of so much poplar and willow?

Poplar and willow Ceng Zheng save Beijing!

This wants from found a state initial stage speaks of.

At that time, our country just passes the time of chaos caused by war of military crop failure, forest is destitute, green subsidise, the forest is enclothed rate it is only 8.9% . Beijing the city zone only remnant trade cultivates 87 kilometers, communal greenbelt 476 hectare, trifling sixty-four thousand one hundred individual plant is arboreous, 8 Da Ling also became barren mountain bald mountain range.

Below this kind of circumstance, our country northern city, especially Beijing, ever sufferred sand and dust to be invaded cruelly, annual spring most those who make a person awe-stricken is Huang Sha of all over the sky, block day my day. Show according to statistic of data of Beijing observatory sand and dust: 20 centuries sand and dust of area of 50 time Beijing is the most serious, number of day of spring sand and dust is as high as 26 days on average.

The Beijing below sanded dust storm

At that time, well-known writer Deng Youmei publishs " in windstorm " the depict of cruel to Beijing sand and dust corporeal elephant:

They go out before long, colour of sky darkens, whole universe is covered by Huang Sha completely, it is difficult that people breathes repeatedly. When waiting for me to hit two phones to go out, windstorm already was blown very fiercely outside, branch became mad the chaos that be like the ground shakes, of whole building site in the sky rotating sandy soil, paring, sawdust and hub. I just visited the site, the that heard fir pole to break off and the creak sound that plunge into the to twist off that tie a string. Someone cries: "Washed-up, fast sheer, block wind wall to be about immediately. Block wind wall to be about immediately..

U.N. Environment Programme announces even: Beijing is " world desert turns brim city " .

Then, in 20 centuries 60, 70 time, urban afforest take advantage of an opportunity starts, the whole nation lifted afforestation compaign up and down, beijing still begins those who removed dynamic " people afforest war " .

Dweller of tiger lane road is irrigating China cypress earth to sapling, the picture films 1961

In those days " team of afforestation of iron girl of close cloud county " hold to afforestation graph all the year round | " Beijing daily "

But forest activity also appeared a few problems, the survival rate that the most outstanding is sapling is not high.

To carry out afforest better, the forest of Beijing begins to throw more energy on seed selection, choose fully poplar, willow, cedar, ash, paulownia, masson pine is waited a moment. But these trees plant exist mostly such or in that way problem:

Plant of * fir division is fond of Wen Aichao's wet zoology environment, suit to live Yu Ya tropics and dimming temperate zone;

* ash is " local tyrant is cultivated " , growing fast while the many fertilizer in derive soil and moisture, cause edaphic sand easily to change -- before kind the big province Guangxi of ash, with respect to Ceng Yin water natural resources is destroyed, and the ash of groove guard of ground of farmland of many fell trees, fountainhead;

On Guangxi forest in clear eucalyptus action of the county, the villager cultivates the ash in farmland to be chopped to fall. Because was not become forest, fine fine ash doing sells not superior price. Graph | " southern on the weekend "

* paulownia plants a shallow, crown of a tree the water content that establish a root is big, big easy fragile crack, not classics harships;

Although * masson pine is not tall to edaphic requirement, but be afraid of waterlogging, do not be able to bear or endure salt alkaline, happy event is lukewarm, do not be able to bear or endure be shadedby foilage.

Anthology will be chosen, still be past dynasties the poplar that is in Beijing with respect to grow and willow are good.

Above all, get used to ability extremely strong, alkali resistance is able to bear or endure drought. To the northern region of little rain, poplar is having more " afforest Yang Jiajiang " beautiful praise.

Next, become a useful person fast. The equipment that mentions above chooses arboreous cedar, ash to wait, their become a useful person time is in basically 10 to 20 years between. And poplar, willow grows rate is surprise fast, general 5 can become a useful person to 8 years, can use for fell trees.

Again, so green that time grows, crown of a tree is shock, shady the effect is good, the actor that is urban afforest is chosen. It is with willow exemple, in all sorts of hardwood, it is gemmiparous the earliest, deciduous leaf is the latest, green period be as long as 10 months. Poplar, willow still has very strong fight contaminative ability: Diameter of bosom of one individual plant 20 centimeters poplar, can absorb carbon dioxide one year 172 kilograms, release oxygen 125 kilograms, sluggish dirt 16 kilograms; Diameter of bosom of one individual plant 20 centimeters willow, can absorb carbon dioxide one year 281 kilograms, release oxygen 204 kilograms, sluggish dirt 36 kilograms.

The willow in park of the North sea

Finally, very cheap. Found a state earlier, our country 100 useless wait for promote, afforest city is not urgent affairs really, can save a province, poplar, willow seedling has absolutely advantage on the price. Up-to-date, the small poplar seedling that grows one year, one individual plant is less than 10 money, the diameter exceeds 5 centimeters poplar, have more than is needed of one individual plant 30 money.

such, poplar and willow, the poplar that loves especially in north, become Beijing afforest to cultivate planted first selection, afforest project of the whole nation was formed gradually " north poplar (tree) domestic general, creek of southern sand home (cedar) " pattern.

The result of afforest of the whole people is very satisfactory also, the forest of our country is enclothed rate rise gradually, the day of sanded dust storm of Beijing is counted also drop off. Show according to statistic of data of Beijing observatory sand and dust: The day of average sand and dust of Beijing area counts 26 days from 50 time, successive decreases, 60-80 time comes 20 days in 10 days between fluctuant, 90 time are less than 5 days; Dropped later 2010.

Countrywide forest covers rate change map | " People's Daily " 2005.9.26 the 14th edition

Can say, poplar, willow is stood to leave meritorious service by the Beijing of mad cruel of sanded dust storm in those days to rescue.

But Where is the consequence that why to consider flying catkins at that time?

Male and female not differentiate brings a trouble!

It is with poplar exemple, original, the poplar that makes contribution for Beijing afforest is a lot of more phyletic, the Hei Yang that includes to be introduced from abroad, Canada poplar wait, it may be said is " 100 Yang Qi hair " , but grow after a few years, these breed wait for a reason because of plant diseases and insect pests, appear in succession the phenomenon with tree decadent situation.

Researcher at this point hard look for, just meet the Heibei at that time saves Lin Ke courtyard to excogitate the agrestic tree with excellent performance to plant -- Chinese white poplar, it has unripe the way corp is growing beautiful, easy canal protects body of good, tree wait for an advantage, be introduced in great quantities accordingly Beijing, replaced other poplar breed gradually.

Nevertheless, by variety of a large number of high grade poplar that introduce Beijing, be female individual plant however, academic a general designation is " Chinese white poplar of easy county female individual plant " . Teach Introduction Kang Xiangyang according to science of biology of Beijing forestry university and technical institute, because,this is poplar, willow female individual plant grows in early days rate is rapidder, and the sale of the nursery stock on the market presses valuation of diametical degree of finish more, the economic benefits that female breed brings is opposite taller, so by a large number of breed, sale, next " occupational " Beijing.

At that time, afforest saves Beijing is urgent affairs, be being said like a gardens worker, "Say honest word, gardens is green at that time chemical author more it is to consider how to let Beijing as soon as possible green rise, not special the issue that minds flying catkins. Not special the issue that minds flying catkins..

Arrived 90 time, these female individual plant development is mature, entered prime of life, had the demand of multiply offspring, on the verge of breaking out of flying catkins crisis.

After the flying catkins problem that realizes female individual plant, beijing begins those who restrict female individual plant to introduce gradually, but still cannot avoid female individual plant to enter town.

Because female individual plant grows very quickly really,this basically is, the effect of greenery dense can see inside short time, satisfy afforest requirement quickly. In addition, poplar, willow is growing earlier, mo Bian of male and female, a lot of experienced gardens worker are helpless also, send professional lab to do DNA a collection of illustrative plates to detect seedling only ability cent gives male and female. This gives a lot of undesirable businessmen with an opportunity given by, for much gain, sell the female individual plant with husky appearance when male individual plant, buy buyer to buy sow below unwitting circumstance, old hind female tree blossoms suddenly flying catkins just knows to be duped.

2013, beijing came on stage " tree of main and groovy afforestation plants Beijing catalog " , ask clearly to poplar to use male individual plant among them. Bureau of Beijing gardens afforest also sets at the same time, since 2015, in project of each gardens afforest, forbidden use poplar, willow female individual plant, in an attempt to from fountainhead processing poplar, willow flies garrulous.

Take small flying catkins can find no way out?

Occurrence problem, want naturally method is solved.

The first kind of method, train of thought is very simple, change a tree namely.

Fulminant 90 time are focussed in flying catkins problem, of impetus huge " Beijing of 1 million male Yang Jin " the project is put forward, 1994, chinese white poplar of large quantities of one male individual plant are rapid and occupational many road of Beijing. But measure of existence of male individual plant is little, newer rate is slow wait for a problem, also unlike " easy county female individual plant " vitality is tenacious, from kind after falling rise the 3rd year, begin to fall ill, how cannot be final final result already taken an examination of.

So, does the attempt change other tree to plant?

Not so simple.

Replacing tree is a huge project. A lot of female individual plant poplar, willow already became a useful person, the prime of life that is in a plant to grow period develop the most remarkable period with zoology benefit, if all fell trees falls into disuse, of manpower, material resources, financial capacity use up need not say oneself, the tree after changing is short-term inside also take sb's place original afforest is mixed hard block shade effect, the city can become a of bald.

In addition, change the tree of other breed also may not will be good go which. The cedar that mentions in front, ash, paulownia, masson pine has each drawback with respect to each. Besides these a few kinds besides, cry is highest is French phoenix tree and ginkgo.

The ginkgo of park of autumnal ground world is cultivated

From view and admire a gender to go up for, these two kinds of trees really very beautiful, but the fructification that place of French phoenix tree produces flies wool, aggravating degree relatively poplar, catkin go even farther than, and these wool wool are more petty, can fly into the respiratory tract of people directly, cause respiratory tract disease. And ginkgo the way corp is growing is slow, gemmiparous evening, deciduous leaf is early, cannot very fast shady, green period shorter, once tree age exceeds 30 years, coping is easy withered dead.

The cost that change a tree is very high also. Carry away the cost of a poplar wants 100 yuan of above, still do not include freight among them, and change to be as high as 1200 yuan of one individual plant into the price of French phoenix tree, if change entirely, at present with Beijing poplar is mixed willow amount, of expenditure exceed greatly imagination.

The 2nd kind of method is to give poplar and willow to become an operation, restrain its to give birth to garrulous.

Do for instance " metamorphic operation " , chop original crown of a tree of female individual plant, in the engraft on its bough young tender male branch, female the tree turns into male tree. Usually, poplar, willow " metamorphic " the elaborate conserve that needs 3 years at least after the success, ability restores originally landscape function and zoology benefit. "Metamorphic operation " cost cultivates 500 yuan or so for every, amount of a day of engraft is not worth a specialized worker 10, 2008 up to now, of Beijing engraft poplar, willow gross only 1000 more than individual plant.

Gardens worker is in willow engraft

The 3rd kind of commonly used means is to give a tree " take medicine " , cent is " to be taken orally " and " external use " .

"To be taken orally " medicaments calls flying catkins depressor, this kind of medicaments inject arrives poplar, willow and truncal, can restrain become divided of its female flower. But stitch 15 yuan simply a year, 2014, beijing injected 100 thousand individual plant poplar, willow female tree, basically distributing to be mixed in park, hospital nursery school is circumjacent.

Gardens worker is injecting depressor

"External use " medicaments is inflorescence scanty divide an agent, spray after this kind of drug, female flower foreword can fall off before flying catkins. Nevertheless the problem of drug depends on, can achieve the result of 70% only, and spray the process may cause air to pollute, the influence is gemmiparous early broad leaf plant, the damage of face of blade that causes them is out of shape.

The tree after use medicaments is comparative

The method of inflorescence of aspersion of other a few such as, clip, also can be in charge of only temporarily, without long action.

Such looking, take really poplar, doesn't catkin have method?

Not confused.

Be aimed at hero poplar, willow to grow slow, fall ill easily to wait for a problem, beijing forestry university established task group technically. Current, research and development of this task group went out " individual plant of boreal Lin Xiong 1 " and " boreal Lin Xiong individual plant 2 " , these two new breed cast off the inferior position of male poplar before this, had distinct advantage, it is tree form beautiful, male individual plant not flying catkins, be those who solve poplar flying catkins is appropriate replace breed; 2 it is to grow rapid, grow seedlings gives garden fast, can become quickly forest, grow seedlings and afforestation benefit are tall; 3 it is material pledges admirable, lumber is basic big, fiber grows density, fiber content content of tall, lignin is low, it is the appropriate breed that the fiber commercial forest such as pulp builds.

Recently, these two new breed already were mixed through national harvest appraisal national forest is thoroughbred and authorized, took national law to popularize a license surely, om a few days but throw on the market.

Nevertheless, although new breed throws production, its grow cycle also needs 3-5 year. Short-term inside, we are really by flying catkins " pose " !

Can protect oneself as far as possible only!

Flying catkins cannot be effected a radical cure temporarily, we can think method reduced his to be affected to his only.

Above all, go out should have done defend, especially allergic constitution crowd, had better wear cap, guaze mask to wait at the same time, choose to wear pants of long sleeve garment as far as possible, reduce the odds that suffers an effect. Have deep love for the library friend that take exercise to choose indoors to undertake as far as possible, if want to go out, choose as far as possible in poplar, when catkin is least, be like early morning, late night or showery later. Go out after coming home, should get on the body before taking the door poplar, catkin clears clean, avoid to be taken indoor continue to suffer harrass.

Next, if flying catkins is inadvertent pleasant to see, must not knead forcibly, the eyewinker is lesser and exciting not quite, reflection sex weeps meeting general its eduction. If cannot eduction, want to assure to be below aseptic premise, ask a friend to turn over fluctuation eyelid, with alexipharmic cotton light graze goes out, if not was sure, should timely seek medical advice. Have asthmatic medical history or allergic and serious patient, once appear symptom, also need timely seek medical advice.

Again, do good car to defend, fly in Yang Yang, catkin inside the cycle that come loose, had better increase " 3 filter " change maintain, prevent flying catkins to wave in car cistern carbon fin, form jam, cause flameout, cause traffic accident. Strengthen fire prevention consciousness even, do not throw butt in disorder, the parent teachs the child not to play with fire, before going out, in wanting to extinguish the home bright open fight between factions as far as possible dump, in case accident.

Finally, make us much think poplar and willow bring our good environment, choose a guaze mask that oneself like, had been borne these days!