Clever gene of the mankind turns to the monkey, does the meaning where?

Go to cerebrum gene move of the mankind inside rhesus body, this one research is not apparently think the authenticator compares a monkey only clever, because have the special gene of MCPH1 and so on,be, want to discuss person and impersonal spirit to grow kind of main reason on developmental course and biologic difference through this one angle however.

Rhesus (IC Photo/ pursues)

Group of old soldier research mixes institute of animal of Kunming of the Chinese Academy of Sciences to study a group many more domestic and internationally (the first accessary hospital and American north block college of medicine of college of Kunming grain industry, Kunming Luo Laina university) collaboration, first in the world compose was built carry human gene (MCPH1) of the copy turn gene rhesus, obtained 8 F0 generation and 3 F1 generation successfully to turn gene monkey, 5 survive and participated in an experiment finally.

Study the result makes clear, turn the nerve cell with gene monkey apparent existence and phenomenon of defer of nerve network maturity. As a result of the defer of nerve cell and nerve network, turn gene monkey becomes more clever, the young condition that is similar to human cerebra development lasts phenomenon, reflect for, the performance that checks monkey of change trains gene in the recollection that involves color and picture keep out is better, increased short-term memory.

This the person cerebrum gene of brigade of old large unit and its co-worker transfers the research inside rhesus body to be not apparently think the authenticator compares a monkey only clever, because have the special gene of MCPH1 and so on,be, want to discuss person and impersonal spirit to grow kind of main reason on developmental course and biologic difference through this one angle however.

Undeniable is, this one seminar faces the dispute on ethics. Before refer ethics controversy, see the gene with clever head of person of so called decision what have first, and it is to pass what mechanism to make a person longer than impersonal spirit kind cleverer.

The mankind is cleverer than impersonal primate, the reason has a lot of. Grow with respect to the person's cerebra and impersonal spirit only kind the difference of cerebrum, have the following sides: The cerebrum cubage that is a person is longer than impersonal spirit kind big; The 2 brain function areas that are a person are longer than impersonal spirit kind want much, be like much mix newly the coriaceous area with distinctive function, and this section volume is larger, but person and impersonal spirit are long kind primary motion is coriaceous with primary vision coriaceous opposite size did not change; The 3 contact nerve that are a person yuan the nerve between gives simple action mode look relatively grow at impersonal spirit kind have a change; The 4 nerve that are a person are colloid distributinging look of the cell is long to impersonal spirit kind produced bigger change.

The research before this proves, have a variety of crucial gene control and the growth that controlling cerebrum and function, MCPH1 gene is among them one of, and study lucidder.

MCPH1 gene is one of important gene of development of cerebra of adjusting control mankind, also be the earliest the gene of small head disease that is come out by appraisal. MCPH1 is short of break or mutation can bring about a kind of euchromosome disease of recessive and genetic obstacle, namely small head disease (deformation) , patient head is shrunken, intellectual growth lag. After this, still have researcher discovery, MCPH1 can be helped adjust and repair DNA injury, the signal that is a rehabilitate of ultra vivid DNA conducts process of cycle of access, exciting cell to wait will help DNA rehabilitate, also call DNA injury is respondent.

In the research of the doctoral Shi Lei that coachs in Su Bing, made more thorough exploration to the function of MCPH1 gene, through building the person's MCPH1 to turn the MCPH1 of gene small rat, macaque turns the MCPH1 of gene small rat and person turns proof of gene macaque model, MCPH1 gene is passed and E2F1 gene interaction, adjusting control a series of participation the gene that hyperplasia of cellular cycle control, cell splits up and cellular wither dies, participate in thereby clever the adjusting control that grows kind of cerebrum growth. MCPH1 gene of the person and impersonal spirit are long at the same time kind MCPH1 gene had produced apparent functional become divided, become divided of this kind of function may be capacity of the cerebra when bringing about human origin because of,the key that rapid spread adds is moved one of.

Clearly, brigade of old large unit this research is to want further proof, grow in person and impersonal spirit kind after MCPH1 gene produces difference, turn MCPH1 gene of the person into macaque again, the memory that discovers macaque rises somewhat, this explains this one gene has main effect to the person's intelligence.

Of course, the intellective gene that decides a person still has a lot of, if NOTCH2NL is the gene with human particular place, it can promote nerve when fetal development yuan a large number of formation, impersonal primate is mixed like macaque other infrahuman lack this one gene. This shows NOTCH2NL is likely distinct effect was produced in human evolution, also be to cause human cerebra to grow kind of cerebrum capacious than impersonal spirit one of main reasons. If also transfer this gene to macaque body, the nerve that also can let latter possibly yuan grow in quantity, thereby more clever.

Actually, this is a kind of method that grows kind of difference and developmental mechanism from gene and molecular mechanism authenticator and impersonal spirit, also be today a kind of method of researcher place rely heavily on sb's service. Till today, darwinian from simian be oppugned to the person's evolution, the reason depends on lacking enough fossil evidence. Even if is the Lucy that discovered in the Ethiopia 1974 (Lucy) (the generation of the stone of the ancients apperception that law of ancient simian A plants south says) it is the earliest ancestor that knows the mankind at present, also be the first erect walking mankind, before living in about 3.2 million years, but also lack more fossil and gene evidence, make enough evidential catenary and objective chain hard with the authenticator come from simian evolution.

Consider to discover nevertheless, the gene that one calls SRGAP2C is simian to the successor part company had main effect, it is to be about 2 million years ago south is ancient the DNA that a simian evolution appears for the inchoate mankind that lives in African llano is varietal. This one gene also is called " human nature is changed " and " be short of the genetic connection that miss " , it may be in the mankind produces main effect in intellective evolution.

In the absense of fossil, rely on gene and molecular research mostly to the research of human evolution, grow through comparative person and impersonal spirit kind gene difference, can figure give human evolution roughly process, time and direction. MCPH1 gene grows kind of medium difference in person and impersonal spirit, NOTCH2NL and SRGAP2C gene are in in the mankind particular, compare good evidence namely. And, present research turned MCPH1 gene of the person to prove to be able to improve latter intelligence really in macaque, explain the person is intellective in developmental process at least a contrail of evolution, also be the meaning place of this one research.

Such research can bring about ethics inevitably to go up be anxious and oppugn. The geneticist that American division collect pulls many university Zhanmusi Sikela (James Sikela) rather an article that the work in the same placing published 2010 " use turn gene impersonal primate studies, use turn the course that gene monkey will come to study the mankind and the gene with developmental and relevant cerebra are a special risk, the reason depends on, it is the ethics that involves animal right, the 2 results that are research may be brought about more gene editor of the extreme is transformed.

That is to say, if this kind considered to discover the gene that just can not improve memory, and the gene that other places face can decide more and its promote intelligence, include observation, memory, comprehension, imagination, analysis to judge ability of ability, thinking ability, meet an emergency to wait, be pair of mankinds entice, meeting somebody nots hesitate the risk will introduce this kind of gene, let oneself become more powerful, become even preterhuman.

The research of brigade of even if old large unit is regard research as the object with macaque, and rather than is research target with the person, but the ethical controversy of this one research also is clearly. And do such research to whether accord with animal ethics to macaque, also be a problem.

This one research can undertake the result is published having, the specification obtained ethics to committee is examined and be approved beforehand, nevertheless, suggest or should take seriously what the person place such as Sikela puts forward.

Southern engage by special arrangement contributes on the weekend piece of Tian Kan