Setting description: What should ask fruit and summer most build, the answer is watermelon certainly. Regard watermelon production and consumption as big country, china is in with the whole world the population of 20% used up a whole world 2018 the watermelon of 70% , average per capita 100 jins. How to choose the sweetest melon, also became " masses eating melon " the problem that cares very. A doctor of Zhejiang university, the method that uses machine study judges the maturity of watermelon, very ground connection is angry.
Keyword: Watermelon is acoustics the feature detects machine study
Big data makes clear, this summer, be come 140 years the hottest summer. " hot " already became the whole world to heat up a word, we were experienced the hottest June, just sent the hottest July, entering the hottest in August...
Before provoking intense heat of summer, holding half icy watermelon in the arms big fast a cheek, be the optimal choice that see hot weather undoubtedly. Gnawing eat, ladle is being dug eat, hit Cheng Shabing to eat, frying eat, the move that bake eats, how to eat delicious...
Watermelon the meaning to the Chinese
On the world, be afraid did not love to eat more than the Chinese, can eat to also can eat watermelon more more.
Since period of the 1000 many the Northern and Southern Dynasties year ago, watermelon passes into China, it begins to enter the place of summer fruit overlord slowly.
Have historian textual research, area of the 1000 many Beijing year ago already had watermelon to cultivate, and the ancients is the earliest " eat watermelon " occasion, discover on mural of acting grave of Inner Mongolia distant, this grave is built at 1026~1027 of the Christian era year.
1000 come for years, the color of watermelon is primary it doesn't matter changes
When just passing into China, watermelon still belongs to a noble to be enjoyed only. Till the Christian era 1143, country of gold of be sent on a diplomatic mission of Hong Hao of official of the Southern Song Dynasty come back when, brought back the watermelon seed that golden person plants, from now on Changjiang Delta had watermelon, common people also can eat on watermelon.
After Hong Hao returns the Southern Song Dynasty, arrange information the book
Of big bright compose " loose desert discipline is heard " in, have a paragraph of description to watermelon: " watermelon form is round like plaque cattail, color is extremely fresh and green, classics year old become yellow. Its Die kind muskmelon, flavour of one's own accord is fragile, there is juice in, you Leng. Grant to carry in order to return, ban garden native place to animal farm to all have today. "
After this, watermelon begins frequency to be carried at pen of bookman of the Southern Song Dynasty now, " year will feed watermelon everywhere " , " if watermelon Huang Chuteng is knitted " , " drunk pick up watermelon to thumb " wait for a character, show watermelon has gained ground more and more.
Hubei favour is applied discovered Xian Chun of Northen Song Dynasty year between " watermelon tablet "
Epitaph account 4 kinds of watermelon that local place cultivates
Watermelon, had made the one part of Chinese culture. A lot of idiom concern with watermelon: Praise one's own work or goods, fluently, things will be easily settled when conditions are O.K. , track down by following clues...
2004, be located in Beijing to go in for sth in a large scale area Pang Gezhuang presses down " Chinese watermelon museum " , open a shop formally, theme of its appearance effect is " volitant watermelon " , watermelon of implied meaning China flies door going abroad. This is domestic head home with " watermelon " the museum that gives priority to a problem. People reveals museum introversion watermelon history, watermelon is cultivated, the content such as watermelon culture and science and technology.
The photograph related watermelon, caricature, model is everywhere in Chinese watermelon museum
According to the data that FAO of Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations publishs, current, our country already became the biggest watermelon on the world to produce country and consumptive country, our country digested more than 70 million tons of watermelon 2018, namely consumption of average per capita dropped 100 jins.
So, before watermelon, we can say haughtily: I realized fruit freedom eventually!
The whole world is general carry melon old law: Knock it
Nevertheless, it is difficult to eat melon to carry melon easily. Face the watermelon that piles appearance likeness, how is ability pitch on best the sweetest melon? The method with current whole world is: Knock it.
Watermelon watermelon tells me, you are the sweetest melon
But, in fact, a lot of " masses eating melon " knock finally will be knocked, also hear the answer that is less than watermelon.
Then, a doctor of Zhejiang university wrote the paper of a 130 pages" watermelon maturity and interior are hollow acoustics detect technology and device research " (Paper address: Http://t.cn/AiYcAYei), tell us, how to use artificial intelligence technology, come from the sound that knocks watermelon the watermelon with the sweetest differentiate.
Besides this doctor, still have the research that doctor of a lot of large also is doing this side
Of course, he makes the original intention of this research, it is to increase melon farming income, enlarge watermelon export external. Also incidentally benefit we are broad " masses eating melon " .
How does traditional method judge watermelon maturity
Crop of our country watermelon and cultivate an area to reside the world the first, but 1% what export a quantity to be less than crop however, it is not only many what use up because of ourselves, the instrument that because watermelon is postpartum,still handles is backward, bring about quality the good and bad are intermingled, commercial degree is inferior.
Watermelon is timely collect close to be affected to watermelon character great, too ripe not ripe perhaps picked metropolis affects the character of watermelon and mouthfeel. Be in our country, collect the subjective experience that receives an opportunity to still basically rely on melon farming, they often are passed grow periodic, climate (basically be air temperature) and color of observation melon skin, grain will judge watermelon maturity situation.
Of course, still have a skill, above paragraphs is mentioned, knock melon skin to hear voice. This is the method with melon the at present most commonly used farming.
From left it is respectively to right watermelon maturity: Unbaked, mature, too ripe
Generally speaking, unbaked watermelon sound is more ringing, the meeting when beating is given out " Dong Dong Dong " sound, mature melon sound compares low chaotic, phonate for " Peng Peng Peng " , and too ripe watermelon can be given out " attack attack attack " sound. Rely on to detect artificially one by one, take time is arduous and depend on experience, accuracy rate cannot assure.
Nowadays, the technology such as processing of the computer, image, sensor develops at full speed, in using these technologies extensively at produce character to detect, can rise greatly detect efficiency and accuracy rate.
Study judgement with the machine, accurate efficient
Carry research, paper author discovers the change of watermelon maturity, general with internal composition (be like pol) with the structure (if bulk quality becomes big, in-house hollow) closely related change, and these change also can bring about acoustics feature parameter to produce change, accordingly he thinks to use acoustics nondestructive to detect method, build modular method and technology through differring, will judge watermelon ripe degree more appropriate.
And, comparative and other detect method, for instance the technology such as laser, nuclear magnetic resonance, acoustics feature detects have the price cheap, detect efficiency the good point with tall, high accuracy. After the experiment, the author concludes, LS-SVM method proposes the show in the model in watermelon maturity classification optimal, calculate accuracy rate for 73.6% .
Acoustics detect unit objective graph
In acoustics detect plant construction and material optimize a foundation to go up, go to knock signal after a confusion of voices, the author had two kinds of tests, experiment for maturity classification respectively and decide hollowly experiment.
Kylin watermelon was chosen to serve as example in the experiment, the village before Wu Shan is being pressed down before be storehouse of Hangzhou city Yu Hang district 5 groups of melon farming divide batch to pluck at conservatory melon canopy, after plucking, move to the lab immediately.
In maturity classification experiment, choose 147 to be not hollow melon, random cent is two groups: The collect that build a model 75, cast part 72.
Decide hollowly in the experiment, choose 190 example (the bag contains hollow melon) , random cent is two groups, the collect that build a model 97, cast part 93.
The collect that build a model is classified with what will build example or sentence calm model hollowly, forecast collect to use the property that tests a model.
The experiment used 4 kinds common supervisory machine learns algorithm and pattern recognition algorithm, it is law of linear differentiate analysis respectively (LDA) , K- is the smallest near neighbour law (KNN) , technology of BP nerve network (ANN) with least square - method of supportive vector chance (LS-SVM) , had mixed to unbaked, maturity with acoustics feature ripe 3 kinds of watermelon undertook classified, in addition still undertake differentiating to hollow melon.
In hollow melon example, hollow bulk position and appearance differ somewhat
The adverse effect that to eliminate the peak value in spectrum of knock watermelon sound disrupt place causes, the author defined MI1 of first-order quadrature index and MI2 of index of 2 rank quadrature, because be in watermelon puncture experiment (judgement pulp is solid degree) decide these two parameter and sex of watermelon maturity correlation are taller, because this regards the acoustics feature of watermelon maturity classification as parameter its.
The most comfortable melon matching differentiate is algorithmic: LS-SVM
Test result makes clear, LS-SVM algorithm builds modular collect and the accuracy rate that calculate part to be respectively 76% with 73.6% , all prep above is other 3 kinds of classification implement classify a result.
The LS-SVM of watermelon of 3 kinds of different maturity classifies a result
Additional, nerve network builds a model collect and forecast market accuracy rate to part 73.3% with 66.6% , be next to LS-SVM.
The author concludes from this: LS-SVM introduced linear equation series the 2 programs problem to SVM tries to simplify, classified efficiency gets rising substantially, and introduce castigatory gene make structural risk is changed the smallest. This method more the classification that applies to collect of example of watermelon of disequilibrium of collect of example of disequilibrium of gather of processing little sample book;
And LDA algorithm applies to linear to classify a problem; When KNN algorithm is classified to disequilibrium example collect, the example that makes amount of positional example deflection easily much kind, cause classified error to greaten; Nerve network is classified implement had existed to plan to close, easy the defect that is immersed in local extreme value.
In addition, the author still used 4 kinds of afore-mentioned methods and energy to compare standard of experience threshold value, it is diagnostic parameter than Er with MI1, MI2 and energy, undertake hollow melon differentiate to disequilibrium example.
The author uses F β mark to serve as classification implement evaluation index, its physics meaning is the weight that differs through offerring accuracy rate and recall rate, incorporate both a mark, integrated judge is classified implement overall to example the exact extent that classifies with some kind of example.
The definition of F β
In defining formula, TP is the example number of hollow melon to be differentiated correctly, TN is be differentiated correctly had better the example number of melon, p is number of actual hollow melon example, n is number of actual good melon example. = 2 of the β in the article.
In these differentiate methods, remain LS-SVM to classify the effect optimal, its build modular collect and the F β mark that cast part to be respectively 88.1% with 74.7% .
Look, about how carrying the sweetest melon, big doctor of short for Zhejiang Province has helped us calculate clearly.
Eat melon, we are the most scientific
On of chiliad accumulate under, watermelon already more and more the one part in becoming compatriots to live. Alleged " the person that summer had not had watermelon, can't language life. "
Very popular nowadays network heats up a word " masses eating melon " , showed us adequately also the passion to watermelon. Originally " masses eating melon " medium " melon " , those who point to is melon seeds, but the thorough common feelings of people as a result of watermelon, this " melon " evolved gradually " watermelon " .
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