Peach punchs disease punchs disease causes peach a large number of fallen leaves, serious person bring about branch tip withered dead, crop is reduced, affect bud to form, in addition, perforative disease still is kill plum, a variety of nuclear fruit fruiters such as apricot, cherry.
Catch a disease cultivates situation situation
Health cultivates situation situation
All sorts of antiseptic are spent, why cannot still treat peach perforation disease?
1, of the idea backward: See disease makes drug, prevent carelessly
2, of the method backward: Measure of prevention and cure is backward
3, the basic problem that ignores soil: Most person pays close attention to only go up at the ground, ignore edaphic government
So most cure is take temporary solution not effect a permanent cure. Block up as scanty, treat be inferior to preventing. Peach punchs disease also is same argument.
Remedial peach perforation is ill, we must know peach grows first the soil with what kind of need
1, organic qualitative content is high
2, contain rich biology bacterium
3, contain a lot ofpeach to grow what what need is medium microelement
4, deep arable layer
5, soda acid balance
6, reasonable rotate
7, facilities of water of irrigation and drainage is all ready
But, the current situation of current peach garden is however such:
1, organic those who pledge is exceeding and indigent
2, biology bacterium decreases
3, onefold fertilization, the microelement in lacking
4, harden, arable layer becomes shallow
5, edaphic acidification, soda acid unbalance
6, exceeding ask for, weigh stubble obstacle
7, establishment of form a complete set is not whole
The state of current soil: In recent years because slant to fertilize, the employ that does not pay attention to organic fertilizer makes edaphic acidification, in soil microbial decrease, fertilizer increases year after year, crop is inferior to one year one year, disease is annual grow in quantity.
Arable layer becomes shallow
In long-term not deep ploughing loosens greatly and mechanical cultivation is ground pressure, below trample condition, farmland soil arable layer turns into by the 20-30 centimeter in the past 15 centimeter left and right sides, heavy fact of water of together with rainfall, fill, "Plough sole " move locally and add thick, become hard and deep block secondary floor, moisture of block up soil, nutrient and airy fluctuation move, plunge into below root system of block up crop outspread, edaphic store water decreases, function of fight a drought drops, edaphic nutrient effectiveness and crop nutrition state are exasperate.
Soil organic decrease character
It is long-term be not applied or apply farmhouse fertilizer less, lack straw to return cropland, do not cultivate green manure, soil organic cannot get complement character; 2 it is nitrogenous fertilizer of chemistry of employ exceeding an amount, and the high production that exceeds edaphic load, frequent surface soil breaks up n cultivated land, criterion aggravate the exhaust of edaphic carbon, cause soil organic qualitative content decreases. Soil organic decrease character can cause edaphic structure to destroy harden with soil, edaphic fertility drops, edaphic manage is changed and biology property worsens, edaphic acidification and secondary salinization, earth passes disease aggravate, soil purifies ability to drop etc.
Soil hardens
As a result of farmland soil organic qualitative lack, and be plowed inconsequently and irrigate, many use chemical fertilizer, edaphic acidification, soil is secondary salinization, destroyed edaphic granule form, cause soil to harden. Soil hardens bring about soil directly - plant system is anoxic, lack water, be short of fertilizer, affect edaphic plant - the material of content system is changed and energy is exchanged, activity of certain even physiology and life metabolize cannot on the rails, perhaps stop, perhaps change to evil way.
Edaphic acidification
Because long-term excessive uses physiology acidic fertilizer and chemical nitrogenous fertilizer, the acidity material in soil increases ceaselessly and accumulate, the basic material such as the calcic magnesium in soil is absorbed to use by crop or drip washing and decrease, lack necessarily compensatory adjustment, make soil appears acidification phenomenon. Edaphic acidification can quicken soil barren change, soil is harmful heavy metal activation, soil is harmful microbial especially parasitism fungus increases, earth passes disease to happen badly.
Soil is secondary salinization
Because long-term excessive uses fertilizer, make the salinity in soil is accumulated ceaselessly, especially nitric acid salt is accumulated more very. These salinity go up along with edaphic moisture collect the earth's surface, form soil to express administrative levels to give birth to salinization, edaphic structure is destroyed, manage changes biology property aggravation, light affect a seed gemmiparous emerge, block up nutrient is absorbed, crop grows undesirable, cause plant physiology drought again, nutrient obstacle, salt is killed, death. Lose agriculture to use value even.
Soil is malnourished
Do not press crop place to need fertilization of nutrient element scale in daily production, do not produce apply fertilizer of the recipe that measure land, chemical fertilizer of NP of blind excessive employ, be not applied or apply less organic fertilizer and in microelement fertilizer, create rich market of the NP in soil, the Potassium in soil and silicon and in microelement exhaust, bring about NPK scale maladjusted, a large number of elements and in the nutrient scale between microelement is maladjusted, beneficial element is short of break, bring about Jie of edaphic nutrition element to fight, have fertilizer and useless.
3, how to prevent and cure is peach perforation ill?
1, apply farmhouse fertilizer, organic fertilizer more, avoid to slant apply nitrogenous fertilizer, enhance tree power, make tree body grow hale, enhance disease-resistant power. Barytic to sticking soil should apply dung of green manure, horse or other and organic fertilizer more especially, with improving soil appear a gender.
2, reasonable clip, make tree body ventilated and pervious to light good; Deadwood, ill leaf and premature drop should keep clear of thoroughly in the meantime, center its burn down or bury greatly, in order to eliminate source of bacterium of live through the winter. When clip scanty divide close unripe branch, flagging branch, branch pulling the land, improvement ventilated and pervious to light condition, reduce orchard temperature and humidity.
3, should control fill water frequency and fill water amount strictly, seasonable and ventilated take a breath. Dig good barrel-drain, catchment should notice in monsoon.
4, gush medicine prevents and cure: Before the fruiter is gemmiparous, gush applies 4-5 to spend lime sulfur. Between 5-6 month, gush applies Qing Dynasty of 75% 100 bacterium but wet sex powder 1-2 of 650 times fluid second, or powder of wet sex of Kang Ke of 3% grams bacterium 1000 times fluid, all have favorable effect to perforative disease.
If punch before one year when disease happening is serious, after nectarine extends a part of a historical period, can gush cloth 45% Dai Sen ammonium 800 times fluid, or 72% agricultural streptomycin 2500 times fluid, or vitriolic streptomycin 3500 times fluid or element of new plant mildew 3500 times fluid, or 50% Fu Meishuang 500 times fluid, or 65% Dai Sen zinc 500 times, day of 10-15 of general every other, gush 1, in all gush 3-4 second.
Additional, gush cloth 4 ∶ of 1 ∶ water of ∶ of lime of disappear of ∶ of 240(vitriolic zinc) fluid of vitriolic zinc lime, perforative to bacterial sex disease also has effect of better prevention and cure, but give medicine easily to kill sometimes, village test should be done first before using.
Ill to perforation of spot of fungus sex mildew, can hold in the palm with 70% armour but wet sex pink 1000 times fluid, or 50% much bacterium are clever but wet sex powder 800 times fluid prevents and cure.
5, impartiality applies nitrogenous fertilizer, add fertilizer of formula of nutrition of Shi Lin, Potassium, calcic, small organic activation, breed Zhuang Miao, in order to enhance the disease-resistant power of plant oneself. Water of right amount fill, day of overcast and rainy or unfavorable afternoon water, prevent freeze injury.
6, the attention is insect-resistant: Long-corn of mite of aphid, leaf, leaf roller, red neck, scale insect.
Peach garden fertilizes so benefit is much!
One, management of peach garden soil
(1) break up greatly: Heavy peach garden is stuck in soil, for improved soil, be expert at undertake breaking up greatly, deep 60cm is controlled, union applies organic fertilizer. Arenaceous Shi Detao also undertakes breaking up greatly field, draw out arenaceous stone to exchange land, union applies organic fertilizer. Break up greatly to having favorable effect to high yield of in successive years.
(2) Qiu Geng: In deciduous leaf around union applies organic fertilizer to undertake, deep 20-30cm.
(3) intercropping: Content of peach garden intercrop can use legume, melon kind, strawberry, earthnut. Also can plant green manure is like Mao Xieshao child, lucerne. Why to no matter plant,plant crop, should leave sufficient tree dish, water of seasonable fertilization fill and intertill weed wait for the job.
2, peach method of application
(1) fertilization appropriate is deep should not be shallow. The root system of peach develops, lateral root and fibril are more, draw strength strong, but root system distributings shallow, much concentration issues 20-40 at the earth's surface centimeter earthy layer. Be like inanition, cultivate situation, crop, character and life with respect to meeting influence, so fertilization appropriate is applied in 30-50 centimeter deep earthy layer, should not be shallow apply; Shallow apply cause root system rise more easily.
(2) is particularly sensitive to nitrogenous fertilizer. Peach is in young tree period, if use azotic excess, often cause excessive growth, into the flower not easy, bud quality is poor, put into production is late, premature drop is much, shed glue to get a severe disease. Cheng Guo period needs nitrogenous fertilizer again much, if azotic element is insufficient, easy cause tree situation premature senility. Fructification grows if later period applies nitrogenous fertilizer overmuch, fructification flavour is weak, gust is poor. In consenescence period, azotic element is insufficient, can quicken consenescence; Conversely, azotic element is enough, can promote much hair new tip, postpone anile process.
(Nutrient of contention of 3) tip fruit is contradictory and intense. The new tip of peach grows to be in with gains growth contemporaneity, the contradiction that consequently tip fruit contends for nutrient is particularly outstanding, if hale tree falls,nitrogenous fertilizer is applied after the flower overmuch, branch tip grows suddenly, premature drop is especially serious; If azotic element is insufficient,cultivate infirmly, can cause branch tip again fine short, foliaceous yellow fruit is small, crop and character drop. Because this answers to be weighed according to cultivating age tree situation and result, timely the fertilizer after applying fine flower and strong fruit is fat, contradict in order to coordinate tip fruit.
(4) needs potassium the amount is large. Peach tree is large to the need quantity of potassium, especially the content of period Potassium is gains growth 3.2 times of nitrogen, potassium to increasing fructification is mixed raise character to have distinct effect. If potassium is insufficient, blade decrescent, color becomes weak, xie Yuan is withered anxious, foliaceous body occurrence yellow spot, blade falls early, premature drop is serious, fruit is unbaked and fruit top rots first, so strong the scale of fruit fat Potassium should prep above nitrogen
(5) is fond of small acidity to come neuter soil. Peach most accommodative acid-base value is worth 5-6 for PH, PH is worth prep above 8 easy happening the disease that be short of zinc, under 4 easy happening the disease that be short of magnesium, absorb nitrogen to want to be in slant the ability below acerbity environment undertakes, the adjustment of edaphic acid-base value must notice when reason fertilizes.
Young peach fertilizes
Give birth to the following young peach 4 years, if soil is loose fecund, fat water is enough, grow very exuberant, annual erect branch can is as long as 2 meters of above, but ramose slightness, bud is formed small and weak, cannot in advance result. Because this is on fertilization, annual 2-4 month Shi Kuo measures fertilizer of tall nitrogen formula, in order to close to set out bud takes a tip, the first year every individual plant applies corrupt farmhouse fertilizer every months 20 kilograms
5-6 month is given priority to with phosphor, Potassium, calcium, nitrogen is applied less, lest cause excessive growth, 7-9 month is given priority to with potassium, calcium, phosphorous take second place, control nitrogenous fertilizer is applied. Since the 2nd year year after year increases by degrees half times to one times. Anyhow, young tree fertilization needs to master " apply frequently apply less, the quantity is little many " principle, the frequency that fertilizes namely wants much, fat quantity wants little, tree age hour is applied less, as the tree age increase and gradually grow in quantity.
The 3rd: The 3 sort with graphic peach ill perforation
Peach punchs disease has bacterial sex commonly to punch spot of mildew of sex of ill, fungus punchs disease and speckle punch ill 3 sort. In last few years each district has the tendency of aggravating development, punch with bacterial sex among them defect is the most serious.
Perforative disease causes peach a large number of fallen leaves, serious person bring about branch tip withered dead, crop is reduced, affect bud to form, in addition, perforative disease still is kill plum, a variety of nuclear fruit fruiters such as apricot, cherry.
State of disease of bacterial sex perforation
Basically be kill blade, happen in more approach vein point, first blob of shape of unboiled water be soiled, gradually expand into circle or irregular form, diameter 2 millimeter, brown, rufous ill spot, there is olive dizzy link all round, later ill spot is sere, fall off form bore a hole, serious when bring about inchoate fallen leaves.
Vimineous catch a disease has spring, summer two kinds of ill spot, spring ulcer happens in go up year of branch that the summer gives birth to on, after the bacteria is invaded, spring of the coming year forms dark Brown small bleb on branch, deadwood can be caused after expanding. Summertime ulcer happens in Xia Mo to give birth to new tip in those days more, with Pi Kongwei the center forms dark purple spot, after expanding, cave a bit, darken, outside shape of be soiled of predestined relationship water.
Vimineous expression
Fructification fall victim, cong Youguo period can behave a symptom, as the growth of fructification, the Brown stain of 1 millimeter size appears on fruit face, later period stain becomes black Brown. Ill spot a long time becomes repeatedly, fruit face chap.
Ill spot puce, cave a bit, shape of brim water be soiled, when moisture, pus of ill spot occurrence bacterium, dry when produce crackle.
Speckle perforation is ill
To kill tip of blade, branch and fruit. Blade fall victim, two sides all produces circle or irregular form ill spot, the brim has round of grain, periphery purple, later period lays dust-colour mildew layer on disease spot, millimeter of 1-4 of ill spot diameter. Ill spot is mid and sere fall off form bore a hole. New tip and fructification fall victim, ill spot and lamina are similar, also produce dust-colour mildew layer.
Mildew spot perforation is ill
Peach mildew spot punchs disease is kill blade, beautiful fruit and branch tip. Blade catch a disease, the circle is at the beginning of ill spot, purple or amaranth, gradually expand into intimate circle or irregular form, diametical 2-6 millimeter, turn into after Brown, when humidity is big, in the leaf the back grows other people of black mildew account. Perforation just appears on the leaf after ill leaf falls off sometimes.
Catch a disease of flower, fructification, fruit spot is small and round, purple, raised hind rough, peduncular catch a disease, did not blossom namely sere fall off. When new tip comes on, appear dark Brown, have the ill spot of revolutionary edge, the surface has shed glue. Tumor condition other people is formed on older branch. Tumour is bulbiform, hold branch about all around area 1/4-3/4. Fine branch, the diameter makes an appointment with 5 millimeter, bigger vimineous diameter can amount to 1 centimeter.
Prevent the node of 4 crucial time that peach disease knows surely!
One, Qiu Dong is fat
Take the base manure of fall pass the winter seriously, it is one of time node that 4 keys manage annual, annual at be being finished before deciduous leaf, it is to be between 11-12 month commonly, each district situation is different, sapling seedling uses the method that the ditch between travel turns over greatly. Channel internal pressure is careless, apply organic fertilizer answer the fertilizer that mix bacterium. Grown fruiter, in side of cent of drop waterline position each 45 degrees of ditch are applied (change a way below one year) , dosage year after year of tree age situation increases the basis. Cultivate every as a child commonly 0.25 kilograms arrive to cultivate every greatly 20 kilograms differ. In order to see a proper cut away some again deep 5 centimeter left and right sides is degree, be helpful for a large number of breed of new root system, water in time with sending a root as soon as possible strong
2, early spring is fat
Fertilizer of the early spring before the flower before the Beginning of Spring is quite important, belong to one of time node of 4 key management, practice and autumn winter fertilizer are same, just dig circuit shallow trench in the side outside whole drop waterline, spend with seeing root system be, dosage also is the size that the basis establishs, cultivate every as a child 0.2 kilograms arrive to cultivate every greatly 10 kilograms differ. But see the root is not destroyed, agitate of earth of fertilization rear cover covers ground again and water in time with developing fertilizer efficiency as soon as possible. Half month is lain between to be able to be chased after after early spring fertilizes apply some of urea, the of 1/3 volume that measures by groovy top application is chased after apply. If dosage can be divided gas kills and wound ammonia that applies subterranean microbial bacterium.
3, when the Waking of Insects
In peach blossom accept rice mineral oil is used before was not being opened 320 times fluid goes to Quan Shujin sparge, prevent it is very important to kill pathogeny of of all kinds bug, fungus. Every 15 days, in all 3, once be spent, criterion gush applies biology sulfur 300- - sparge of 400 times fluid.
4, when clear garden
Clear garden work is a segment with the most important disease of bacterium of bug of prevention and cure, also be one of time node of 4 key management, after peach is picked, have pruning clear garden (be defeated incomplete vimineous carry to give an orchard, concentration burns or smash soak caboodle can abstain organic fertilizer) . Can use mineral oil of rice of accept of 150 times fluid to undertake complete garden spray to the orchard next, prevent the fungus disease that fights careless seed of egg of of all kinds bug and preparative live through the winter. The step of prevention and cure with peach the most important disease, had done the clear garden that collects fruit hind to work namely (include to blow the spot that divide disease, ill tumour, cleared deadwood, fallen leaves and ill deadlocked fruit) , and immediately following in time of period of year of the Waking of Insects prevent reduce the job, the Jie that raises plant itself of course fights ability is to not allow more the content of small gaze.
Annual passes node of afore-mentioned 4 crucial working hours, disease of bacterium of of all kinds Chinese caterpillar fungus is basic and disappeared, especially fine fungus virus kind physiology kind the bacteria is killed can accomplish basic have nothing worry about, won't get disease drifting glue more. Essential need not annual insecticide antiseptic aimlessly ceaseless gush is killed. Disease of source sex fungus is mixed outside outside source sex insect pest inbreaks, local discovery needs accept rice mineral oil only sparge of 300 times fluid can be exterminated easily. Cut peach tree so, perforative disease is appointed can reduce.
Peach is most the tree that is fond of light is planted. Because administrative technique is undeserved,often cause the closing that establish system, backbone branch appears hind and bald, move outside result place. Garden of a lot of peach is close not pervious to light, staff member operation is very difficult. Because this wants high production, must learn plastic pruning to cultivate body to enter premature senility extremely easily otherwise.
Plastic
The tree look of peach is very much, we are commonly used is natural and happy look, trunk form. The key of peach plastics is the education of the bough after working surely, deputy bough and configuration. With natural and happy look character, peach works surely 70 centimeters tall, the first year from 10-15 of topmost every other centimeter, anthology stay grow similar of able-bodied, the way corp is growing, and to all around distributing even tip is fostered as bough, the others is used pick a heart or twist a tip to undertake controlling.
Winter crop
Clip peach should undertake by the clip character of peach, be like situation of character of grown junction fruit, tree and different tree age etc, with benefit improvement establishs system ventilated and pervious to light condition, adjust result and grow relation, can enlarge crown of a tree quickly to young tree, early result, early bumper crop, to consenescence the tree can update rejuvnation, prolong economic life.
(1) the clip of bough: Intensity of young tree clip with 60 centimeters advisable, arrived to fill fruit period with 30 centimeters had better, want the shoot outside noticing bud shears a mouth stays.
(2) the clip of deputy bough: Deputy bough wants basic bring to the same level, cut gently long put. Young age or grow the peach of flourishing can put 1 meter of above one year, turn along with tree situation later weak, clip length is reduced accordingly.
(3) the clip of result branch: What the length of result branch clip and density reach the move of fruit-bearing shoot to lay position with degree of finish of stand or fall of fruit of breed character, move, branch is different have difference. Clip asks as follows: Grow fruit-bearing shoot: The peach of flourishing of situation of young tree, tree, long fruit-bearing shoot can leave 10-12 to be in clip to bud, grow very the young tree of flourishing is not cut basically, peach of Cheng Guo period can leave 6-7 commonly to bud. In fruit-bearing shoot: Take short cut of 5 pairs of bud. Short fruit-bearing shoot: The short fruit-bearing shoot of senile tree is more, can delete close or the short branch with poor quality, if base the ministry has Xie Ya, but short cut is newer.
(4) differ the clip of tree age period: Peach is different tree age period, character of grown junction fruit is different, different to ambient conditions and agrotechnical reaction, answer because of this clip the different growth phase according to peach, with different method processing. Young tree period: (4-5 year unripe previously) use cut gently long put, want to undertake pulling a branch to deputy bough, strong branch. Result branch not " nob " , branch of excessive growth of make the most of transforms group of large result branch, space of fill a vacancy. Fill fruit period: (6-15 year) want watchful adjustment result and growth contradiction and the illumination condition that improve interior of crown of a tree, clip quantity should increase with what measure as a result and year after year accentuates, backbone branch and branch group, should answer in time shrink newer, keep newer branch more, prevent an outcome move on place.
Summertime crop
The purpose of summertime crop is to adjust grow, save nutrient, improve illumination, enrich bottom, alleviation tree situation, stimulative result, quicken crown of a tree to form. Use the following method commonly:
(1) twist a tip: The period that twist a tip is smoked with new tip give birth to 33 centimeters or so, still not when lignification advisable. The purpose is to make excessive growth branch turns into result branch, improve illumination condition at the same time. The place that twist a tip with new tip mid stay grow 17 centimeters of place to twist it is advisable to fall. The degree that twist a tip arrives with twisting new tip upside is flagging had better, the new tip that still wants pair of unripe long flourishing sometimes undertakes iteration twisting a tip.
(2) pick heart and the union that twist a tip: This basically is the too strong excessive growth branch after be aimed at a few clip.
(3) Jian Sao: It is commonly by June with the cent at the beginning of September second undertake. Object shears an end is the excessive growth tip that periphery of crown of a tree, interior gives birth to closely, leave what do not want base ministry 3-4 bud is cut.
(4) pull a branch: Pull a branch to be able to make crown of a tree opens business, in advance result, basically undertake in 5-7 month. Pull a branch to basically regard the excessive growth of deputy bough and big branch group as the branch to seeming, pull it 80 degrees or so, must not pull level or prolapse.
