Latter, have ceaselessly farming report of endowment businessman friend, because the corn seed of the sale appeared to be short of spic of bead, deformation, bald needle, empty stalk to wait this year,grow unusual wait for a phenomenon, cause farmer to think to the door is blocked up to denounce compensatory phenomenon for seminal quality problem!
Now, the investigation conclusion that views system of technology of national corn industry together!
Recently, station of 15 comprehensive tests is aimed at region of sea area of yellow the Huaihe River of system of technology of national corn industry the problem such as deformation of development of summerly corn female spic, strong difference undertook survey, sum up survey circumstance as follows now.
Region of sea area of yellow the Huaihe River produces a feature
The way corp is growing of summerly corn whole is at present good, be in phase of form a vesicle generally, but suffer the middle ten days of a month was mixed in July August the influence of weather of high temperature of the first ten days of a month, partial parcel appears " banana " spic, bract weak point, male spic does not come loose pink or pollen quantity is little, beautiful the unusual appearance such as bead and strong sex difference.
Most breed has the happening of different level, among them, female spic bract slants short, male spic is ramose the breed with pollen little, little quantity is unbalanced the happening of spic rate is high; The Tian Kuai that sows before June 15, spic development, smoke hero to come loose pink and high temperature drought encounter, abnormal spic and strong sex poor phenomenon are serious.
Shandong province and the abnormal spic that Henan saves and strong sex poor phenomenon are relatively serious, jiangsu province and the way corp is growing of whole of corn of Heibei province summer are better, get the extreme weather such as high temperature, drought the influence is minor, only a few area appear the unusual appearance such as banana spic, bract weak point.
The particular case that 15 comprehensive tests stand
Talk about a city
Each appearance that demonstrative county all has deformation of female spic development, strong difference, among them smooth county of county of in relief cereal, Dong Changfu area, Chi all is specific lot, individual breed to come on; Coronal county happens be short of bead, bald to wait more general but degree is small.
Gao Tang county comes on plot is more, have 30 thousand mus about (occupy entire county of acreage of corn of 690 thousand mus of summer 4.3% ) appear the problem of the abnormal spic of different level, strong difference, the spic of specific lot deformation with this the most serious county amounts to 50% above.
Heart city
Development of stalk of partial parcel occurrence sky, bract is undesirable, unbalanced spic, pollination is undesirable (half face, all over the sky star, bald needle) wait for a phenomenon. There is difference between breed, same breed is not cultivated with time, different plot cultivates fall victim degree to also have otherness.
Wei lane
Corn knot spic is unusual this year the phenomenon is commonner, large area cultivates ascend the sea left and right sides of 5cm of 605 general bald, individual breed is short of bead, do not have a phenomenon of empty even stalk relatively in former years is much 20% the left and right sides, partial parcel happens corn to carry corrupt disease on the head. Summer of birthday smooth city sows corn part to appear deformation of spic of different level fruit, naked top (bract is smallish) , be short of bead, bald needle, empty stalk, Sui Bingjian Xie Guo is long wait for a phenomenon.
Aid is peaceful
Each set an example the county suffers high temperature influence to cause female spike unusual appearance on the whole not serious, only part parcel happens, bald rate is serious, kill to heat sensitive, have spend not strong phenomenon gently.
Lai city
Outside city of the mouth that divide dragon, other the case of female spic deformation that 4 demonstrative counties all have different rate happens. Among them strong sex differs all urban corn the phenomenon is most serious, fall victim area about 1-3 10 thousand mus.
Old city
Look from breed, almost all breed have heat to kill happen, but did not spend again happen, majority is slight happen, in only individual breed can be achieved in individual Tian Kuai, spend happen. Look from area, county of Ling Bi, Si sets an example twice prefectural happening is opposite lighter, county of bridge, Si, Meng Cheng is opposite heavier, but not big to producing an effect.
New rural area
High temperature causes male flower not to come loose pink, die even, bring about corn pollination undesirable, strong sex is poor, lukewarm county happens heavier, other demonstrative county basically uninfluenced, only male spic is ramose little partial Tian Kuai got spend heat gently to kill, appeared to spend the phenomenon that be short of bead gently.
Luoyang
Square town of integral happening circumstance is the smallest, it is aid source next, the heaviest is cease division and clever treasure. Cease division and clever treasure county happen serious and main because drought and high temperature are collective,be of action result. Dry land impact is the biggest, heat of irrigable plot high temperature kills a problem to be not highlighted.
According to statistic, suffer from drought of Luoyang city corn controls an area absolutely 29 thousand mus; Area of cause disaster of suffer from drought of clever treasure corn 75 thousand mus, among them thirty-nine thousand five hundred mus of corn close basically absolutely. Area of suffer from drought of aid source corn 35 thousand mus.
Luo river
Each summerly corn of demonstrative county all has corn to be short of spic of bead, deformation to happen, but each set an example prefectural happening degree is differ, water of foliaceous county, business, face Ying, city happening degree is opposite lighter, smooth county happens on the west relatively serious.
Crane wall
Qi county, slippery county and reel off raw silk from cocoons of corn of soup shade county, medicinal powder pink basically is in the last ten-day of a month came in July on August 3, corn suffers high temperature the effect is opposite lighter, dredge county and reel off raw silk from cocoons of corn of clear abundant county, medicinal powder pink basically is in August the first ten days of a month (after was being centered on August 3) , weather of right place high temperature,
Push breed and approximate breed to suffer high temperature when the landlord the influence is relatively minor, think partial beauty of the representing fastens consanguineous breed to suffer high temperature the effect is relatively serious.
Han Dan
Did not discover bedding face accumulates female spic deformation and strong poor issue. Among them Wu Anchun sows corn to be in for the most part sowed after rain on May 24, sow later, and the precipitation after sowing is less, as a result of the influence of arid, high temperature, bald needle is serious. Always year the county is individual breed appears " miniskirt phenomenon " , but the area is very small.
Tang Shan
Spring corn experiment and land for growing field crops produce end of the pollination end July, to at present corn plant diseases and insect pests happens lighter, corn grows growth is normal.
Summerly corn grows growth is normal, bug of corn snout moth's larva, armyworm, cotton boll happens lighter, specific lot has tumour black pink to happen; Experiment of system of Feng Na demonstrative county has black pink of female spic deformation, empty lever and tumour to happen individually.
Shijiazhuang
Sign of summerly corn total body length is good, be in period of form a vesicle generally. Zhao county, Lu Quan and without extremely 3 demonstrative counties all did not discover corn is female spic development abnormal, the phenomenon of strong difference. Be promoted surely and two demonstrative counties are in travel the Tang Dynasty only a few plot discovers individual plant occurrence 3-4 female spic is worn side by side unripe " banana spic " phenomenon.
Judge water
The first ten days of a month and the middle ten days of a month are highest in July air temperature 39 ℃ , on August 4 - on August 11, 8 have 7 days of highest air temperature to exceed 35 ℃ in the day, the department is left outside the part adaptability is poorer, spic is unbalanced, strong sex is poor.
Jiangsu
The way corp is growing of summerly corn whole is better, get the extreme weather such as high temperature, drought the impact is little, only a few area appear the unusual spot such as banana spic, bract weak point.
The influencing factor of spic of summerly corn deformation and strong sex is analysed
Weather condition
Period of become divided of corn female spic encounters high temperature of 35 ℃ above, dry weather to restrain sequel the development of Xie Yuan radical and stretchy, cause bract bead of seed of spic of smallish, fruit appears wait for abnormal phenomenon.
Additional, get when female spic development outside high temperature, rainy when waiting for adverse environment to restrain incidental much spic, female spic defeats Yo (empty) , bract flourishing is long, sword phyllome is unripe wait for abnormal phenomenon.
Corn pollination period air temperature on the high side, day of 35 ℃ air temperature counts prep above more, highest temperature achieves 38-40 ℃ , affected corn filament and pollen active badly, go against corn pollination.
Sow period
Lot of spring sowing, interplanting did not happen basically, summerly direct seeding (came on June 10 on June 15) earlier plot happening is heavy, and be later than the plot that sows after June 18 to did not happen basically. Namely weather of high temperature of experience of period of key of spic become divided is main influencing factor.
Cultivate density
Cultivate the plot with big density to happen heavy, density is small happen light; And in field distributing to also differ, edge of ground of edge of a field happens light, field and ventilated pervious to light good place happens light; Ventilated and field closing, pervious to light bad place happens heavy.
Breed
Different breed is sensitive to environmental change level is different. And male spic is ramose the breed that more, pollen measures big kind is unbalanced the happening of spic rate is minor.
Pesticide influence
To prevent corn lodging, cultivate door in corn too booting period excessive, late (after 13 leaves) gush was applied change reagent, just encounter corn booting right now to medicaments sensitive period, plus high temperature, arid or tall wet the overlay action that waits for atrocious weather can cause medicine to kill;
For plant diseases and insect pests of prevention and cure, 3 Zun are applied in gush of excessive of high temperature period of time kind antiseptic, or more sensitive to beautiful department breed insecticide, the abnormal growth that also may cause bract and fruit spike or development are not synchronous, same meeting causes the abnormal growth of fruit spic and bract.
Answer measure and proposal
1, strengthen kind of qualitative resource innovation, seed selection high yield is produced firmly fight integratedly go against the breed with strong sex
Many breed occurrence high temperature is threatening the abnormal spike that cause and the problem with strong poor sex. And apparent 2017 ground relatively happened 2016 serious, earnestly needs to accelerate widen and innovate kind of qualitative resource, seed selection high yield is produced firmly fight integratedly go against the breed of Xia Yu Mixin with strong sex.
Additional, summerly corn breed is authorized with promotion in the process, during needing farther attention to bear fruit to spic become divided and pollination high temperature resistant characteristic choice!
2, form a complete set of thoroughbred fine law, strengthen field managing
Choose appropriate corn breed; Reasonable adjust sow period, reasonable close planting, rise sow quality, scientific fertilizer is waterborne chip, establish the group of high quality, in order to answer high temperature, arid influence, benefit splits up at spic of male and female, stimulative corn is normal pollination is strong.
3, already produced plot to take corresponding step, reduce a loss as far as possible
Search field diseased or infected plant in time, produce individual plant to lead less corn field to be able to pull out diseased or infected plant, increase power of light energy of field and ventilated head, with the benefit growth at other health plant, reduce a loss; Postpone the time that harvests corn as far as possible below the situation that does not affect Ji Xiaomai to sow, extend time of form a vesicle, reduce crop loss!
Produce odds to affect the lot of crop higher, badly, ensiling can sell corn in the middle ten days of a month on September according to actual condition.
