He Xuefeng
(Wuhan university sociology is fastened)
One,
On January 15, 2018, jiangdaming of minister of ministry of land natural resources is opposite before media expresses, our country makes research authority belong to changeless, accord with program requirement to fall, the land that is not estate company to gain land access lawfully uses the method of the ground as the residence, deepen use rural collective to manage a gender to build the construction that use the land to rent housing pilot, drive build much main body to supply, the housing system that hire purchase of much channel safeguard develops simultaneously, let all people live to be resided somewhat. The government will be to live no longer the person be offerred exclusively that uses the land. Jiang Daming still expresses, the country will be explored curtilage power of base fee, seniority, access " 3 authority divide buy " , fulfil curtilage base collective droit, safeguard curtilage base farmer qualification counterpoises, put work moderately curtilage base access.
The speech of Jiang Daming's minister causes tremendous echo socially, all sorts of " heavy pound " , " first " occupy media layout by force quickly, all sorts of unscrambling emerge in endlessly. Actually, the new information in speech of Jiang Daming's minister is not much, because be in early,ministry of land natural resources already was in in August 2017 what 13 cities of countrywide begin collective construction to be used at construction to rent housing with the ground is pilot. Speech of Jiang Daming's minister causes tremendous society echo, because live to reside relation the people's livelihood somewhat,be on one hand, whole society is right price of housing, house very be deeply concerned, it is land system itself on the other hand more and more complex, not only general masses is very fathomless current land system, and expert and even policy branch also understand current and complex land system truly rarely, cause the whole society misunderstanding to land system from this, and the whole nation's ubiquitous fascicular chaos on land practice is resembled. Jiang Daming's minister puts forward this in the speech " China will be explored curtilage power of base fee, seniority, access ' 3 authority divide buy ' " , also meet complication Chinese land system further, cause the misunderstanding of more society possibly also accordingly, and the random elephant that causes practice of more place land.
2,
Country curtilage base access is a farmer a when as village company collective member place enjoys basic right, curtilage base belongs to village company collective all, the farmer family that regards village company as collective member is obtained freely, free is used, make the farmer lives to be resided somewhat thereby. Because be free,obtaining, free uses, curtilage the fundamental material benefits that base is social security property, and only member of village company collective has the competence that gains this fundamental material benefits, this welfare also ensures quality, be not belongings sex right.
To the country curtilage base, including a misunderstanding since policy group is long-term socially is, think curtilage base included tremendous money, curtilage the purpose that base system reforms releases money namely. On the other hand, almost everybody realises the farmer is large-scale lose curtilage the serious consequence of base, reform of rural land system emphasizes wanting to hold to a bottom line repeatedly in the center of. Should hold to a farmer to be not lost already curtilage the bottom line of base, should put work again curtilage base market trades, put forward then so called curtilage base " 3 authority divide buy " view.
Ministry of land natural resources is explored curtilage base " 3 authority divide buy " , put work curtilage base access, the purpose is for dish vivid country unused housing, because farmer of a few areas went into town, their rural housing before is unused. If pass dish of vivid unused housing to attract urban natural resources, let possibly urban and rural it is better to have interactive. Be in especially execute countryside to revitalize strategic setting below, pass dish of work to go into town the farmer is unused farming room will develop recreational agriculture and rustic tourism, can think already go into town the farmer increases profit of farming room hack, can provide development space for recreational agriculture again.
Ministry of land natural resources just does not want dish of vivid country's unused housing now, and want dish of vivid farmer curtilage base, allow farmer general namely curtilage base is rented go out -- alleged put work curtilage base access -- allow urban capital to be in the farmer starts construction on base curtilage, come so, farmer curtilage on base alleged " the qualification counterpoises " be drawn out actually empty. Next, power quality mixes the content that returns meeting somebody to continue to discuss use to be obtained to capital of go to the countryside curtilage the protective issue of base access. Come so, of the farmer " the qualification counterpoises " become nominal very quickly, country curtilage the social security function of base will be lost, curtilage base " 3 authority divide buy " cover an area of for urban capital go to the countryside opened a channel, put work curtilage the outcome of base access is probable it is to let a farmer lose curtilage base access. Although Jiangdaming's minister emphasizes go to the countryside of forbidden city capital using again and again curtilage base builds villatic courtyard, private guild hall, the problem is urban capital was obtained curtilage base access, inevitable meeting builds villatic courtyard and private guild hall with all sorts of flexible means.
Current China country, only few number has an area the country of advantage or travel resource, unused housing has the farmer to send value, also have the possibility of dish of work. Will tell with respect to country of countrywide great majority, setting is changed in the city below, the farmer goes into town, the country is changed hollowly, a large number of farming rooms are seasonal unused, lack an area because of these areas however advantage, unused farming room is not had at all " dish vivid " value. And, every are celebrated to the section, go into town the farmer is about to return a country to come, go into town the parents of labour force of black prime of life still also lives in the village, go into town labour force of black prime of life is aged lose much also when opportunity of urban obtain employment meeting to return a village to live. Tell on this meaning, the farmer that rural housing guarantees relatively weak to the country force is more important, because live just about,reside the become destitute and homeless that can avoid them somewhat.
Country curtilage the basic safeguard that base is a farmer, curtilage base " 3 authority divide buy " exploration, besides make land system complex further and beyond the risk that increases farmer become destitute and homeless, income is not much however. Curtilage base is being maintained the society is stabilized and reduce gigantic your work of the play on social risk to use, the land that reform always cannot think to allow a peasant changes now.
3,
In arrangement of current land system, a most bad system is ministry of land natural resources came on stage 2008 " urban and rural construction uses couple of ground increase and decrease pilot government measure " . This system sets, can build those who use the land to raise photograph couple with the city through building the country those who use the land to decrease, basically be through tearing open farmer house, the country curtilage base answer cultivate is farmland, form thereby corresponding add a city newly to construct the index that use the land. Apparently look, policy of link up with of increase and decrease increased urban construction to use the land through reducing a country to build with the ground, it is thereby below the condition that construction did not add with the ground, raised construction to use the efficiency of the ground. Because urban construction uses the ground to have outclass country,build the value that uses the land again, because this thinks policy of link up with of increase and decrease is OK,generation gives money of land of a huge sum. Very much place was based on the whole nation to one kind is misunderstood and undertake various land reform so just about pilot, the most typical have the province such as Shandong, Heibei " the farmer goes upstairs " , of Chongqing " ground ticket " system, of Henan " curtilage base certificate " , these land reform are pure those who belong to policy of pair of link up with of increase and decrease read by accident, created very serious resources waste. Worse is, policy of this kind of link up with of increase and decrease that is read by accident has made the fundamental sex system that almost all local government has land system is reformed, because this continues,create serious resources waste. Absurder is, the system clever medicine that policy of link up with of increase and decrease still is regarded as essence of life to help deficient up definitely.
By nature, to protect land, intensive is managing with the ground, the country was adopted slant strict urban construction furnishs with the ground, local government develops in economy and urban construction needs to use the land in urban dilate process namely, the construction that national make known to lower levels gives local government slants with ground index close, what caused local government to construct the index that use the land is rare be short of. Rare lack generation value, the city built index to have value accordingly. It is just about below this one setting, system of link up with of increase and decrease is passed tear open farmer house, the farmer curtilage base answer cultivate reduces rural construction to use the land for farmland, use ground index in order to increase urban construction, because index is rare,obtain thereby the value that lacks generation. The problem is, this index is rare the child that be short of is national plan, be not real market rare be short of, and this is index only is rare those who be short of land of and rather than is rare be short of. In the center of politics grind Zheng Xinli of room former vice director thinks country curtilage base is worth 100 trillion RMB at least, he misunderstood land index and the difference that earthy price is worth apparently, reached do not rely on chart completely about the farmer curtilage the estimation of base value. Even somebody thinks, what the supply that can build the index that use the land to local government through reducing a state further will cause local government construction to use the land is bigger rare be short of, in order to increase the value that construction uses ground index, raise a rural area finally further curtilage base exits the value that forms a city to construct the index that use the land, can allow a country thereby curtilage base value increases 200 trillion, those who let a farmer gain bigger belongings sex income is conceited.
This kind of understanding misunderstood construction to use ground index and the difference that build the itself that use the land apparently, link up with of increase and decrease is only the farmer curtilage base answer cultivate forms corresponding city to construct the index that use the land for farmland, here is the value of index only, use the value of ground itself without construction, because the country is intensive,the value of this index is apparently managing adopt with the ground slant the plan be caused by that fast city builds the index that use the land to furnish, the city that is not the market to form builds the value that uses the land. That is to say, below circumstance of index of national plan supply, policy of link up with of increase and decrease can realize the fortune move on certain level: Increase urban construction to want to collect land not only with the ground and should corresponding construction uses ground index, policy of link up with of increase and decrease increased a city to construct the index that use the land through allowing a country to build with the ground, local government is about to pay fee to increase quota newly, pay cost. Local financial capacity is strong, give exit curtilage base farmer is more accrual, local financial capacity is weak, cannot give farmer more profit, can force the farmer goes upstairs, cause serious consequence. Any land money give without creation in this process, have the move of fortune only at most.
The problem is, because land system is too complex, branch of media, academia, policy and local government think link up with of increase and decrease can generate a wealth of land of a huge sum by accident, is not to transfer money merely, so local government tries to let a farmer achieve earnings of land belongings sex through policy of link up with of increase and decrease, will achieve all sorts of goals that do not have Benmoli, the result discovers to there is the fortune of for no reason at all at all on this world however, the land system reform that local government undertakes through link up with of increase and decrease does not have almost one not with random booth wind up: Shandong " the farmer goes upstairs " such, chongqing " ground ticket " such, henan " curtilage base certificate " also be such.
4,
The place with current land complex system depends on, land is had not removability. All sorts of land systems arrange will different area, not congenial land confuse sth with sth else, use construction ground index confuse sth with sth else with the ground and construction, the earthy price that the wealth that serves as public policy move and market generate is worth confuse sth with sth else, it is OK to produced all sorts of highbrow grounds to think to want to put vivid land right only thereby " show change " give land value, can generate wealth of land of a huge sum, with respect to can automatic implementation earthy valuables buried by landlords or rich peasants produces the illusion of authority. Farmer of Zheng Xinli estimation curtilage base what price is worth more than 100 trillion yuan is conceited the model that imagines this kind just about.
On January 17, 2018 morning
