No matter be,solving problem of financing of small small company still is other more complex finance demand, perfect tool was not had on the world, but always can find more the way with effective suit.
-- finance of strong and pervasive fragrance
The summer 2012, because want to make report of a group of investigation, a when I and colleague went to Zhejiang small town -- all and. That a period of time, by the long triangle area that civilian banking crisis envelops, bank and enterprise lie among exceeding uneasiness.
Want the incident of investigation at that time, cause and effect is not difficult li is clear: The loan that a well-known company of local goes in some share expired, add is borrowed did not succeed, the enterprise was immersed in the crisis. Back-to-back, the wind of a few banks accuses other to also pull loud alarm, collective is smoked borrow, again down embroil the fluctuation of this enterprise swims. . . . .
At that time, all censuring on the bank body that amasses the first in that to be borrowed without add, but chief also very grievance, because this loan specified amount is spent,do not calculate big, 10 million. To year of sale for a few enterprises of 100 million, really unapt " have a fracture " .
But feasibility condition is, these medium and small businesses because financing is not easy, so debt concerns often very complex, there is loan in much home bank at the same time normally, now and then look for folk leasehold do " cross the bridge " also be constant thing, possibly still a lot of couplet defend the case that couplet borrows. If debt of a few external debt plus entrepreneur individual, favor, that is more complex.
So, those a few years, growing trigonometry especially, bead the section that the medium and small businesses such as trigonometry focuses, because add is borrowed,won't do (or the bank is smoked borrow) and the case that is immersed in management predicament emerges in endlessly. Had interviewed the bank of many place, everybody is helpless also, because if do not run first,run,did not drop.
Yesterday, shandong heart city carries out " borrow without add of repayment of capital " went up CCTV news, became " serve hypostatic economy " example. Of course, the cause that causes heat to discuss besides it to action outside, still result from local superintendency branch is right " borrow without add of repayment of capital " comment on: Current, had not discovered brushstroke is undesirable loan, realized silver-colored look forward to double win.
Well-known, these year, superintend advancing all sorts of policy to hope to guide financial orgnaization to sink all the time, solve financing of medium and small businesses the issue with difficult, expensive financing, but the difficult problem of this world-class did not get effective settlement. Get to the bottom of sth traces to the source, this also is a chance that the P2P industry with at present ceaseless disturbance rises.
In fact, be in early in July 2014, former silver-colored inspect can be rolled out " borrow without add of repayment of capital " , the reason in the final analysis with not big voice still follows its commercial value to concern, after all the financial forms for reporting statistics that what the bank should consider above all still is him and superintendency index.
Although do not need to exaggerate the action of product of a loan, but still can encourage this kind of attitude at least. Because, medium and small businesses for quite a long time financing predicament, not be to do not have capital and demand, let without right kind and price however both match.
Share an article today, dilatancy " borrow without add of repayment of capital " casuse and effect, enjoy~
"Borrow without add of repayment of capital " cause and effect
Civil | Wang Jian
Origin | Wang Jian's angle
1
Actually " borrow without add of repayment of capital " with braised chicken different, it is not the special local product of heart city. This kind of practice, was in the past a few years actually what banking handles each district together with superintendency layer is medium when problem of credit of small small company, explore a kind of way that come out. This way does not say to finish the United States, but have its effect.
Loan of small small company is cosmopolitan difficult problem in. And before this, the banking of our country also had made many effort and attempt. Because lifecycle of small small company is short, live on average allegedly life does not exceed 3 years, accordingly, the bank dare extend to them not quite in long term loan (spot is restricted to be in 1 year the loan of above) , can extend only short term loan.
Then, we saw a very unbalanced credit structure. For instance, with in Wen Zhou of town of military importance of small small company is exemple, its are all in credit, of short term loan occupy rise than beginning to fly all the way from 2005, reached the peak value of 83% 2012.
Scale of the long term loan in Wen Zhou, short term loan
Our open an enterprise, the capital that invests, impossible much is answered in adduction of a year come. For instance, purchase workshop, machine to wait, it is fixed assets investment, pay back period is very long. And reality is, in a few years of in the past, lukewarm city employers run a plant, the deadline that is in debt for the most part actually is a year of less than.
Apparent, common sense tells us, this is unscientific. When these short term loan expire, capital still is freezing in fixed assets, what to take to return loan?
Then, "Cross the bridge " loan enters arena. When short term loan expires, the boss lends brushstroke folk first leasehold, return loan. Next, had waited a few days, new brushstroke short term loan is borrowed come down, still drop folk again leasehold. In normal the year's harvest, folk is leasehold also distribute benefit with respect to 1-2 (every months) , have enough to meet need crossing the bridge needs left and right sides of a week only, amount does not consider the interest that generates actually so tall. And arrived constrictive when, interest rate will be higher.
But, crossing the bridge have a risk after all. Once encounter money to tighten,shrink, the bank puts in new short term loan to come out no longer (perhaps saying is client director is willing to put in, but the head office did not have the forehead to spend) , so the proprietor of an enterprise cannot be returned folk is leasehold. Because folk is leasehold interest rate is very high, borrow 7 days to be no problem only, if borrow,go up longer, so heavy interest burden can bloodletting the enterprise very quickly put dead.
Particular case, can consult " people's name " the Cai Chenggong in.
2
When money is constrictive 2011, of Wen Zhou a lot of in small small company dies so namely. Of course, as a result of enterprise of hound somebody to death is folk leasehold, this so disturbance is called " usurious crisis " . Very apparent, it is what it says " usurious crisis " be a kind of special typical case attribution mistake, see the face of the problem only, not essence of get to the bottom of. Seek the source of this one problem, wanting asking question is, why does the bank always give off short term loan only?
Reason actually very much also. Besides what tell at the beginning, the bank is afraid of in life expectancy of small small company is short, besides the long term loan in dare be not being put, still have a few other reasons:
1, short term loan is examined and approve easily, use agile also: Short term loan is used at company liquidity turnover commonly, and in long term loan is used at fixed assets investment commonly, when the head office is examined and approve, former and opposite easy.
When the enterprise uses fund, liquidity fund is some more convenient also, and when be being used at fixed assets to invest, the data that requires preparation is more, formalities is trivaller. The convenient sex demand that small small company reachs the designated position to capital in is higher.
And nowadays, in product of credit of small small company is very rich, already can alleviate this one problem.
2, call in every year borrow again, also be a kind of wind accuses a medium: The enterprise manages aggravation to have a process, if do not have an accident, won't die for an instant commonly, total meeting has a course that gives an issue slowly. Loan is sent only short-term, call in after a year borrow again, if understand company venture, can reject heavy hair, reduce bank risk (but because this raised the fluidity fault of the enterprise,compound a risk) .
But actually, do not call in borrow again, dog at any time battalion of already of monitoring look forward to, also can remove wind to dominate the result, but this is taller to the requirement of bank risk level of management, some banks do not have the ability of monitoring of this kind of real time and method previously, can weigh borrowed method through calling in only. Technical measure is much now, not be actually can rely on what borrow ability to do good wind to accuse again to call in only.
3, the director of a few client that does not remove a bank, with old tall collude, earn the interest crossing the bridge of the enterprise, client manager from which deduct a percentage from a sum of money.
Anyhow, a variety of reasons bring about a bank to be opposite in trend of small small company puts in short term loan, when bringing about short term loan to expire, the enterprise needs " cross the bridge " , and it is very flimsy and dangerous that this kind crosses the bridge. Wen Zhou's case proves, bank cannot after add sends loan, company unfavorable situation is very dangerous.
3
Accordingly, after crisis of liquidity of Wen Zhou medium and small businesses (other place also erupted) , each district government begins to explore a few other methods, will solve this one problem.
Above all, want to solve an enterprise thoroughly " short borrow long cast " , it is to be able to spin on one hand loan time limit, encourage a bank to put deadline on seniorer loan. After lukewarm state crisis, zhejiang superintendency branch has raise this one requirement, the bank also developed the product with a few longer time (cooperate to accuse a medium with other wind at the same time, be opposite for instance enterprise year careful) .
In the meantime, in life expectancy of small small company is shorter, this is the fact that does not dispute, the long term loan in forcing a bank very hard also to put in completely so, solve deadline fault to compound a problem thoroughly. Accordingly, settle the main way of the problem, it is how to ensure the enterprise that accords with loan level finishs add to borrow.
Once thought the measure that pass includes:
1, official loan crossing the bridge. The government is established turn borrow fund, fund crossing the bridge, the company that gives need have enough to meet need offers financing.
2, the government lets a bank sign affirmatory book. Call in on brushstroke short term loan when, sign affirmatory book, if the enterprise does not have aptitude problem, must put inside proper time borrow (let you otherwise this bank opens no less than going to on our ground) .
3, the bank that has management head partly, also seize business chance, had rolled out the bridge actively to shift business. They are pretty good to a few aptitude the enterprise that has encountered bridge problem however, give actively put lend support. This often is a few mainland change rate the local city commercial firm with tall, agile mechanism, farming commercial firm.
These methods make the enterprise has been in in bridge process, bridge risk had been reduced on certain level. But more complete solution, expire in short term loan namely hind, make loan bank new examine enterprise aptitude, if quality does not have a problem really, allow " borrow without add of repayment of capital " , direct from go up at all danger of zephyr of the trouble that avoided an enterprise to had sought bridge fund, cost.
And a series of superintendency provisions with our country original banking, it is to prohibit the bank borrows return newly old, borrow return newly old it is asset quality not the expression of beautiful. It is old loan after expiring, must repay first, repass examine and verify, extend new loan. To solve this one problem, superintendency branch manages long-term research, combine each district experience, rolled out borrow without add of repayment of capital.
As to such doing have a risk, actually the most crucial, it is to depend on when examine and verify reach the designated position whether strictly. Superintendency branch also sets, to the business that shifts without add of repayment of capital, must satisfy a series of requirements, management production each side is good, ensure add lends quality.
But the market or concern, bank fact does a process in, may have moral risk or operate a venture, be afraid that the bank takes this to conceal undesirable.
To this, the method of only, just can superintend a layer to father add an examination, try to put an end to as far as possible. Of course, itself does not have perfect tool, it is balance only each advantages and disadvantages, choose a relatively effective tool.
Sharing also is a kind of force.
