Tang Shangfa

▲ just stands

[China magazine editor's note] should the agreement of this print, fang Lixian is unripe with " introduction of Chinese calligraphy research " article of series of the compose that it is a problem is in this print serialize, this period publish " Tang Shangfa " fasten the 6th. The author thinks, tang Ren still the law is Jin Renshang charm and Song Ren still a of meaning important the link intermediate, the Cheng Weijin on its book wind aftertaste. Tang Ren asperses Jin Renxiao lasting appeal brings into law in, make calligraphy normative and free, heavy law still vivid, often be common people with " law " without exception. Cong Weijin's Shang Yun arrives of Tang Dynasty still law, make extreme carefully and nearly the cursive development of regular script and freely god ease arrives new peak, opened the most bright canto on calligraphy history. What the establish as a result of law of calligraphy of this one period and book body fasten is complete, calligraphy enters the course that artistic consciousness develops from now on. Pay close attention to please and discuss.

-- practice of calligraphy of the Tang Dynasty of the Sui Dynasty and theory

■ article ／ Fang Li

The Christian era 577 years, the Northern Zhou Dynasty destroys the Northern Qi Dynasty, unite north. 581 years, authority official Yang Jian forces week of static emperor abdicate, build Sui Chao. 589 years, the Sui Dynasty destroys old, the situation of dissension of north and south of 300 one's remaining years ends last a period of time, the calligraphy style that makes dissension causes north and south to differ begins to get confluence, the calligraphy that height of open Tang Dynasty develops and flourishs.

Sui Chao unifies the world, confluence of nature of wind of book of north and south, gradually hasten is counteracted, the Northern Dynasties is received on, next opening 3 the Tang Dynasty. After ascend the throng of Di Yangjian of article of the Sui Dynasty, found the imperial examinations that the exam holds the post of an official is made, establish the Imperial College to lead a structure as educational administration. Below the Imperial College initiate book learns, mathematics, law learns to wait for a specialized subject kind the official learns in the center of, the country with the tradition child learn, the Imperial College, learn 4 times to form 6 learn a system. The Sui Chao of 30 one's remaining years, establish a country short, famous book home is not much, roughly Zhi Yong, wisdom fruit, Ding Dao is protected wait for a person. Zhi Yong is Wang Xi 7 worlds grandson, by the monk of Chen Ru the Sui Dynasty, the life says always a Buddhist monk, accede and develop Wang calligraphy, made law standard, system. Get the person that defend a husband " sum a graph " the impact that 7 strokes situation considers, zhi Yonghe still sums up regular script of main strokes of a Chinese character " always " word 8 laws, the attention of the person that be learned a book by past dynasties. Wait for a person as to Ou Yangxun, Yu Shina, set sth afoot in old age, should be attributed to first Home Tang Shu.

Great undertaking of the Sui Dynasty 13 years (617) , the arms since Li Yuan. Second year, emperor of depose Sui Gong professes emperor, heart of fierce of change the designation of an imperial reign, chang'an of found a capital, dynasty title the Tang Dynasty, it is to be Tang Gaozu. In Tang Dynasty, one, wind of book of north and south is confluent make a book " law " preliminary establish; 2, element of Tang Dynasty politics, culture, religion and face of social life Zhu Fang is calligraphic Shangfadi offerred a condition; 3, the calligraphy law that regular script and careless chirography are showing Tang Dynasty, also represented Tang Dynasty calligraphic top achievement. Tang Dynasty is the 2nd monument on phylogeny of our country calligraphy, the Cheng Weijin on its book wind aftertaste, often be common people with " law " without exception. Cong Weijin's Shang Yun arrives of Tang Dynasty still law, make extreme carefully and nearly the cursive development of regular script and freely god ease arrives new peak, opened the most bright canto on calligraphy history.

▲ just establishs running hand work: " father " sentence covering of the fan 68cm of one 34cm ×

Tang Dynasty calligraphy is carried out

Practice of Tang Dynasty calligraphy can be divided roughly for first the Tang Dynasty (618-713) , Cheng Tang (713-805) , evening the Tang Dynasty (805-906) 3 period. Tang Chu, the home of a batch of books such as Ou Yangxun, Yu Shina is entered by the Sui Dynasty the Tang Dynasty, basic dominant the book wind at that time. Fill Tang Shi period, all sorts of chirography reach new peak, the element of ice of Li Yong, Zhang Xu, Yan Zhenqing, Li Yang, bosom a person of academic or artistic distinction that is famous in generation comes forth in large numbers, establish Tang Chao is in China the height position of calligraphy history. Period of evening the Tang Dynasty, as the society queasy, national power ebbs, calligraphy on the wane, book wind tends form is changed, more influential book home only minority of type of willow public right, Yang Ning a few people. Tang Dynasty writes calligraphy of classics, inscription on the memorial tablet with a tomb much wind following the fashion, leave the precious culture involuntary discharge of urine of a lot of plain forthright and sincere to put. Period of the Five Dynasties of the Tang Dynasty of the Sui Dynasty, tang Dynasty book is talked most flourishing, of Sun Guo front courtyard, Li Sizhen, Zhang Huai put forward to have a mind which perceives both past and future opinion alone, zhang Yan is far collect the precious book that saved forefathers to talk.

Tang Dynasty calligraphy is flourishing change with development, like with the monarch closely related. Tang Taizong Li Shimin (599-649) love calligraphy, instruct year at the beginning of chastity view, piece inside silk of government office gold asks for Wang Xi wait for ink marks of a person of academic or artistic distinction, a note of the ancient Chinese five-tone scale of life the Kingdom of Wei, Yu Shina, Zhu Suiliang tries appreciation make a catalogue, model of develop of industry of energy of person of book of drive choosing develop, make wide to circulate. " chastity view talks " account: What buy ease little book to altogether to go really 390 paper, outfit it is 10; Careless 2000 paper, it is 8. Occupy Heyan " Lan Ting is written down " account, tang Taizong earning " Lan Ting foreword " it is ala of the Shixiao that send drive to Zhi Yongdi child commentate cheat over there eloquence those who come. Tang Taizong still gives orders will " Lan Ting foreword " in the be buried with the dead after he is dead. Li Shimin will give the 3 Wu Wei mark that heavy gold collects, tibet is entered inside government office, jun Chen in all photograph enjoy, wait with Yu Shina, Zhu Suiliang for division, study calligraphy. Tang Taizong alone the calligraphy of honour king Xi, consolidate the most important step of book emperor status of Wang Xi, it is to compiling " Jin Shu " when be Wang Xi personally make pass theory, the calligraphy that evaluates Wang Xi uses substance of pen, form, cloth ten division of labor send Bai Jun grind clever: Sift Gu Jin, grind element of seal of essence of life, to the queen's taste, its only Wang Yi is little! Tang Taizong thinks, art and calligraphy should " mix in the section, do not fasten Yu Fu to put " . Wind of strong book of hero of the Northern Dynasties is too gruff, the gentle and lovely that beautiful book wind breaks the Southern Dynasties, do not accord with the aesthetic requirement that Tang Taizong counteracts. Wang Xi's calligraphy adds caustic ancient way, cut into parts today body, impartial, gentle, have neutralization beauty, accord with aesthetic appeal of Tang Taizong. Tang Taizong do one's best popularizes Wang Xi's calligraphy, the power establishment with the monarch book emperor status of Wang Xi, also be Tang Dynasty still calligraphy wind provided standard and model. Him Li Shimin first division Sui Shiling, join after learn Yu Shina, those who return the Wang Xi that seek copy, labour travel is careless, a style of calligraphy characterized by hollow strokes of be apt to, stay " hot spring inscription " wait for running hand to engrave tablet. Tang Taizong's hobby and advocate, drove Tang Chu to produce a calligraphy to innovate motion, altered the aspect of tablet of Zong Wei of post of north of the division austral in the past, north, make of Wang Xi what regular script becomes countrywide chirography is authentic, affecting Tang Dynasty directly still the trend of calligraphy law art.

Prosperity of Tang Dynasty calligraphic develops, especially still the formation of calligraphy wind, return profit from imperial examinations to make the promotion that promoted calligraphy education and standard. Imperial examinations makes budding Yu Na the Northern Dynasties, begin at Sui Chao, mature Yu Tangchao. In Tang Taizong take seriously and drive below, imperial examinations serves as take person the system consolidates come down, make more than 1000 years of feudal periods the only way that person person enters official circles. Imperial examinations is made set scholar, bright classics, a successful candidate in the highest imperial examinations, bright law, bright book, bright calculate 6 divisions. Bright book says bright word again, it is the imperial examinations that is major with calligraphy takes an exam, main content is the character learns to mix mixed system calligraphy. Such, imperial examinations contacts be an official and calligraphy together cheek by jowl, promoted calligraphy education thereby. In Tang Chao, calligraphy is a division not only take person course, and it is the important level that chooses a government official. "The law of every choose person has 4: Say personally, wei of substance appearance abundant; 2 say character, one's words correct; 3 say book, model law powerfuling beauty; 4 say sentence, actor of unity and coherence in writing is long. " calligraphy is assessment, test, accept or reject important level of the government official.

In Tang Dynasty, the book learns is the country learns one of content. Tang Taizong Li Shimin is in great article house in edict of chastity view the first year of an era or the reign of an emperor class of calligraphy of open noble children, in Beijing 5 taste official above children, sexual loves to learn the person that the book reachs sex having a book, listen within great article house to learn a book, by serve book chancellery Yu Shina, Ou Yangxun teachs. This is our country ancient time on real significance official calligraphy study class. Tang Taizong watchs 2 years in chastity again (628 years) useless book stops to learn when restoring great-great-grandfather, bear the Sui Dynasty makes be subordinate to belong to the Imperial College, the book is set to learn doctor and assistant inside, the palm teachs 8 taste what reach person of be the concubine below child for the student. Book of the Imperial College learns the school that is talent of special education calligraphy, the student is major with calligraphy, education content includes " stone classics " , " say civil " (namely " say civil solution word " ) , " word forest " etc. Stone classics namely Wei Zheng only then year the five classics that with ancient prose, seal, be subordinate to 3 body write, it is the special training course that combines with chirography and photograph of study of Confucianist classics book, need is repaired 3 years. Other student also sets the Imperial College calligraphy study content, need learns a book, "Day paper " . There is serve book scholar beside the monarch, the Imperial College has a book to learn a doctor, in learning, 6 have a book to learn, the choose of Ming Shuke exam in wanting to attend imperial examinations, ability of the person that have book of be apt to only is promoted advance duty. Accordingly, local school imitates central institution of higher learning, pay attention to calligraphy education. In addition, the secret that the division of handed down from the older generations of the family that still has extensive presence gives learns education, continuance calligraphy teachs a tradition, breed large quantities of social book homes, the calligraphy such as public right of Yan Zhenqing, willow everybody is learn to start by the home. Tang Dynasty imperial examinations is made those who promoted professional calligraphy education is flourishing, to become fashionable calligraphy wind is arisen offerred principal institution to prop up.

Of Tang Dynasty still calligraphy wind, the aesthetic appeal that is the same as Tang Chao ruler and book home and consciousness also closely related. In Tang Dynasty in 21 emperor, have 16 emperor and calligraphy become attached to at least, he is liked and be good at calligraphy not only, and right book wind produces major effect at that time. Tang Taizong Li Shimin carries out the calligraphy theory that forms on the foundation to also provide one banner alone in calligraphy, its core is the book wind that proposes force of skeleton of be particular about, lasting appeal, standard. He says, I faces the book of the ancients, different does not learn its situation, be in only seek its bone power, and the situation is autogenous ear. Then, tang Chu calligrapher according to imperial be fond of, go after thin hard characteristic. Ou Yangxun put forward on this foundation " 8 bid farewell " and " 36 laws " , for still calligraphy wind provided academic basis.

After Tang Taizong, the past dynasties monarch later if Gao Zong, farsighted ancestor, Wu Zong, Xuan Zong includes Wu Zetian, all without exception takes calligraphy seriously. Xuanzong Li Longji (685-762) first politics, arouse one's all efforts to make the country prosperous, initiate yuan of flourishing age. His Cheng Zhen watchs relic, honour virtuous Shang Wen, perfect house cabinet system. Great article house collected ancient bronze mirror of labour book be apt to person, be engaged in school book, scribal wait for documentation, formed team of home of book of cabinet of a house from this. Because he himself is good at official script, Zhang Cao, be fond of the appearance of fat, dissatisfaction is faddish at that time with 2 book wind of Wang Weizu, because this is advocated,come with grass of official script, chapter correctional regular script and cursive. Li Longji is written personally " inscription of discipline Mount Taishan " reach " Shi Taixiao classics " , promulgate again " word interconnected system " the form of normative official script and write a law. Home of house cabinet book serves for the imperial court with calligraphy more, font with practical for this, beautiful and orderly for main purpose, promulgate personally in Li Longji " word interconnected system " rigid standard issues moral standard, artistic quality and individual character are insufficient. Right now book home writes official script to be example with Li Longji official script, custom is orderly, semmetry of be particular about, with the pen plump and smooth-skinned, contain model hint. The official script of forbidding of this kind of law still can serve as Tang Chu still the continuance of calligraphy wind. But, li Longji takes the aesthetic view that fat beautiful woman likes in the life into calligraphy, common people Ying Jixi is good with the requirement, then " leave yuan since, along fat common of bright emperor font, only then have Xu Hao, good with shutting Shi Jun place, classics new word also from this fertilizer " ; Have again " Li Beihai, Yan Ping former, Su Lingzhi generation, follow the fashion advocate good, all ancestor fleshy " , the official script of fruity richness is popular in Cheng Tang. Accordingly, of Tang Chu praise highly thin hard still calligraphy wind passes Cheng Tang fat Shang Fali book transfers level, evolve gradually. 10 thousand classics ever were in Qing Dynasty " cent be subordinate to puts occasionally " in those who compare Tang Li and Han Li is different: Chinese much clumsy is plain, smooth of Tang Zeri hasten; Chinese much heterogeneous, tang Zezhuan is taken orderly; Chinese much handier be like regular script, tang Ze slants add strokes to be aberrant. Between look spirit charm, far away not identical ear.

Because Tang Ren follow is black Zong Xi is good 8 minutes, cai Yong regards Tang Ren as the eye medium eight ancestor, its calligraphy position is higher and higher, tang Ren returns an a lot of Chinese tablet to write power attributive also Cai Yong, theory of calligraphy of Cai another name for Nanning and fokelore of relevant calligraphy or drawing come out in succession. At that time Tang Ren not only think " dawn flat rock classics " it is book of Cai Yong place, and the example that considers as 8 minutes of books. Zhang Huai " the book is broken " 8 cent, a style of calligraphy characterized by hollow strokes are the another name for Nanning that list Cai superb work, an ancient style of calligraphy, an ancient style of calligraphy, official script is fine quality goods. He evaluates calligraphy of Cai another name for Nanning to say: "Labour book, seal, be subordinate to is unique, get eight choice especially small. System way 100 change, poor spirit is used up clever, alone pace today ancient. Create a style of calligraphy characterized by hollow strokes again, clever have unsurpassed, use meritorious service combining a look, true different can person also. " his " 6 body book is talked " more unplug position of Cai Yong's an ancient style of calligraphy, an ancient style of calligraphy tall, wen Yun: "An ancient style of calligraphy person, history read aloud go to also. ... history reading aloud is its ancestor, li Si, Cai Yong is its heir. " say again " an ancient style of calligraphy person, li Si is built also. ... Li Si is ancestor, cao Xi, Cai Yong is heir. " of Zhang Huai " the book is broken " Zong Kaiyuan of the Yuxuan that finish 15 years, he is lifted oneself with book of be apt to in this year should make, call together is waited for for member of the Imperial Academy instruct. He Cai Yong 8 minutes of books label superb work, cooperate extensive of Tang Xuan an administrative unit in Xizang to restore ancient ways of purpose it seems that learned devree. " the book is broken " the ancestor that narrates 8 minutes of books is Wang Cizhong, and Zhang Huai later " 6 body book is talked " , act according to Cai Yong the ancestor for 8 minutes directly. He says: "The 8 person that divide, wang Cizhong is built also. Stipple is started, body spirit male different, bravado casts halberd, vacate gas raise wave, gui Yishang is strange, explore spirit demand is excellent. Another name for Nanning of Cai of it may be said is ancestor, elephant of Zhang Chang, emperor is child, jing Weisun of bell You, all alone. " Zhang Huai replaces Wang Cizhong to regard as with Cai Yong eight ancestor, should not be a slip of a pen. Although a slip of a pen, also be to do it of purpose.

Actually, in Tang Dynasty inside very long period, calligraphy position of Cai Yong is not high. The Tang Dynasty day is primary, tang Taizong " of Wang Xi pass theory " , Sun Guo front courtyard " book guide " Zhu Jiazhi of the Southern Dynasties says Zu Xi, what they pay close attention to is You of Zhang Zhi, bell, Wang Xi, Wang Xianzhi. " book guide " say: "Husband since ancient times book of be apt to person, chinese, Wei Youzhong, Zhang Zhi absolutely, what Jin Mo weighs 2 king is clever. Wang Xi's cloud: ' just searchs Zhu Mingshu, zhong Zhangxin is unsurpassed, the others inadequacy is watched. ' " Wu Zetian period, li Sizhen " postscript is tasted " the chart collection that regards past dynasties as calligrapher, from book home sees after Li Si carry write down. He divides home of past dynasties book into 10 etc, cai Yong calligraphy is labelled in going up, taste, if with 10 wait talk, list third class only. Cai Yong is " dawn flat rock classics " the compere that tablet engraves, " dawn flat rock classics " the law that regards a standard as study of Confusion classics and character namely at that time stand via, cheng Tang serves as him eight ancestor, also accord with Tang Dynasty still calligraphy wind.

Another when Shang Fazhi wind forms main reason, it is establish of Tang Taizong Li Shimin of Wang Xi book emperor status. 3 a letter from home talk in relief ask of the Tang Ou at the beginning of the make a comprehensive view, Yu Shina, Li Shimin, among them the clean up that the most important is ability doctrine theory and comb, ou Yangxun's knot of body talking, Yu Shina those who use pen talking, Li Shimin counteract aesthetic thought, it is Tang Dynasty Shang Fazhi wind provided corporeal foundation and standard, what Shang Fafeng of the one phase after was being made directly enrages is mature. And " neutralization beauty " , " to the queen's taste " it is the standard that had higher administrative levels to calligraphy on mental temperament. Wang Xi's calligraphy regards this as two kinds of normative unity, became home of Tang Dynasty book the allusion of pay homage to criterion, rank the world honour.

Always rise for, although " still law " cannot generalize Tang Dynasty gorgeous of book wind all, but the essential feature that can reflect wind of Tang Dynasty book.

▲ just establishs seal character work: Li Bai " sit alone Jing Ting hill " 136cm of 　 34cm ×

Tang Dynasty is main book home

World of Tang Dynasty book appeared public right of Ou Yangxun, Yan Zhenqing, willow such regular script everybody, appeared front courtyard of element of Zhang Xu, bosom, Sun Guo such cursive everybody, appeared Li Shimin, Li Yong such running hand everybody, appeared Li Yang ice, Li Chao such seal character everybody. With respect to book talking character, have Li Shimin, Li Yu such imperial book considers the home; The poetic book such as Li Bai, Du Fu, Sikongtu considers the home; Have Zhang Huai , Zhang Yan the professional book such as far, Li Sizhen considers the home; More front courtyard of Ou Yangxun, Yu Shina, Zhu Suiliang, Sun Guo, Zhang Xu, Yan Zhenqing, Li Yang puts such calligraphy on the ice to hold the authority that the book considers concurrently. Calligrapher and book discuss a team vast and mighty, offspring of the face before making looks at its a person's back. Pass what what make for Tang Taizong " bid farewell of calligraphy or drawing " , " by the book " , " point to meaning " with Yu Shina " pen marrow is talked " , the head Jin Renshang charm of successive Wang Xi weighs the ethos of meaning, emphasize calligraphy producing medium subjective ingredient. Later of Sun Guo front courtyard " book guide foreword " , of Li Sizhen " postscript is tasted " the idea of Wei Jin calligraphy that also analyses bell You, Zhang Zhi, 2 Wang Wei's representing, value the concern that discusses book home idea, feeling and calligraphy style.

First Ou Yangxun of home of Tang Si big book, Yu Shina, Zhu Suiliang, Xue Ji, tang Taizong period becomes famous. Tang Taizong loves Wang Xi's calligraphy, 4 people fall in Tang Taizong influence, learn 2 king calligraphy, ou Yangxun, Yu Shina most become famous first, after satisfying fine to a surname true open new style of Tang Dynasty regular script.

Ou Yangxun (557-641) , the word is believed this, pool city faces Hunan (today Hunan Changsha) person. Because of its rebel of father Europe in relief Ge is killed, from a child by father friendly minister your river always adopts, sui Tang of all previous be an official, chastity is watched year a bachelor of house of the article that it is great, the official makes more to prince rate, seal found a state of Bohai Sea county male, the life calls Europe positive rate more or Ouyang Bohai Sea. Calligraphy suffers foster father river always illuminative, chen Shifeng of bridge of begin to learn, 2 king are chased after on, hind Min of Liu of division the Northern Qi Dynasty, consult book of Jing Cao learning large rope, the wind of integrated north and south, form set prescription does danger strong color. He is perfectness each body, regular script and running hand achievement are top. " old Tang Shu? Ou Yangxun " account: Danger of style of writing or drawing is strong, for temporarily absolutely, the person gets written language of its a model of epistolary art, xian Weijie model. Gao Li weighs its book very, taste dispatch to make beg. At the beginning of chastity view, be taken seriously by Tang Taizong, act according to religion with Yu Hongwen with Yu Shina house teaching shows model way. Regular script puts world masterpiece to tablet is engraved " change the tablet that spend a temple " , " inscription of 9 Cheng Gongli spring " , belong to work of maturity of wind of old age book.

" change the tablet that spend a temple " watch 5 years for chastity (631) year the book is engraved, when Ou Yangxun is 75 years old. This tablet uses pen and king Xi " classics of yellow front courtyard " close, be close to regular script in small characters, contain hint of be subordinate to, calligraphy powerful Wen Ya, knot word uses a pen light, clever. To strange ancient place, it is official script to change.

" inscription of 9 Cheng Gongli spring " than " change the tablet that spend a temple " late one year, the feature with danger rigorous interest is brighter, be acted according to to be Europe system pattern by home of past dynasties book. Modelling danger interest has stable feeling again, stipple position importance is accurate without by accident. Glyph all around line forms the arc to word introvert music, the palace in appearing is compact; Short line strokes comprises orderly thin rectangle inside the word, long term and outward extend spins, the lozenge with comparative and big, intense rake of the appearance outside forming a word. Appear fruity and simple and honest with the pen.

Yu Shina (558-638) , word uncle is applied, jump over city beyond Yao (today Zhejiang beyond Yao) person, old and well-known family of one's previous experience is big a group of things with common features, childhood funeral father, adopt a young relative gives father's younger brother. Sui Shi holds the post of a secretary bright, chastity is watched year a bachelor of house of the article that it is great, the official comes secretary inspect, feng Yongxing county child, the life calls Yu Yongxing, Yu Bi inspect. He gets Tang Taizong regard highly, often talk about calligraphy to it, and pass him learn Wang Xi calligraphy. Mi Fei " book history " the cloud: Too Zong Li learns right army cannot come, running hand of anxiety of go back to school. After Yu Cu, tang Taizong cry bitterly is more than, allege: Yu Shina at me, still an organic whole also. Cheng Zhiyong of Yu Shina division, get 2 king law, its book is dignified and lukewarm embellish reservation, solemn and quiet, not Shang Jiqiao, more the ethos that accords with scholar-bureaucrat to counteract, wang Zi be consideringed as is authentic. He suffers Tang Taizong special honour, place book " tablet of Confucius temple hall " obtain the Huang Yinyin that grants Wang Xi especially one, reputation is big, then with become famous earlier Ou Yangxun is eponymous the world, pass even.

" tablet of Confucius temple hall " a lot of font and Europe body likeness, but word more slant gangling, go up to issue a pine closely, body, line is much form of the beat outside appearing, the space inside the word is relaxed, scattered bright, use a lukewarm profit refined, the circle turns give priority to, line change is concise, contrast is delicate and implicative.

Zhu Suiliang (596-658) , the word ascends fine, qian Tang (today Zhejiang Hangzhou) person, seal Henan county fair, the life calls a surname Henan. He is good at calligraphy, rich knows literary history. When chastity is watched, tang Taizong sighs after Yu Shina dies, unmanned but with discuss a book. A note of the ancient Chinese five-tone scale of the Kingdom of Wei recommends Zhu Suiliang, praise powerful of his begin to write or paint, get Wang Xi's system. South world of anxiety of the imitate when his teenager, wang Xi learns after blossomming. He Wang Xi appearance of travel, careless pen blends in regular script, much appearance of travel pen change, fly the ease that move a person of extraordinary powers, calligraphy just rectifies of primitive simplicity, give birth to clumsy energetic, contain hint of be subordinate to. Work of his be handed down from ancient times has " tablet of rabbi of the first month " , " emperor of wild goose tower teachs foreword " etc. Because he objects Tang Gaozong establishing Wu Zetian to be empress, be demoted, the rank of nobility of the official after dying is stripped, the son is killed.

Xue Ji, word heir is connected, pu Zhou Fen is in relief (today Shanxi county of 10 thousand flourish is southwest) person. He is the grandson of a note of the ancient Chinese five-tone scale of the Kingdom of Wei, calligraphy is given priority to with learning Zhu Suiliang, get its marrow greatly. When person, buy a surname to get Xue, do not lose its part.

Cheng Tang true travel is careless each chirography a person of academic or artistic distinction comes forth in large numbers, li Yong's running hand, those who conceive element is Zhang Xu, cursive, true, running hand of Yan Zhenqing,

Li Yong (675-747) , word peaceful and, yangzhou river (today Jiangsu Yangzhou) person, ceng Guanzhi the North sea is viceregal, person plum the North sea. Honest and frank of his natural disposition, dare speak bluntly argues, offend many people, meet with repeatedly person circumvent, often be demoted official, allow finally to go up in the North sea to death. " announce and book guide " calligraphy of account plum another name for Nanning: Begin to learn becomes right army travel mode, file rises and fall to get its already clever, answer cast off old habit therefore, style of writing or drawing anew. The running hand masterpiece that lives a life from him is tasted " Li Saixun tablet " etc can see, a lot of knot words, come from with the pen " collect king emperor teachs foreword " . The rectangle of vertical situation of word of king of Li Yong general is unexpected sign flat square easily; The abundance that turns line infirmly changes, with brief, it is continuously still, outstanding and transverse extended external form; Aggrandizement king word admires the attitude of side to top right corner; Form wide rich of honest and sincere, Gu Zhuo's simple individual style. Dong Jichang recognition: Right army be like dragon, if the North sea is resembled. Li Yong changes system, for Tang Shufeng powerfuls first the action that Xiang Chengtang reachs inherit the past and usher in the future since development of vigorous and firm bold and unconstrained, also affect home of Song Yuanming book. When Li Yong is alive, already somebody faces the calligraphy that writes him technically. He puts forward: The person that be like me is dead, common of the person that learn me.

Tang Dynasty is cursive development is epoch-making. First the Tang Dynasty, he Zhizhang and Sun Guo front courtyard remain 2 king system today cursive wind, what develop sex of do as one pleases of as much as one likes to Zhang Xu, Huai Suze is continuous mad grass, extended cursive expressional domain.

He Zhizhang (659-744) , word season is true, from date 4 bright the inspect outside arrogant a person engaged in some particular pursuit, secretary. Jump over a city to always be promoted (today Zhejiang desolate hill) person, the official comes secretary inspect, the official is abandoned to be Taoism priest after. History inspect of secret weighing congratulate. He is unruly of person unruly or unrestrained, be apt to is talked about, happy event drink, cursive it is emotive of his forthright and sincere is revealed.

Zhang Xu (make an appointment with 675-759) , word uncle is tall, wu Jun (today Jiangsu Suzhou) person, the official grows to wrong rate government office history, person Zhang Changshi. He and He Zhizhang are affined, interest agree with each other, contact is intimate, his cursive more more vertical than He Zhizhang ease, the person often says with He Zhang when. Zhang Xu because of wine of be addicted to action is frivolous, every fuddle one's cap, call goes madly, it is begin to write or paint, or with head immerse Chinese ink book, wake already consider oneself, feel magical, cannot regain. The life calls piece of bump.

The person tie that Zhang Xu, He Zhizhang steps with the Qing Yihao such as Li Bai is the Eight Immortals in the legend in wine. Du Fu " song of the Eight Immortals in the legend in drink " say: Claim I are the celestial being in wine. 3 cups of careless emperor pass Zhang Xu, before take off one's hat shows a princes and dukes, wield one's writing brush fall paper is like cloud and mist. He calls Zhang Xu careless emperor. Zhang Xu calls oneself after seeing a surname aunt perform a sword-dance, calligraphy has progress greatly. Tang Wenzong Li Ang criterion Zhang Xu dance of sword of Hao of poetry of cursive, Li Bai, a surname instructs call 3 absolutely. Division of Zhang Xu calligraphy as man of virtual and ability from land of hall mother's brother far, go up bear of Liu Jian, Yu Shina, take 2 the law. He is passed in 2 king all is cursive power of the pen on the foundation is continuous time circle, even if momentum is mad careless, develop a cursive new form. Work of be handed down from ancient times has Zhang Xu " ancient poetry 4 post " , " abdomen painful post " . If even if cast for nothing,travel pen falls, have the power of tornado of cliff dropping stone, urgent rain.

Bosom element (737 -- ? ) , word Tibet is true, always city 0 hill (today Hunan 0 hill) person. From a child becomes a monk or nun, especially good cursive, disposition bold and unconstrained, regardless of trival matters, like to drink raise mark of gender, cursive free. Wine to one's heart's content is promoted hair, temple wall, dress, household utensils, of book of all without exception, when person drunk monk. Bosom element professes: Stem from bell You really, grass stems from 2 pieces (Han Zhangzhi, Tang Zhangxu) . He accedes Zhang Xu calligraphy or drawing, develop mad grass. Zhang Xu book is fat, promote with the center on the pen by frustration intense, and the side between pen of sharp edge broadness, bone has the flesh. Bosom element reduces scope of change of the movement that use a pen, multi-purpose center, reduce side sharp edge, calligraphy thin interest, travel and travel connection tend simplify, order is changed. Work of his be handed down from ancient times has " by signature " , " from appraise post " , " small grass 1000 words article " etc.

Cheng Tang calligraphy is the richest of great reputation should be Yan Zhenqing, be by what later generations says Cheng Tang atmosphere. The calligraphy new wind with strong simple and honest and big, well-developed gain of his that hero, the height of after the 2nd calligraphy that is afterwards king Xi. Later generations constant the article of the poem of the calligraphy Yan Zhenqing, Du Fu, Han Yu says for Tang Dynasty culture 3 absolutely.

Yan Zhenqing (709-785) , word quiet official, jing Zhaomo year (today Shaanxi faces Tong) person, linyi of Ya of ancestral home Lang, minister of Guan Zhili ministry, prince too master, all previous Shi Xuanzong, respectful an administrative unit in Xizang, Dai Zong, De Zongsi face, accept imperial put sb in a very important position more, feng Lujun found a state is general, the life says Yan Lu is fair. His humanness upright, dare speak bluntly, elbow out for many times by the person, circumvent. Although the body is in adversity, still faithful gentleman dedicates oneself to the service of his motherland. Day treasure 12 years (753) year when a Campagna is viceregal, bring salary hill conspire against the state, river new moon falls into enemy hands, alone Campagna city is adherence did not break, satisfy a heavy the government and the public, have Yan Ping former beauty praise. In building 4 years (783) betray of Feng Zhao Xuan Wei the Huaihe River Ning Jie is spent make Li Xilie come over and pledge allegiance, put under house arrest, the die for one's country after 2 years, die at the age of is 77 years old. Of De Zongwen, cease is chased after toward 5 days read aloud, instruct give " department apprentice " , shi " Wen Zhong " .

Past dynasties of Yan Zhenqing one's previous experience Confucianism learn to pass the home, house that is good at explanations of words in ancient books of calligraphy, proficient script person a group of things with common features, from character " since the Southern Dynasties, on ancestor read aloud with seal of careless be subordinate to more say for contemporary place " . Gens of maternal abundant family name also book of be apt to, from a child gets a mother to abundant the family name is awarded in person, suffer Zhu Suiliang to affect, hind division Cong Zhangxu, at the beginning of learning a book, weigh practical with law. Literal standard, law is Tang Chao's unified and flourishing need soundly, also be at that time politics asks to calligraphic. Yan Zhenqing temporize, acute meaning seeks law legislation, eventually successful, with model law matchless. He keeps life work much, around color change is big, can divide early in late 3 period. Write when 44 years old " much pagoda tablet " it is inchoate delegate work. 55 years old of around write " tablet of Guo home temple " wait, it is metaphase work, preliminary form individual style. Big one by one 6 years (771 years) the book engraves " altar of hemp aunt celestial being is written down " , duration is 63 years old, it is him in terminal transfer work. This work is grand square pen of powerful, body is round, do not have clumsy simple interest one time. His later work word slant long, centre of gravity slants on, modelling is forceful and pretty, representing work is " Yan Jiamiao tablet " wait.

Returning those who be worth to be carried is, ice of this world of Cheng Tang plum revived seal character. Sui Tang unites around, calligraphy is in true travel grass to form development period, font is used jumbly, much style is concomitant, daily use chirography is given priority to with true travel grass. Seal character weighs a circumstance with Yu Zhuang, often adulterate the influence of ancient prose of make copies by writing, strokes is voluminous at the same time, the habit is decorated with form of Miao seal, bird seal, variation is optional, very non-standard. Since Li Yang ice witnesses the Northern and Southern Dynasties of advance of the Kingdom of Wei the lose of seal character, plaint " all directions when cherish is mixed and disorderly, be in office think change, and annals cannot of Yang Bing " . He passes research of a few years of with great concentration, print is decided " say civil " , revive seal learns, play standard reads aloud the action of seal. He is very self-confident also to his seal character, think to get " the tenet that seal reads aloud " , so " wish to engrave Shi Zunzhuan, equipment book 6 classics, establish Yumingtang, for not the allusion of print, number says classics of big Tang Shi, make after 100 generation, the increase and decrease that do not have place " . Actually, there is the appearance that makes seal at will rarely after Li Yang is put on the ice, from Tang Yan add takes the place of to Qing Dynasty, book home is model with his seal character, later generations calls he and the Qin Dynasty toward Li Si 2 Li Huo person Si Bing. From Li Yang ice revives to seal character, also can see Tang Dynasty still the major effect place of calligraphy wind.

Late Tang Shufa with willow public right (778-865) most famous, as eponymous as Yan Zhenqing, have character of colour muscle willow say. He is today person of Shaanxi boast county, the official comes a high official in ancient China of the Ministry of Works in feudal China, prince too master, feng Hedong county is fair, have successively held the posts of bachelor of member of the Imperial Academy of Mu Zong, Jing Zong, Wen Zongsan face, calligraphy pole accepts imperial favour, fame is celebrated. Fair at that time Qing Dachen annals of domestic temple tablet, if not be Liu Shu, can be thought descendants is disobedient. He is person honest and frank, dare speak bluntly. Muzong politics out-of-the-way, taste ask public right pen He Jinshan? To saying: Be in with the pen heart, heart criterion pen. The appearance changes on, know its pen to remonstrate with also.

Willow public right with Yan Tishi wind is at that time this, the far king that chase after a bell, hold <> concurrently close first Home Tang Shu is thin fawn on of hard, beautiful ethos, calligraphy standard is rigorous, medium palace is close together, the bold that use a pen is thin quite, the person that learn a book for later ages offerred complete normative form, but cause a strike easily also form, lack affection to send, do the crisis with salary system, stage cabinet flush put oneself in another's position. Mi Fei is in " Hai Yue logion " in criticism: "Of ugly quite evil thin pieces of wood used for writing on in ancient China ancestor, have common book from Liu Shishi " .

The Christian era 907 years, zhu Wen abandons Tang Jianliang, enter the Five Dynasties from now on 10 states divide convulsion times. The Five Dynasties is experienced 50 old, scholar-bureaucrat takes care brush and ink innocently, calligraphy especially desolate. Type of particular Yang Ning carries on in troubled times Tang Dynasty relic, open the Song Dynasty is acting Shang Yishu wind.

Yang Ning type (873-954) , word scene is spent, china shade (today Shaanxi China shade) person. The Tang Dynasty Yang Shezhi of sad emperor photograph child, li Shiliang, the Tang Dynasty, advance, Chinese, Zhou Wu is acting, the official resides perch. Because of Chinese when hold a post prince little division, weigh Yang Shaoshi again. His feign is mad be able to stay at home idle, even if love letter law, landscape, Buddha, all over path of You Si courtyard to watch, leave a lot of book mark. As a result of forbidding of law of calligraphy of Tang Mo period, follow rules of common people brush and ink, the follow when the Five Dynasties this wind, tied calligraphy development. Type of particular Yang Ning is wanton, dare to make a book by personal meaning, go up objectively be helpful for breaking through Tang Fa to manacle, get resonance of person of the Song Dynasty, make beginning of calligraphic of Song Daishang meaning. Shed the travel that hand down model " leek Hua Tie " the masterpiece that is him, xiao San is weak far, in the collect inside palace, relaxed and natural.

▲ just establishs seal character work: Zhou Bangyan " Yu Louchun " 34cm of 　 136cm ×

Calligraphy of the Five Dynasties of the Tang Dynasty of the Sui Dynasty is academic

Tang Dynasty book talks feel no regret to be carried out at Tang Dynasty calligraphy, participator is numerous, discuss abundant of stylistic rules and layout, illuminate problem is deep, reach unprecedented height. According to history record, tang Dynasty has the imperial book such as Li Shimin, Li Yu to consider the home; The poetic book such as Li Bai, Du Fu, Sikongtu considers the home; Have Zhang Huai , Zhang Yan the professional book such as far, Wei Xu, Dou Quan, Li Sizhen considers the home; More it is to resemble front courtyard of Ou Yangxun, Yu Shina, Zhu Suiliang, Sun Guo, Zhang Xu, Yan Zhenqing, Li Yang to put such calligrapher on the ice to hold a book concurrently to consider the home. Tang Dynasty is famous book talking has more than 100 kinds, of Li Shimin " bid farewell of calligraphy or drawing " , of Ou Yangxun " 8 bid farewell " , of Yu Shina " pen marrow is talked " of Sun Guo front courtyard " book guide " , of Yan Zhenqing " talk Zhang Changshi calligraphy or drawing 12 meaning " , li Yang puts on the ice " talk seal " , of Dou Quan " the ode that narrate a book " , of Li Sizhen " postscript is tasted " , zhang Yan is far " calligraphy should be recorded " , of Wei Xu " Chinese ink is my " , the influence is extremely far-reaching.

As the ceaseless maturity of Sui Hechu Tang Shufa, explore ceaseless also development to calligraphy theory. Because Tang Dynasty is comprehensive and normative the law of regular script, official script, seal character, gas behaves this kind of Shang Fafeng above all in Sui Hechu the Tang Dynasty in calligraphy theory. Theory of doctrine of ability of Tang Duijie book makes enormous contribution first, it is Ou Yangxun, it is Yu Shina. Ou Yangxun is in " 8 bid farewell " in the condition that speaks of creation, conception, write, requirement " stop divide evenly on four sides, 8 edges are had " , in balanced in see drive. " 36 laws " it is right " 8 bid farewell " in the specific illuminate of structural theory: "Word law is so-called slant criterion, person slant, its are clever also. " 8 bid farewell " call not to make slant again side, also be also. " pass place of ask of this world that it is Europe to make " impart bid farewell " , " talk with the pen " , " 8 bid farewell " , " 36 laws " , have a lot of summary to calligraphy theory. In " impart bid farewell " medium cloud: Every grasp the pen is in surely round, effort freely is heavy light, static Lv of wirh fixed attention. When careful word situation, stop on four sides all, 8 edges are had; Short long close degree, degree of finish is eclectic; Heart allows Cheng, density . Least of all but busy, busy a lose power and influence; Second cannot delay, delay criterion bone is crazy; Cannot thin, thin a travel is withered; Answer cannot fat, fat qualitative chaotic. Fine detailed delay is faced, natural equipment body, this is most want beauty. Be in " 36 laws " in listed: The platoon is folded, avoid, the top is worn, rules of a variety of word of regular script knot such as thrust deep into the enemy forces. Ou Yangxun is in " 8 bid farewell " in put forward " empty fist straight wrist, show neat palm is empty " write talking, the Europe body regular script that does not start one case with oneself carried out his theory.

With Ou Yangxun structural theory makes a contribution those who answer opposite is the understanding that Yu Shina uses pen ability method, put forward on this foundation " counteracted beauty " idea. Of neutralization beauty put forward, mirrorred Confucianist art to watch pair of calligraphic to permeate. If say, ability doctrine theory is corporeal standard, so neutralization beauty makes mental standard. The most serious academic work south anxiety world is " pen marrow is talked " . He is in " heart, hand, canal, fine long hair " 4 person think in the relation, "The heart is gentleman " , agree at clever method be " heart healthy atmosphere and " . He is in " pen marrow is talked " in, put forward write " point to real control theory " say, "Get at the heart, answer at the hand " handy says, "The develop outside inward turning " , "Fine long hair coming back " " turn sharp edge " " hang Guan Jufeng " say with the pen, the key is " calligraphy or drawing " .

Tang Dynasty book talks those who involve calligraphy aesthetic each levels, but central topic for discussion still is calligraphy or drawing. Among them, circulate the widest, impact is the biggest is always word 8 laws. Always the origin that 8 laws and ability legal principle mention the word has 3 kinds of views: It is yuan of person Li Puguang " Xue An 8 laws " think, put forward by You of Cui Yuan, bell, Wang Xi's summary. 2 it is Zhi Yong say, song Ren " book center Qing China " offer this kind of point of view. 3 it is Zhang Xu say, zhu Changwen of person of the Song Dynasty " Mo Chi is made up " hold this kind of point of view. Tangchao Han Fang Ming is in " award a pen to want to say " in such account: Of word of be subordinate to of 8 laws result only then, all previous bell, Wang Yi issues Cui Ziyu of the later Han dynasty, impart Jing Yongchan division and to Zhang Xu, only then great 8 laws. Always word of 8 laws circulate, involve these 3 kinds of statements. In be being talked to the book of 6 face in Han Wei, have not see 8 laws discuss, to Tang Chuou in relief ask " 8 bid farewell " , Tang Taizong " bid farewell of calligraphy or drawing " in treat of calligraphy or drawing, have similar place with 8 laws. Always word 8 laws with " always " word discussion stipple uses pen law, included regular script basically of all kinds strokes, simple palpability.

Still need to learn to rise from regular script with the pen. Zhang Jingxuan is in " by the book " in say: "Book of its begin to learn, learn regular script first, this not be disloyal also. If do not learn regular script first, learn vertical system, after be suzerain, it is difficult to learn true system however. " the common people after this also makes graduallies nurturance the habit learning a book of Cong Jie hand. Evening the Tang Dynasty appears to discuss the work of calligraphy or drawing in great quantities in, all have rigid standard to substance of the write law, power that uses calligraphy or drawing, stipple, form, art of composition. Han Yu is achieved pass " the law that dial stirrup " basically be fingering regulation. Pass be made for Yan Zhenqing " narrate Zhang Changshi calligraphy or drawing 12 meaning " , have among them " imprint ink paste used for seals " , " awl picture is sanded " language. Xu Hao regards Cang Feng as the only method that uses a pen. Tang Ren highlights division to bearing in should, think to want to abide by principle of calligraphy or drawing only, again furthermore with " Bai Shouzhi result " , can send the most pleasant stage necessarily, right " code " suspect without a bit.

Pass write for wisdom fruit place " heart Cheng Song " You Songhe notes two parts to comprise, basically be a foundation in order to analyse regular script orgnaization, from the combination of balance and change the principle sets out, summary makes a certain number of rule of calligraphy structure aesthetic feeling, if answer,exhibit by shoulder, long Shu Zun sufficient, high is unplugged one horn, exchange hangs down shrink etc.

Of Sun Guo front courtyard " book guide " Chinese ink this, cursive beautiful makes since, it is Chinese calligraphy theory the book that milepost sense has extremely on critical history, all through the ages is regarded as " Shuang Bi " . " book guide " gist is building a kind of classic order, a kind of Confucianist " it is the United States in order to mix " aesthetic principle is presidential the calligraphy order below. Here, although law did not become a system, already saw scale however. If say Tang Chu book talks those who reflected a kind of aesthetic sense,be updated and the hope for to aesthetic new ideal, so Sun Guo front courtyard had built Tang Ren still the aesthetic new fashion of the law.

" book guide " in admire to the utmost calligraphy " ambition peace, do not stimulate not severe " " counteract " beautiful, this and " Yang Gang " , " strong beautiful " different, the essence that stresses calligraphy beauty is " affection uses form word, take can coquettish idea; In relief Shu Yin is miserable, this the heart of heaven and earth " . Calligraphy is objective the United States and subjective beauty are unified, subjective beauty often adheres to at objective beauty, a variety of view of calligraphy beauty are illuminated, if hang a needle,hang down dew, go straight towards Lei Zhui Jing of snake of dance of be astonished of animal of stone, Hong Fei, a mythical bird like the phoenix, absolutely cloud of bank decadent peak, collapse, cicada's wings, spring is noted, hill is installed etc. He thinks, apply the widest chirography, it is regular script, cursive. "It is with stipple really look is simple, make turn the sex that it is affection, grass is affection sex with stipple, make turn for look is simple " , look is simple unite adjly with affection sex in true, cursive body, this is very incisive opinion.

" book guide foreword " put forward to learn calligraphic in 3 measure and calligraphy creation 5 close, 5 good. Learn a book or call 3 phase with mature calligraphy: The first, begin to learn distributings, but beg smooth; The 2nd, know to make the same score already, wu is chased after danger absolutely; The 3rd, already can danger absolutely, revert is smooth. "Call first do not, pass in, a meeting is after. Connect during meeting, person book all is old " . That is to say, learn a book to want to pass rough to smooth arrive again cobbly is specific pursuit, ability reachs the artistic state with person book old all stage by stage quite. Calligraphy creation is subjective and objective of two respects cooperate, in an attempt to achieves heart hand syncretic, this is the common law of artistic creation. " book guide foreword " still put forward " ancient not good when, differ today fraud; Violate and do not make, mix and differ " wait for famous and artistic viewpoint, still can give people a lot of inspiration up to now.

Why is Sun Guo front courtyard written " book guide " ? He says: "From Chinese, since the Kingdom of Wei, the person that discuss a book is much, beautiful ignorants miscellaneous mix, entry dispute. Or restatement old rule, not different at be being gone to already; Or Gou Xingxin says, unexpectedly profitless in the future. Apprentice makes numerous person cover is numerous, que Zhe still faults. Write today it is 6, cent becomes two, its labour is used, the name says " book guide " . Be the concubine makes junior, act according to with dimensions; Bosom friend of the four seas, or put view province. The aim of close secret, yu Mo takes Yan. " his hope for from from of old the book of miscellaneous mix is talked in manage gives main threads of an affair, do not restatement old rule, clean-fingered promote say newly, go numerous Bu Que, discuss the fundamental of calligraphy aesthetic. This is a tickler, it is an important matter. Regrettablly is, can see now only " book guide " prelusive part, "Write it is 6, cent becomes two " come loose already by the part originally comfort.

Of Li Sizhen " postscript is tasted " . Li Sizhen (? - 696) word Cheng Zhou, slippery city corrects a city (today Henan grows wall) person. The assist in drive history always is being done obeisance to in prosperous, know doctor thing. He is erudite connect swing, the art with computative yin and yang of be apt to, draw generation of name of Buddha path ghosts and gods with be apt to. Because I already wrote shoulder of the Southern Dynasties aning enclosure for storing grain,have " the book is tasted " , reason its " the book is tasted " say again " postscript is tasted " , for always prosperous (689) year allow to go up be made. " postscript is tasted " follow shoulder aning enclosure for storing grain me " the book is tasted " stylistic rules and layout, take 82 books home, cent is 10 etc, in shoulder aning enclosure for storing grain 9 tasted before last taste my third class over, increase first and establish ease is tasted, try to comment on to be being tasted each. Ease is tasted belong to coincidence god to hand in, the state that natural the nether world engraves, create the thought feeling of main body to be revealed completely naturally, spirit and skill height are unified, write the rule accord with art. Can judge what taste for ease, only of You of Zhang Zhi, bell, Wang Xi, 4 people of Wangxian, think their work " achievement of foundation of ability of effect of raise front courtyard, plan merit, god adds up to rules of weather of carry of agree artisan, dark, all call absolutely Kuang Dai also " .

Zhang Huai , an Ling (today Jiangsu peaceful city) person, the famous book that is Cheng Tang period considers the home, consider the home for productive book, book mark is not passed nowadays, leave the academic work with huge system however. Have " storytelling medicines and stone needles for acupuncture-remedies is talked " , " the book is broken " , " book appraise " , " the book is discussed " , " jade hall is banned classics " , " book review " , " talk write way " , " talk use a 10 methods " , " the character is talked " . Of be handed down from ancient times have " the book is broken " 3, " the book is discussed " hank, " book appraise " hank, " the character is talked " hank, " 6 body book is talked " hank, " theory use a 10 methods " hank, " jade hall is banned via " hank, . Treatise of book of Zhang Huai is narrated very much, involve calligraphy art each respects, prideful book path is illogical without place, be good at true travel careless seal, from character " true travel can compare anxiety, a surname, gramineous desire alone the pace is counted hundred years " . Zhang Huai told about calligraphy development to watch, the high make public of pair of main body spirit wants in emphasizing creating, the calligraphy beauty that put forward expression beauty is ideal. Since he still summed up 6 face all sorts of viewpoints about the write law, power that uses calligraphy or drawing, stipple, structural situation, the ability standard that formed one a complete set of to be helpful for calligraphy study on this foundation is academic. He is elaborated further " always word 8 laws " use pen law with regular script, established the Fan Shi of the situation of regular script stipple, the popularity after making law of this one party is filling Tang Yi rises.

Zhang Huai uses compose of 3 years of time " the book is broken " divide 3, coil to be talked for chirography on, row ancient prose, an ancient style of calligraphy, a style of calligraphy, an ancient style of calligraphy, 8 cent, official script (model) , Zhang Cao, running hand, a style of calligraphy characterized by hollow strokes, cursive wait for 10 body, each introduce its source and course, of succeed with assist. " the book is broken " next medium coiling give a little attention to, clever, can 3 article, collection " whence to fizzle out oneself the Supreme Being, history read aloud, Cang Jie, reach Yu Huangchao to fizzle out Lu Cang uses a Shi Lang, altogether more than 3200 years " book home 86, each list close-up after, forming to have the whole system that chirography evolves and home of past dynasties book and work criticize is, it is calligraphy the monograph that theory history compares a system the first times, with Sun Guo front courtyard " book guide " be known as Tang Dynasty book to talk double wall together.

Essayist of Cheng Tang calligraphy still has Dou Quan, antrum to cheat brother to wait for a person. Late Tang Shu has the person such as piece of Yan Yuan by the home.

Confucius with " the analects of confucius " discuss official business, discuss politics, discuss civil, started conversational style. Tang Dynasty appeared with language the special book that discusses a book is talked, the person that discuss a book is Zhang Xu and Yan Zhenqing fitly two people, the influence is extremely so far-reaching. Zhang Xu fastens careless emperor, yan Zhenqing is model division, two people manage Cheng Tang period together, associate is very close. Colour of be handed down through generations ever abandoned an official twice, bai Zhangxu is Shi Xueshu, desire calligraphy or drawing, and since ancient times a person of academic or artistic distinction secret and do not pass calligraphy or drawing. Yan Zhenqing does obeisance to Zhang Xu for the first time, zhang Yaoyan is faced more write more. Piece diligent husband is faced write, calligraphy has progress greatly, but still do not satisfy, again demit official visits Great Master Zhang Xu to Dong Luo. Duration Zhang Xu lives in Home Pei Jing, pei Jing also consults Zhang Xu calligraphy or drawing for many times, it is to this problem every time " yock just " , "Only character doubly result learn to face write " . Request to fall repeatedly in Yan Yupei, zhang Xu is become hall dish sit at the bed, undertook with respect to problem of calligraphy or drawing with Yan Zhenqing type of a paragraph of interlocution speaks. Yan Xin gets a god to meet, this paragraph the dialog is arranged " narrate Zhang Changshi calligraphy or drawing 12 meaning " , hope as Confucius " the analects of confucius " same, serve as piece of door child to learn a book " ana " .

Zhang Xu thinks " Xuan Wei of calligraphy or drawing " , say not easily to be clear about, press " really careless body " , can talk about intention from 12 respects, namely: Smooth call horizontal, straight vertical,call, all call, call closely border, sharp edge call end, force calls bone body, light labyrinthian, call definitely hold up, fill call insufficient, caustic calls superabundant, artful call decorate, appellation size. Finally, zhang Xu nods clear calligraphic dialectics, namely " if essence of life is diligent,be versed in, all is become oneself had better pen " . Book path key is time " diligent " , secret expression is in law of write, knowledge, decorate, 5 respects such as paper pen, political reform. He says: "Clever in write, make its round free, do not make arrest contraction. Know a way next, call the part that oral instruction hand gives, do not make excessive, alleged calligraphy or drawing is in also. Depend on decorating next, do not jump over not slow, make opportunely convenient. Next fine of paper pen fine. Next political reform comfortable bosom, even if abandon pull to seize, salty have rule. 5 person equipment, next can neat Yu Gu's person. Next can neat Yu Gu's person..

Zhang Xu still points out to Yan Zhenqing, Pei Jing: "Draw sand like awl with the pen, make its hide sharp edge, the picture is ad cool-headed. Use a pen when its, often be about to make its are carried on the back through paper, this result becomes extremely. " " awl draws sand " , "Force appears paper to carry on the back " the axiom that became calligraphy art. Two artistic Great Masters, pass one asking and the other answering, accumulate oneself and experience reveal everything, form a meaning to tasty greatly grand calligraphy paper.

With mark of storytelling of narrative method appraise actor bad and ancient bronze mirror hide value, this is Tang Dynasty another kind of book discusses a form. Zhu Suiliang " this Le Yi talking writes down couch " , Xu Hao " historic site is written down " , He Yanzhi " Lan Ting is written down " , Sikongtu " book screen is written down " , Wu Ping " Xu law, belong to this kind. " this Le Yi talking writes down couch " account, chastity watchs 13 years (639 years) too ancestor with Xi of king of develop of Feng Chengsu place " Le Yi is talked " authentic work, cent gives son's eldest son not to have the thing of 6 chancellery such as a note of the ancient Chinese five-tone scale of collect of avoid, Fang Xuanling, Gaoshilian, Mr Hou, the Kingdom of Wei, Yang Shidao, judge a book of rubbings " pen situation essence of life is wonderful, use up fully model criterion. " a surname is a connoisseur, its judge natural cogency. Tang Dynasty regular script still law, its source lid is stemmed from " Le Yi is talked " , this is calligraphic origin relation. " historic site is written down " the article that receives for the watch, narrate too ancestor, the government office inside each face collects the Ji Xuanzong after fierce the rise and fall of book of 2 the law, get together medicinal powder circumstance, too ancestor when close, come loose when fierce hind, xuan Zongshi gets together to come loose again again, xu Hao accordingly the historical fact sighs greatly the be lost of mark of 2 king book, relapse demonstrate the artistic value of mark of 2 king book. Princess of the peace and tranquility when Tang Zhongzong is taken out inside government office 5 account unlawfully posses 2 Wang Shu mark 50 rolls, "Love " Le Yi is talked " , in order to weave bag fill, buy makes box wrap, after reaching book to do not have, salty in relief gammer is stolen in lifting sleeve, prefectural official is searched become aware, hurriedly and run quickly take the advantage of, yu Nai alarm dread, below the kitchen range that deliver, sweet hear several lis " , world of Xu Lu this book is anecdotical, with assist " Le Yi is talked " absolutely. " Xu calligraphy is written down " , of Ying Xuhao of the person that compose please, write down 2 king signature inside government office is distributing center circumstance, with " historic site is written down " make companion volume. " Lan Ting is written down " detailed record and narrate the world group book " Lan Ting foreword " appear, pass shed a variety of circumstances, especially Tang Taizong plan earn " Lan Ting " reached beginning and end of be buried alive with the dead to make lively depict, the recall that this is pair of artistic curiosa, regretful and yearning and adore, leave calligraphy to offspring the big unsolved problem on art history, rational color is same very grumous.

Those who be worth to point out is, the scholar thinks, it is before Tang Dynasty, because the ancients is on the ground and sit, writing a pose stand mostly, paper compares Song Dai the following should mix forcedly heavy, take impending on the hand book to write directly, do not have desk rely on. Just arrived after late Tang Yi, just circulate from the Western Regions and introduced the desk that writes aptly highly, arrived desk of allograph of the Song Dynasty uses ability to begin universal popularity to rise. Letter black-and-white invents Song Dai, make papermaking art develop further, paper also gets revolutionary transform and progress, become frivolous rise with softness. If be used at calligraphy, need those who have desk to rely on. Because this can be judged roughly, the ancients talks about calligraphy or drawing before Tang Dynasty, it is the calligraphy or drawing that impending book writes, the roll that the key is the brush in mastering a book to keep a process and apply. Such viewpoint, can draw the fictile in work and unearthed relics to write a person from archaic book attestation gets in figure.

Look from historical angle, tang Ren still the law is Jin Renshang charm and Song Ren still a of meaning important the link intermediate. Tang Dynasty asperses Jin Renxiao lasting appeal brings into law in, make calligraphy normative and free, heavy law still vivid. Additional, tang Ren still calligraphy wind is formed finalizing the design with 5 body book is harmonious, what the establish as a result of law of calligraphy of this one period and book body fasten is complete, calligraphy enters the course that artistic consciousness develops from now on. Although in because evening the Tang Dynasty is right " law " exaggerated change with form, make calligraphy is changed by art become vulgarization, but the ascensive port that does not affect law establish because of this. Tang Ren still of calligraphy wind form, increased calligraphy social class not only, and make calligraphy makes traditional culture mark, become a kind of culture knows way and action at other art, still provided long study for later generations, abide by and imitated model for painting.

▲ just establishs regular script work: Ou Yangxun " inscription of 9 Cheng Gongli spring " 980cm of 　 34cm ×

[figure record]

Fang Li (person of hill of alias dragon spring, Fang Biwen) , zhejiang honest brings prefectural person, record of formal schooling of on-the-job graduate student. In January 1969 enrollment, in May 1970 join or be admitted to the party, carried in June 1971 dry. In May 1990, transfer into central policy lab holds the post of political group to prepare to construct chief holds assistant group leader of Party branch secretary, field concurrently. Director of information institute, politics institute, international institute holds the post of respectively after 1996, held the post of lab vice director in September 2003. Held the post of literary history of countrywide the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and study council vice director in March 2013, seminar of science of policy of China of appoint to a position carries out chairman, culture committee chairman, director of reputation of research center of strategy of Beijing University China.

Monograph has " the destiny of contemporary China and future " (1992) , " the Chinese socialism in situation of many polarization world " (1998) , " hold to on new historical start and socialism of development China characteristic " (2010) , " Gu Si is silken. Chief editor has " compose builds new sound of socialistic harmony society " wait for more than 30, in People's Daily, bright daily, Xinhua News Agency, begging is, the journal such as liberation army newspaper publishs an article more than 200 400 more than word. Calligraphy work is entered make up " almanac of a person of academic or artistic distinction of Chinese contemporary painting and calligraphy " wait for dictionary.

(the author is literary history of countrywide the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and study appoint vice director, executive chairman of seminar of Chinese policy science, culture committee chairman)

(responsibility edits Sun Haiyun)

(the article originates " China " magazine 2017 the 6th period)