1996, the United States Steve Lancibaige of university economics professor wrote Luoqiesite article of a column, put forward " the gender jumps over safety more more " . His means says: Those more careful, stick-in-the-mud should be indulged a bit, many bits of sexual behavior, have profit to whole society so, can drop AIDS spread speed.
He did a narration that compares figure: If have young and careful person calls Martin, fine jade in the colleague that follows him all the time flirt, taking the advantage of the opportunity that the office dines together, a go to bed after he dines together with plan fining jade. Unfortunate is, that day in the morning, martin saw a advocate are abstinency is the subway advertisement of goodness, martin is waited for with respect to the decision in the home, do not go following appointment fining jade. Result, as a result of Martin's break an appointment, fine jade was given to enchant by apolaustic maxwell, the result fined jade AIDS. As a result of Martin's desert in face of a battle, go up objectively bring about fine jade by mark Si Wei is procurable. If the horse on this world is fourth people indulge a little, the transmission speed of AIDS can be reduced possibly, this is equivalent to rinsing toward the infuse in a pond.
Haing Buddha university teachs silent of Ke Lei of Michael Er · to predict, if spouse of every individual character number is little the southron at 2.25 can be again many somes more additional sexual spouse, the AIDS of England spreads speed can be reduced significantly.
Lancibaige professes " the economist on armchair " , that is to say he nevers leave home, do logistic derivation only, set a target, go thinking way next, the result rolled out a few very callous idea. For instance he says: "Resemble Martin's careful in that way person, every time goes opposite sex of bar associate with is to be in the world to make contribution. Actually, it is to make contribution twice. " the first contribution is, the girl follows him such person go to bed is safer. "The 2nd contribution is more terrible, but more significant perhaps: If Martin goes taking a girl to come home after bar, and this girl had affected AIDS poison, after Martin is affected by her, can wait for in the home, won't continue to infect someone else, his death can take away virus together. " his girl appointment go to bed with a health, she won't affect AIDS poison; He follows a girl go to bed that has affected, be equal to him sacrifice, avoided her to transmit virus to someone else. Avoided her to transmit virus to someone else..
He continues derivation says: The society needs Martin people go out to seek sexual partner more, but the power that they lack such doing, because here puts in the asymmetry of an accrual and cost: Healthy groups small go although can achieve certain earnings,bar looks for the opposite sex (sexual pleasure) , but the bigger person that be benefited is to fine jade, the spouses that fine jade, and the spouse's spouse. Lancibaige puts forward, the society should be incentive Martin people indulge oneself, pay special allowance to them for instance. How Where is directional drive? Why does Dinghe maxwell have the horse to distinguish? Library card perhaps is. Maxwell people spare life is so rich, affirmation is not much time goes borrowing a book to look. But cannot decide Martin borrows a book to look already, go out to make contribution in the late evening again. Final measure is, such person meets Martin use safety is covered, the young associate that can cover to use safety people extend bonus.
Lancibaige's manner is: If you want to fight moxa, OK and incentive conservative youth is indulged a few, this is an efficient way. The problem is, this is equal to a these people to regard as tool, moreover, think the person that makes contribution also can flinch originally, others of for fear that suspects they are to win award. American standpatter returns criticism to say, lancibaige this thought experiment is very interesting, but insufficient gravity. "He thinks his solution can be reached double win, can fight already moxa, can people colourful encounter the biggest change, more sexes mean more pleasure, also be equal to everybody to obtain more happiness. But sex appeal suffers is the gender is satisfied not merely, one-night standing also can cause as much even more discomfort. One-night standing also can cause as much even more discomfort..
The economics principle that uncle case elaborates Dan Lande still has other more interesting application. He says, the asymmetry of accrual and cost created a lot of problems: On the pavilion of field, to watch the game better, audience people ground of strive to be the first stands higher, the result is everybody watchs not clear game, the accrual that everybody stands up is he looks so that see, cost is to hold off others; In a room, everybody is in harangue, taller than, him for fear that sound is flooded by others, everybody is dumb as a result voice came home, loudly accrual is he can hear, cost is everybody inaudible.
Lancibaige says, because we are complete hasten,this is benefit avoids the person that kill, pay close attention to his interest only and ignore the interest of other. There is a fundamental in economics: When when everybody the consequence of behavior is assumed by oneself, the result is best; When when everybody the consequence of behavior is assumed by other, the result often is the poorest. But classics regular meeting produces the case of accrual and cost asymmetry: Somebody throws banana skin in disorder on the road, because throw the consequence of banana skin to often be not assumed by themselves,be, throw banana skin with what be slipped by banana skin not be same individual normally. Be this kind of accrual (the advantage that conveniently throws rubbish) with cost (be slipped by banana skin) asymmetry builds didymous and whole society for, gains of this kind of job is less than cost, still total somebody so do.
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Another example is, AA is made when dining together, the amount of bit realer food often can be compared many what should nod. When because become you,a person has a meal, you won't nod to be worth 4 dollars to sell the chocolate of 10 dollars Mu Si however only to you, but if 10 people follow your split the cost, you can nod it, because you needed to buy you to think to be worth the thing of 4 dollars with 1 dollar only, but big guy collective however for this overpay 6 dollars.
Lancibaige's viewpoint is probably, traditional economics regards the person as economic person, the efficiency that the economy when thinking everybody cares his interest lives is highest. But the person is sociality animal, the behavior of a few people can cause damage of one caustic all, want to establish mechanism of rewards and punishment so, "Flyblown the freedom that the swimming-pool of own home is you, but if the sewage of your home spills over, arrived the word in everybody's common river should be compensated for; Contrary, if somebody helps everybody clear of one's own accord communal river, should reward him, otherwise, the person that pollutes communal river will be increasing, and the person of freewill and clean river will be less and less. And the person of freewill and clean river will be less and less..
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