African country must accept those to be able to improve grain crop and character and the technology that agriculture manufactures efficiency, ability lives from inside the warlike crop failure such as arid, war come down.
Without doubt, if not be the progress of molecular biology, with etc a few course lay the progress of half leaf in 20 centuries, african country will is faced with far more worse than today unfavorable situation. Because,be green revolution, the developing country can import cheaper food, cultivate more the seminal breed of high yield.
The technology that green revolution brings improved African agriculture greatly in a century in the past, but these technologies can't solve coming problem: The environment degrades, drought frequency hair, the destruction of these zoology brought about the fall of grain crop, meanwhile, population amount however year after year grows.
Accordingly, african country must face new biology technology tool with open state of mind, ability answers change, live come down. The technical appearance that brings with green revolution is compared, new biology technology raised grain crop and nutrient content further, make crop can resist natural disaster and biology calamity.
Current, only the country approved a few a few Africa to cultivate turn of gene crop cultivate. The restricted of biology security policy that is most Africa country so formerly is very strong, set camp to develop agricultural biology technology. This kind of circumstance must be changed.
Africa needs to turn gene crop
African farmer needs to turn above all gene fights bug cotton. Turn the controversy that gene fights bug cotton to won't cause food safety aspect, had mixed in south Africa Burkina Faso (note: Country of African northwest ministry, nigeria with on the west) begin to cultivate. Although turn,gene fights bug cotton itself to won't raise commissariat yield, but can increase a farmer however can control income, on the commissariat variety that makes them better in quality cash investment. South Africa and Egypt had begun to cultivate fight herbicide corn, more countries also should so do. Fight herbicide corn to be able to reduce weeding cost, this gets the farmer that lets Africa benefit greatly. The female of a lot of Africa gets a flower every year 2000 hours to weed for one hectare cropland, they can be to fight the person be benefited with herbicide the biggest corn.
Prospective technology innovates to still can bring more profit to African country. Cite a case, the Bill of Washington Xi Yatu and Mei Lin amount to · to build Ci foundation to aiding financially to breed fight drought to turn the research of gene crop.
African agriculture is modern, the life condition that improves African woman significantly. (picture: Blog.usaid.gov)
Africa needs to turn the black eye beans of gene. Black eye beans is a subspecies of cowpea. Fabaceous wild snout moth's larva is one of main pests of black eye beans, annual the loss that small-sized farmer suffers because of insect pest amounts to Africa 300 million dollar. These farmer have a kind of method to be able to cope with fabaceous wild snout moth's larva only, use costly pesticide namely. According to estimation, the farmer of Nigeria is as high as 500 million dollar every year in the expenditure on insecticide.
The loss that Africa gets still must be assumed finally by whole world, african mainland produces every year at present beans of 5.2 million tons of black eyes, take a whole world 70% of total of congener product export. The Ai Ha that is located in Nigeria Za Liya strides institute of science of agriculture of university of the name of a river in Shaanxi and Henan provinces of heart · shellfish to breeding a kind to turn newly gene crop, this kind of crop is turned into to come from the gene combatting insect of bacili of gemma of Su Yun gold, can use control crop insect pest.
Breed of crop of a few disease-resistant also can give other Africa bring very big gain. Banana is one of staple food of Uganda, a grown Ugandan eats the banana below every year, weight can achieve him himself 3 times of weight. But, the banana front of Uganda faces the menace of disease of wither of bacterial sex decline, caused pecuniary loss every year to exceed 500 million dollar. Disease of this kind of plant also affected the other country of area of African big lake. So far, can have not resisted the banana breed of disease of wither of bacterial sex decline, also do not have chemical method to be able to treat this to cultivate content disease. The scientist of Uganda is breeding a kind of new turning gene banana breed. They turn the gene in pimiento into banana in the center, help banana resists the pathogen of disease of wither of bacterial sex decline is yellow bacterium of single born of the same parents.
But, although the scientist of Uganda breeds this successfully really to plant,turn gene banana, the farmer of Uganda also is prohibited cultivating them. Only 29 countries can cultivate the whole world turn gene crop, among them only 3 countries are located in Africa. Nevertheless, seek profits according to be not the estimation that organizes technology of international agriculture biology to apply a service to organize, the circumstance will be changed somewhat in these a few years.
Kenya has passed law, allow an entrance to turn gene food, cultivate for approval turn gene crop opened a channel.
Kenya has passed law, allow an entrance to turn gene food, cultivate for approval turn gene crop opened a channel. (picture: Tony Karumba/AFP/Getty Images, via Kaleva.fi)
The choice turns gene, set out from practical angle
The effect that technology of biology of doubt of a lot of hostage should have between world agriculture, such criticism not without the truth. The agricultural practice of biology technology and other is same, be not do not have a risk absolutely. Turn the gene of gene crop transfers feral likeness to plant likely in the center, the pest also can arise be able to bear or endure fight a gender. Turn these weaknesses of gene crop must be treated by earnest ground, people also should undertake to the application of biology technology careful and evaluate continuously. But, want to solve these problems, abandoning science and technology is no good, ought to increase the strength that studies scientificly instead. The monitoring that to turning gene crop cultivates ought to be the one share that biology diversity protection and human health plan, is not to be aimed at technically turn the discrimination sex policy of gene crop itself.
In addition, turn the criticize person of gene technology thinks biology technology is insoluble all problems, so the mankind does not need biology technology. This kind of view is wrong. Turn the criticize person of gene technology often assumes, turn the unforeseen consequence that gene causes often is harmful, turn for example gene fights herbicide crop to may diffuse in the cropland near. But, we must with a view to is all opposite risk of the technology, include not to introduce the venture when this kind of technology. Just think, if do not have green revolution, african country will suffer what kind of loss. 2010, the European Union published about turning the report of gene: " 10 years the European Union aided financially in the past turn gene biology studies " . The content of this report comes from 130 research project, the research group that has more than 500 independence participated these research, the time span of research exceeds 25 years. The report points out:
Biology technology, turn especially gene biology technology, do not have a risk more than traditional plant cross technique.
The application of biology technology still generated the profit that a lot of expect are less than. Cite a case, cultivate turn gene crop reduced greenhouse gas to discharge -- cultivate turn the dosage of the insecticide after gene crop decreases, and manufacturing insecticide needs the sources of energy. Turn gene crop still makes the farmer need not be exposed for a long time in chemical insecticide and herbicide. In addition, farmland and weed can release carbon dioxide from inside soil, and cultivate turn gene crop reduced farmland and weeding frequency. According to estimation, 2009, the carbon dioxide in letting 17.6 billion kilogram should discharge air originally through the crop of biology technical reformation is secured in soil, was equivalent to reducing the discharge capacity of 7.8 million cars.
Pure raise commissariat yield and can't solve world commissariat problem, but repel blindly the technique that can raise commissariat yield is not sensible. International society ought to set out from practical angle, choose best technical option. And not should political assume leadership, will ponder over a problem by right of ideological likes and dislikes, otherwise, those people in be in predicament originally will face the risk of meal of be on short commons. The technology that food of any a kind of OK and contented whole world need should be placed to the desktop to discuss publicly, this incorporated agricultural biology technology among them.
