Concern of late autumn frame question of edible bacterium insect pest seek advice more, show via moving research and development on the spot, today autumn edible bacterium insect pest happens relatively serious, canopy of some stay of proceedings were become almost " bug canopy " , caused a large number of miscellaneous bacterium pollution and severe disease by insect pest, make farming of stay of proceedings disastrous, ask expert basis today survey result, to stay of proceedings farming the friend introduces to concern pest of Qiu Dong season " prevent " with " treat " , in order to reduce the loss of farming of stay of proceedings.
The sort of insect pest happening and differentiate
1, fly of stay of proceedings of midge of stay of proceedings kind: Autumn helps advance somebody's career to be used commonly ferment makings, if make the same score stay of proceedings, drumstick stay of proceedings and double Bao stay of proceedings to wait, the imago such as fly of fly of midge of bacterium of midge of bacterium of midge of midge of the midge of stay of proceedings with lesser bodily form, bacterium of eye of smooth stay of proceedings, dawdle eye bacterium, much dazzling, different eye, dung, flea, drosophila expects nearly lay eggs, imago reachs egg and can not produce a harm directly; It is when temperature when 30 ℃ of 16 ℃ ～ , about 4 days of or so egg brood namely melt into is larval, larva feeds hypha with taking or seed body makes a living, the harm makes an appointment with 7 days of ～ 18 days namely pupate, general aurelian period it is 2 days of ～ 8 days about, emergence is imago later, after imaginal ascend to heaven and become immortal that day or morrow can once more copulate, copulate can lay eggs that day, general midge of every stay of proceedings lays eggs 10 above, amount to 270 at most, bodily form of imago of midge of stay of proceedings is bigger, general breed body length can be in 3. 5 millimeter above, can exceed 6 millimeter most, larval body length is controlled in 5 millimeter commonly, can exceed 16 millimeter most. Fly of stay of proceedings kind bodily form slants small, its imago body length is in the largest flea fly only 1. 5 millimeter are controlled, larva is between 3 millimeter of 2 millimeter ～ , but drosophila imago and its larva body length can amount to 5 millimeter left and right sides, differ with midge of stay of proceedings very few.
The imago of afore-mentioned pests has phototaxis and hasten taste extremely (flavour of fragrance of stay of proceedings, makings fragrance, corrupt) quality, when canopy of stay of proceedings shuts smooth processing, produce probability inferior, bug mouth density drops greatly. Its larva initial stage all is inside surface layer makings activity, bite feed hypha, after giving stay of proceedings, can get to stipe base ministry, till pileus, the body that stay stay of proceedings " hollow " hind return again inside makings, continue to be endangered deep, until will base the mycelial inside makings is all nibble is clean.
2, mite kind: Mite kind bug source channel is more, or in sending those who be on horn of the edge inside canopy to seam, yi Kecun lives in crackle of the pillar aperture, Zhu Mu that wear lever, also can enter canopy of stay of proceedings through all sorts of tools, individual still can plant through bacterium (basically be 3 class are planted) transmission, anyhow, enter channel great. Mite kind basically feed hypha in order to bite to be main harm, but when bug mouth when density is bigger, can bite bud of to bite stay of proceedings and body of old ripe seed likewise. Main breed has mite worm powdery mite, cattail mite, spic mite. Mite bug is individual extremely tiny, but this pest has gregarious habit, form a pile to reach horn of edge of canopy of stay of proceedings, floor at makings watch into round activity, when bug mouth density is very big, makings watch shows white (Wu Bai is lubricious) or fleshy red is rufous even.
Speed of mite bug breed is splitting, condition of 30 ℃ temperature issues 20 ℃ ～ , the birth of the generation that finish needs the left and right sides 8 days, individual breed needs 3 days to be able to finish generation only. Because of breed different, partial mite bug also needs classics egg, young mite, if mite, wait for birth phase into mite, but the branch that some breed have egg, mite only, because their egg can be directly inside the mother's body,development is mite, break system next and go out. Should live the condition is unwell, or when asepsis, stay of proceedings can be fed, criterion but adsorptive at tool, human body even other bug kind on live body, borrow machine move to come appropriate place, continue to its live and breed expand.
3, springtail: Red-letter day of over summer fall produces this bug harm, condition of 15 ℃ above can survive, when air temperature amounts to 22 ℃ gradually hasten is active, breed subsequently expand, springtail is harm object with hypha body and seed body, and conceal is in bacterium plait and petty aperture, make product value sells at a discount to discard as useless even greatly. Springtail breed is more, common main and angular springtail, black actor springtail, black flat springtail. The life of springtail is very long, most breed can survive left and right sides of half an year, better achieves a year. The main body feature of springtail is bodily form tiny, be in about commonly 1. 5 millimeter are controlled, the biggest person also be under 5 millimeter. The damp environment inside canopy of stay of proceedings, dark light, rich mycelial reachs dawdle nutrition, the multiply that is springtail offerred first-rate condition haunt, accordingly, harm sex is bigger.
4, wireworm: Wireworm basically endangers edible bacterium mycelial, also have many variety, the hypha wireworm that basically has the injection that have an opening, small staff wireworm of the needle that do not have a mouth, former insert hypha body to absorb hypha juice juice with buccal shot, make hypha grows the atrophic death of suffocate suffocate, afterwards, generation " retreat bacterium " phenomenon; Latter churns quickly with its head hypha, make become extremely imperceptible hypha fragment, devour next or absorb, the result is to make hypha disappears likewise. Wireworm bodily form is tiny, control in 1 millimeter commonly, but its breed rate is very rapid, general in 20 ℃ ～ 30 ℃ condition falls, copulatory hind about 30 hours can lay eggs, a female bug can lay eggs a few, tall person can amount to 140; Egg development needs ten days only to imago, 25 ℃ above need the left and right sides 8 days only when the condition. Watch of eelworm pest body is smooth, environment of be soiled happy water or moisture are bigger live condition, be like when the activity posse water is in mobile, this is the important method that differentiates wireworm.
Autumn production still has other pest or puppy can form the harm of certain level, wait like Fu of snail, rat, mole cricket. Prevent bug kind harm, it is the positive attitude of pest of the prevention and cure in edible mushroom production, and the effect is admirable. Main measure has: Base phase of batch pile ferment: Above all, use insect-resistant the net will prevent bug kind close makings lays eggs, it is economy effective, method is simple go up beautiful measure, solved medicaments remain problem effectively again at the same time. Choose general vegetable what use on breeding is insect-resistant net can, although fly of tiny stay of proceedings also cannot be gotten into. Next, often spray medicaments of efficient, low incomplete avoids at makings watch drive bug kind, but use chroma should low, spray the quantity wants little, lest produce medical damage. Again, conditional when use clinker to help advance somebody's career as far as possible method, insect-resistant while hold concurrently again destroy miscellaneous bacterium, bacteria, with one action is much. Finally, in double Bao stay of proceedings, Ji Songrong stay of proceedings kind when helping advance somebody's career, promotion application ferments 2 times technology, be as high as the temperature of 60 ℃ above, last 2 days or so, will make bug kind live body includes egg, larva and imago to be exterminated entirely, although produce cost to have a bit,rise, but changed however kill insect already, kill again (curb) bacterium, and base makings become thoroughly decomposed a lot of effect such as peculiar smell of even, dispel, with one action of it may be said is much.
Sow the phase that send bacterium: Quite quantitative insect pest invades in this phase namely, make an appointment with 3 weeks of ～ continuously commonly the 5 weeks phase that send bacterium, the bacterium bag such as smooth stay of proceedings, drumstick stay of proceedings all is plunged into have small opening, can satisfy midge of stay of proceedings completely kind, mite kind the pass in and out of bug and basic unlimited. Above all, high density window screening (be like insect-resistant net) enclose window of door of the room that send bacterium and intake to wait, insist to shut smooth education, lest imaginal hasten light is entered. Next, often check indoor have deny imago, once discover, spray instantly chrysanthemum ester kind low density medicaments gives exterminate, although pure spray clear water, make midge of stay of proceedings kind drip is stained with on wing, imago can drop the ground can not fly once more, yi Ke is deadly. Finally, education room when surroundings is poorer, stand by rubbish, stable lavatory, dunghill to wait for example, except as far as possible give clear outside be on guard, indoor need to often spray helminthic content go up at space, wall, also be very strong be on guard measure. Give level of administration of stay of proceedings: The first, window of door of canopy of stay of proceedings and intake enclose high density window screening (insect-resistant net can) , prevent imago to enter. The 2nd, reduce the light inside canopy as far as possible. The 3rd, management insists to use well water or tap water with water, need not in channel, bay, pond " lentic " . The 4th, ground of imports and exports drops the lime area with 1 meter of 2 meters wide ～ , in case mite kind, pest and the puppy such as rat Fu are entered. Finally, in intermittence giving stay of proceedings, right amount spray chrysanthemum ester kind medicaments, cooperate employ formaldehyde, bleaching powder kind medicaments, have bug, bacterium to hold the double action that defend concurrently, but grow in seed body inside its, should ban with any medicaments, in case medical incomplete affects quality.
Endanger a symptom: The pest that happens on edible bacterium, early days sends bacterium phase to all feed hypha body in order to bite to make a living, later period gives phase of stay of proceedings to join seed system along with all the others " sweep the deck " , happen serious when, base makings surface by become yellow in vain, change brown, become black even, surface layer is in-house even and densely covered the pest is fecal, child till entity radical ministry is whole stipe is bitten to feed for fungous, there also is wormhole on pileus even. On the other hand, insect pest can cause the wreak havoc of certain disease or miscellaneous bacterium. Be like base mycelial of makings surface layer disappears, bug kind fecal spread all over. After causing decay, the miscellaneous bacterium such as mildew of such as wood, root mildew takes the chance and enter, produce unripe disease easily; Bug kind bite feed seed body to cause young stay of proceedings (bud of stay of proceedings) death, cankered, attract outside imago easily still to enter, a certain number of bacteria or fungus are contained on bug body, increasing a pest (bug mouth) density while, took many bacteria again, produce to the edible bacterium that has been damaged originally " one disaster after another " .
Exterminate the method of the pest: Discover insect pest in time and adopt measure to give exterminate, answer to choose medicaments breed strictly, note medical incomplete problem already, prevent to produce medicine to kill again. When minimum of insect pest density is being sent first, use efficient the chrysanthemum ester of low incomplete kind medicaments, empty medium or sparge of makings watch to earth up can give exterminate.
When medium happening, will the part lays eggs within makings, but seed body one-time daylighting, reach springtail to midge of stay of proceedings kind use 800 times DDV to be applied to gush of layer of makings watch, to earth up, and laminating 3 hours of ～ 5 hours; To mite kind insect pest can spray 1000 times kill mite kind medicaments, if sweep the mite spy, alcohol that kill mite to wait, also count a hour via laminating; Use to eelworm 0. Solution of 5 ％ formaldehyde gives heavy in season, also need laminating 2 hours ～ 4 hours.
When makings watch occurrence brown splash piece, stipe has appearance of bug eat by moth when, already belonged to spend again happen. Right now, larva is more inside makings, spray medicaments disables commonly, can use phosphor to melt aluminium " kill " measure gives one-time exterminate entirely. The method is: seed body all daylighting, when bacterium wall helps advance somebody's career, use model film covers bacterium wall, both sides interval places a phosphor 1 meter to melt aluminium, fast model film all around the squeezing ramming that use land, make an appointment with 8 hours of ～ 10 hours can. Bacterium farmland helps advance somebody's career of means kill insect, referenced afore-mentioned. Note a point: The operation wants fast; Laminating wants squeezing ramming; When removing film, answer to open door of canopy of stay of proceedings, window and intake first. Lift model film next, after waiting for 1 hour of ～ 2 hours, moved model film again outside canopy, phosphor the flotsam that melt aluminium is collected carefully piece, give bury processing greatly, cannot abandon in disorder.
