On October 17, 1949, the 15th corps liberates the fourth field army the 3rd day after Guangzhou, mao Zedong calls Lin Biao namely: "... make 15 corps easily island of Hainan of attack and seize, destroy a remnants of the enemy, calm down complete another name for Guangdong Province. Calm down complete another name for Guangdong Province..
At that time, from the Kuomintang that Guangdong be defeated comes down army incomplete ministry already escaped to Hainan island, on along with island original force, add up to 10 more than person, via new reorganize, rely on more than 40 more than on the island 50 naval ships, plane, in Xue Yue of commander in chief of Kuomintang Hainan defense (word uncle hill) below direct, comprise sky of so-called sea land stereo defense system -- " Bai Ling line of defence " , the purpose prevents people liberation army to cross the sea to land. Right now, the fourth field army is fighting in Guangxi churchyard.
At the beginning of December, as the primary end of Guangxi battle, all around the front committee begins proceed to assault the preparation of Hainan island works. In view of all around place of the 15th corps belongs to the 48th army still be south another name for Jiangxi Province, the 44th army even garrison Guangzhou and bandit of incomplete of province of clean up Guangdong, have 43 only army can use at Hainan island to fight. Then, lin Biao is cabled visitting revive Mao Zedong, plan to add a group of dozenth corps the 40th army join Hainan island campaign. Decide at the same time, send Li Zunpeng 43 army with Han Xianchu 40 army together, and attach cannon arms the 28th group, ack-ack arms posse and engineer, add up to 100 thousand more than person, comprise " the corps that cross the sea " , by the substation austral China of the Communist Party of China (clerical Xie Jianying) unified leader, by Deng Hua of commander of the 15th army, politics appoint the first pair of Lai Chuanzhu, commander holds Hong Xuezhi of chief of staff concurrently to organize direct, "Adopt small unit to be crossed secretly " method, cross the sea to fight.
On December 16, after the incoming telegram of the liberates complete Guangxi report of a success that Mao Zedong sees all around is sent and Lin Biao, at Fu Linbiao of 18 days of report: Agree with all around deploy, emphasize at the same time: "Cross the sea to fight, complete with the past my army is all the experience that fight is not identical, must note tidewater and wind direction namely, must center can locomotive at least one army (449 people) total minitary force, carry grain of 3 days of above, at enemy before land, build firm beachhead, immediately is singlehanded attack into, and do not rely on backing. " remind all around and the corps that cross the sea, "The whole experience that Xiang Su makes rich investigation crosses the sea to fight " , the attention studies 3 wild the lesson that 10 corps golden gate suffers a defeat, lest weigh the track of an overturned cart of skip golden gate.
After the cable that gets Mao Zedong, lin Biao this day calls Deng Hua, Lai Chuanzhu, Hong Xuezhi to wait, make known to lower levels " preparation takes the advantage of cliff of attack and seize of north wind season fining jade " provision makes.
After getting the job that gets island of Hainan of preparative attack and seize, deng Hua, Lai Chuanzhu, Hong Xuezhi passes careful consideration, will call all around and Mao Zedong on December 27. Cable points out: "Carry army military strength is landed is huge constituent job, need quite long time to have investigation and study, prepare goods and materials, collect a ship, undertake maneuver is waited a moment. With season talking, before old past years the movement is advantageous; In order to prepare working talking, fear time having not enough time. " express at the same time, will use up everything hard to strive for in old past years (on Feburary 17, 1950) before movement, hope " send an air force to cooperate directly " .
On December 31, mao Zedong calls Lin Biao in headquarters of Si Dalin villa: Deng, go back on one's word, big 27 days of report already all, agree " in Hainan of the attack and seize before old past years " . Indicate at the same time: "Deng, , Hong Yingsu arrives front of Lei Zhou peninsula, direct everything to intend the work personally, and do not hope air force is helped. And do not hope air force is helped..
However, because preparative time is pressing and cannot count on air force to assist, the arms that cross the sea lands preparative work roundly to encounter very great difficulty. After getting Mao Zedong cable, hong Xuezhi comes to Wuhan from Guangzhou on a special trip, cross the preparative case that the sea lands to report of all around leading cadre face to face.
Hong Xuezhi says without preamble: "We cross the sea before original plan Spring Festival, look right now difficult underestimate. Hainan island has ten enemy, chairman directive crosses the past army, by every boat 30 person calculates, need many 1000 boat. We do 449 only now, far insufficient, because this request is deferred,cross sea time. Because this request is deferred,cross sea time..
Lin Biao is pursy brows: "We have wooden sailing boat only, must rely on winter north wind to become motive force. The wind direction after the Spring Festival transforms, the conference that cross the sea is more difficult.
"Deng Hua and Comrade Lai Chuanzhu send me to come, it is clear to want to explain these difficulties explain these difficulties face to face to the leading cadre namely. " Hong Xuezhi says, "We plan to make machine of mount of major wood caique motive force, cross the sea with motor sailboat, can not suffer weather effect so. Can not suffer weather effect so..
"This is tweak, deal with at this point! " Lin Biao indicates approval.
Hong Xuezhi laughs: "This Xiang Lin always wants money to come me, change one's costume or dress the machine needs a good deal of funds, corps and Hua Na substation are not solved. Corps and Hua Na substation are not solved..
Heard this word, lin Biao face about saw a station be in aside Deng Zi extensive. Deng Zi extensive can find no way out, say: "We also do not have money. New liberated area 1000 sore 100 aperture, need cash filling deficit everywhere. Need cash filling deficit everywhere..
"Such, you go to Beijing be being reported to the the Central Military Commission directly. " Lin Biao says to Hong Xuezhi, "It is the specification defers the consideration that crosses the sea, 2 it is to ask central help to solve funds. 2 it is to ask central help to solve funds..
Hong Xuezhi comes to Beijing.
Commander-in-chief of bright red heart and acting chief of the general staff of Nie Rong Zhen listen after Hong Xuezhi's report, give Mao Zedong case report instantly.
On January 10, 1950, mao Zedong gives from Moscow in the center of with all around wire back: "Since prepare the job to have not enough time before New Year in the old Chinese calendar, not loath, make please Deng, , big do not rely on north wind, and support changes his costume or dress this direction goes to the boat of the machine preparation, by Hua Na substation and Guangdong military region are used energetically at the device inside a few months the machine of boat of hundreds of seas (this matter is likely, enquire Hua Na substation is cabled please) , strive for Yu Chunxia Hainan island problem is solved inside two season. Strive for Yu Chunxia Hainan island problem is solved inside two season..
Look in Mao Zedong, want to gain the victory of Hainan island battle, want to draw the lesson of the battle of golden gate not only, also want to see the advantage of Hainan of attack and seize, to make army establishs confidence, text continues to point out: "The place with Hainan island and different Jinmen Islands, be Bai Ju having Feng cooperate, 2 it is enemy fighting capacity poorer. Want to be able to carry 20 thousand people are landed only, again army class directs orgnaization be accompanying to land, can build footing, enter in order to wait for the add of succeed army. " at the same time the directive crosses sea corps " build direct broadcasting station to contact with Feng Baiju " , make Feng Baiju suffers Deng, , big direct...
"Take the lead plays south, after countrywide victory is pressed blast, be a life! Be a life!!
"Escape from death, can want revolution this time to arrive (the sea) bottom! Can want revolution this time to arrive (the sea) bottom!!
Difficulty of emancipatory Hainan island is heavy. I cross sea armed forces to be faced with boat to cross a distance not only far, the difficulty with rapid flow, and land a dot to all be besides range of my army artillery, we cannot have fire cover to crossing sea armed forces; And Kuomintang army the warship can sail to midstream, to me the army that cross the sea carries out bomb intercept. In the meantime, the Kuomintang on the island army 40 fight more than times plane, can assist the Kuomintang that defends an island directly from inside sky at any time army. And my air unit just is established before long, short-term inside throw actual combat hard, because this all around crosses sea corps to must be in,do not have the circumstance with covering air force completely to fall, it is the tool that cross the sea with wooden caique, with army alone to empty three armed services of enemy land sea stereo defence launchs attack.
Below this kind of very difficult condition, all around leading cadre and headquarters of the corps that cross the sea implement Mao Zedong's directive actively, try every means, each preparation that undertakes crossing the sea disembarkation seriously works...
Above all, in decided after be the main tool that cross the sea with motor sailboat, lin Biao sends Chen Yi of minister of all around logistics to carry next Guangzhou austral a huge sum of money namely, collect a ship, buy a machine. But the mad plunder before because suffer Kuomintang to retreat crouch Taiwan,Guangdong is taken at that time, a few bigger, machine that can use already by loot one sky. Then, chen Yi decides to go to Hong Kong, Macao, a few human relations in society are used over, buy a few landing craft jointly with concerned branch. However, chen Yi's track is discovered very quickly by Kuomintang spy, they jointly with harbor flower authorities and American information office, control area of HongKong and Macow to may have the firm of machine or ship jointly, make Chen Yi cannot buy place to need goods and materials, finally only a few more redemptive compass needle, prevent seasick medicine and buoy to wait.
Meanwhile, I cross sea corps to sent a person to collect more than 100 old machine however, send past Huang Bu dockyard, change his costume or dress in order to have motor sailboat. But these machines that collect, because of,not be too ageing cannot be used, because of,be horsepower too zonule does not use a boat. Expended a tremedous effort, changed his costume or dress at long last a few motor sailboat. And these, fight to crossing the sea to land for far insufficient.
The task that goods and materials prepares is admittedly formidable, the task that the thought prepares is not easy also. The idea that having development especially arouses and the circumstance of political education falls, training activity already began, in army of as a result for a time puzzleheaded. Kill all the way from northeast come " northeast tiger " , most person had not seen the sea, most of their onshore sweep anything away therein the country never dreads, but the sea that faces billowy, there is some of lose one's temper however in the heart.
Solve thought problem, besides undertaking necessary politics is taught, the most efficient way lets soldiers understand the sea, familiar sea namely, make they arrive by scared sea have deep love for the sea, hug sea, establish dare play the hope that surely win!
Then, the maritime big training with an unprecedented scale, companion arouses as comprehensive idea began.
Two jobs that produce in training activity, produced crucial effect to gaining the victory of Hainan island battle:
The first: Be in in nocturnal practice, 43 army some 8 soldiers to set sail, with experience of warship of a Kuomintang. In assistant platoon leader direct of rash Hunan cloud falls, soldiers are brave and quick-witted, ad cool-headed accept a challenge, the firepower blind angle of the enemy war ship when using close quarters and my army " the boat is small good turn around " advantage, with grenade and mechanism artillery piece, beat back enemy war ship, created " wooden vessel defeats a warship " miracle!
Another: In January the last ten-day of a month, 40 army some officers and soldiers intercepted and capture a suspicious-looking fisher, claim from the boat mercantile man goes up personally ferret a revolving pistol. Via cross-questioning, "Businessman " show the capacity eventually, so he is Fu Zhenzhong of chief of staff of column of cliff fining jade, it is the delegate that gets column commander Feng Baiju, overshoot the sea and brunt army get in touch secretly come.
A thing pole enhanced soldiers to cross the sea to land the confidence of get victory with wooden vessel greatly; After that a thing makes Deng Hua realise: Since Fu Zhenzhong can overshoot secretly,come, we are sure also method crosses the past secretly. This falls in the situation that buys large quantities of powerboat all up, to crossing the crossing with sea arms round new establishment the sea fights guiding principle, produced important enlightenment.
On Feburary 1, 1950, xie Jianying and Deng Hua are chaired hold Guangzhou to fight the conference. The information that the conference provides according to Fu Zhenzhong and army prepare a case currently, research makes the feasible plan that crosses the sea to land.
The Xie Jianying that attends the meeting, Deng Hua, Lai Chuanzhu, Hong Xuezhi, Xiao Xiangrong, Han Xianchu, Li Zunpeng, piece Chi Ming, Fu Zhenzhong, the course studies a few days repeatedly continuously, decided fight newly guiding principle, namely: Still be the main tool that cross the sea with wooden caique with what imagine before, in assist without air force, below assorted case, adopt " cross actively secretly, group by group small cross with ascend land facies to be united in wedlock finally " method, with one action liberates Hainan island. In the meantime, draft with 43 army prepare a round go ahead of the rest to overshoot secretly the sea, 40 army if plan there's still time,also cross secretly with a round look for an opportunity.
On Feburary 9, deng Hua, Lai Chuanzhu will new fight plan, cable all around and Mao Zedong.
After the Mao Zedong that visits in Russia sees the incoming message of Deng Hua and Lin Biao, very glad, visit to be accompanying revive Shi Zhe says: "All around found the way that settles Hainan island, do not want air force to attend a war, they prepare to cross the sea group by group with wooden caique. They prepare to cross the sea group by group with wooden caique..
12 days, mao Zedong calls Lin Biao and turn Deng Hua: "Agree 43 army with round go ahead of the rest crosses the sea, other unit crosses the sea group by group in succession. If this kind of method is effective, namely in advance liberates the likelihood Hainan island. Namely in advance liberates the likelihood Hainan island..
Through nervous preparation, to the end of March, I cross sea corps to collect a ship more than 2600, boatman １ . 40 thousand more than person, arouse 970 thousand person of laborer, prepare food 37.5 million jins, raise the wind 1 million silver dollar, arouse oxcart 4. More than 50 thousand, carry for army, laid in large quantities of enough food and weapon ammo. In the meantime, they continue to dismantle the engine of the lorry that capture goes to, equipment arrives on wooden vessel, transform " earthy fleet " , as " command ship " , " communication naval vessel " and " frigate " , the victory that is Hainan island battle laid solid corporeal foundation.
Cross secretly for the first time, my army easy to do breakthrough
Enemy land sea is empty " Trinitarian " " Bai Ling line of defence " .
3 wooden vessel defeated 3 warships
Agree in what ask for Delinbiao and Mao Zedong hind, through the nervous preparation of a month, "Cross actively secretly, group by group small cross with ascend land facies to be united in wedlock finally " fight guiding principle begins to enter executive phase.
Right now, as a result of the Xue Yue on the island army is intensifying " encircle and suppress " column of my cliff fining jade, feng Baiju ever asked to send army to be crossed secretly for many times assist. To strengthen me the internal stress of Hainan island is measured, smash of the enemy " encircle and suppress " conspiratorial, prepare to be landed in a large-scale at the same time, crepuscular on March 5, 1950 time, as order of Deng Hua, I 40 army one by one 352 groups strengthen 8 division 800 Trojan of battalion attack continuously Hainan island.
On March 6 afternoon when １ 30 minutes, strengthen battalion to ascend the island austral Shanghai, fall to be held out to hill of the five fingers in the reinforce of column of cliff fining jade subsequently!
On March 10 afternoon, the 43rd army just a little 383 groups strengthen 8 division battalion, in all 1070 person, wait eventually will look forward to long already northeaster. Ascend the island austral Shanghai at 12 days of early morning, ibid comes the independence of column of cliff fining jade of reinforce is round join forces.
First two strengthen battalion cross a success secretly, strengthened an island to go up our force, land finally for brunt army accumulated experience, created a condition. To be understood further " Bai Ling line of defence " false or true, prepare to cross the sea to land in a large-scale, the decision such as Deng Hua has fight one's way across a river.
On March 26 towards evening, channel of city fining jade again the northeaster with driving sweep, make fall, already of ready-made 40 army a 2991 person that strengthens a group, cent multiplies 72 wood caique and 9 motor sailboat, lead to fall in Liu Zhenhua of head of division politics department, cross since part of building of lamp of thunder city peninsula, brave the wind and waves, the other shore of lay a course.
On March 31 22 when 30 minutes, by 43 army 7 division strengthen just a little round in all 3733 person, cent takes 88 wood sailing boat, with left, medium, right 3 column, lead to fall in what division commander Wang Dong protects, sail to channel the other shore. After the ship crosses central line of channel of city fining jade, with enemy one patrols naval vessel and two gunboat experience. Continue to sail for covering brunt army, the gunfire that 3 my little wooden vessel are risking enemy war ship forces bravely go up, in be apart from enemy war ship the 200 ability when rice firings simultaneously. Bazooka hits the target again and again with six artillery piece target, emmagee, machine gun is hit so that blaze of enemy war ship splatters, also tossed even grenade finally. That large ship sees situation is bad pulling smother to run away, two gunboat also turn around hastily far escape. My army created the world on navy history " defeat a warship with wooden vessel " miracle!
Afterwar, hear when the senior officer of the army that cross the sea such as Deng Hua " 3 wooden vessel defeat 3 warships " after the message, plaint unceasingly, reported to all around and Mao Zedong their achievement.
After Mao Zedong reads, make instructions:
This is people naval first gallant military successes, should grant to learn and be praised!
Right now, the minitary force that my army enters the island austral Shanghai is close already a division, add column of cliff fining jade, the force that reinforce lands already was strengthened greatly. In the meantime, the disembarkation of army of army main force intends the work basic also be all set, and already crossed secretly from a few it is certain to was obtained in army cross the sea to fight experience. Additional, grain Rain around still has slant north wind but endowment use, the condition that because this is large-scale,crosses the sea to land has been had. At this moment, I cross the Wei sea mood of sea corps soldier, also already as training activity begin clear off. Right now, soldiers seek battle mood is rising, combative, fight at crossing the sea at a dash aptly, liberate Hainan island thoroughly.
Before this, "Tornado general " the person such as Han Xianchu ever happened with Deng Hua intense " conflict " , look in Han Xianchu, Li Zunpeng, at present the enemy on the island has stopped " clean up " column of cliff fining jade, begin to strengthen seaside place troops on garrison duty mainly, the enemy had a lesson a few times, make my army impossibly miniature cross a success secretly easily again later. Han Xianchu says, the ship that we cross the past secretly now goes many times little, if continue such " buy oil stage by stage " , can make because the ship is insufficient,be landed of brunt army finally and form heavy fist hard.
Through a few days of serious considerations, headquarters of the corps that cross the sea on April 10 resolved, affirmatory on April 16 19 when sailing, in a large-scale island of Hainan of take by storm. This one date, it is the course checks for many times weather data, visit coastal fisherman, via what decide after investigation and study repeatedly.
On April 16 18 when 30 minutes, as " sailing " make fall, I east, cent of two wires unit takes 100 thousand ferry boat on the west downwind and below, point to Hainan island continuously.
This fight one's way across a river divides an echelon formation. The first echelon formation in all 2. 50 thousand person, by Han Xianchu rate army is directed 40 army brunt and 43 army a go ahead of the rest crosses the sea; The 2nd echelon formation makes an appointment with 20 thousand person, by Deng Hua Lvbing round headquarters is followed 43 army after brunt afterwards.
On April 17 6 when, through all night hassle, the first echelon formation that Han Xianchu leads ascends the island austral Shanghai entirely book a sector of an area, take by storm is successful!
18 days of before dawn, 40 army brunt is close 20 thousand person, in Han Xianchu lead to fall eastwards disease is entered. Morrow, annihilate of area of mesa is in the beauty enemy １ is round, occupational add. Then, continue Xiang Cheng is stridden, big talk direction is ongoing.
Before long, the 2nd echelon formation also lands a success, be in with supply unit assemble hind, frustrated continuously of the enemy counterattack for many times, raid Zhan Fushan.
So far, each point with Hainan island coastal northwest is full already by me army control, "Uncle hill line of defence " not answer exist.
23 days, the 40th army one by one 8 division take the lead in liberating big talk city. On May 1, hainan island on the west 8 harbor of the bank (today eastern city) be captured by me. So far, hainan whole area is obtained liberate!
