All previous classics 12 years, early or late 12 people land a moon -- the United States " Apollo

Go up century 50~60 time, beautiful Su Zheng bully. Bilateral besides the domain waits in military affairs, economy everywhere outside conflicting, to space exploration, also be try to overtake each other in friendly emulation.

Beautiful Su Zheng bully

Beginning phase, the space exploration of Russia precedes a little at the United States:

On October 4, 1957, russia launchs satellite of the first world;

On April 2, 1961, the Jiajialin of Russia becomes the first astronaut that enters outer space. This one feat stimulated the United States greatly, also deepened the fear with backward to space race American.

Jiajialin---" times " magazine cover

Before enormous pressure, on May 25, 1961, just enter advocate the White House Kennedy of a year announces to the whole world grandiose United States carries plan of person visit month---Apollo project.

Before serving a moon formally the person, american government was to begin 4 paces to assist a plan first:

1. launchs 9 to 1965 from 1961 " prowler " moon orbit implement, of future of understanding of in order to " Apollo " the possibility that airship lands in lunar face.

Prowler 6 detector

2. launched 10 to 1966 1965 " Gemini " airship, training of the activity outside undertaking biology medicine research and airship motor-driven flight, butt joint and cabin.

3. launchs 5 to 1968 from 1966 " exploration person " the moon lands implement, the reason that understands moon soil changes character.

4. launched 3 to 1967 1966 " moon orbit is annular implement " , land to 40 many preelection the place has detailed observation, single out 10 to ascend a little bit month thereby.

As the preparative work be in order of early days, american government begins to carry out Apollo formally to enter the space from 1967 plan.

But very unfortunate, unsuccessful: On January 27, 1967, apollo is in 1 number in ground daily inspection, apollo a command module, produce conflagration suddenly, 3 astronaut (dictate · conceives Edward of long Weijier Gelisen, advanced driver to reach a driver especially collect Jay Chafei) die unfortunately.

Apollo 1

Suffer a defeat this let bureau of American country aerospace (NASA) new platoon checks relevant equipment, began Apollo in succession subsequently 4, 5 date, 6 unmanned tests blast off (Apollo was not defined in formal plan 2 mix 3) .

On October 11, 1968, the United States launchs Apollo 7, the first time in beginning Apollo to plan holds person flight, 3 astronaut circled the earth to fly 163 rounds, whole mission time amounts to 11 days, surround earthly orbit. This second task is Saturn 1B date of carrier rocket carry a person to blast off first, the first time that also is the United States mission of 3 people space.

Apollo 7 astronaut

On December 21, 1968, apollo blasts off 8 numbers, implementation of human first time spans from earthly orbit moon orbit. This also is human history go up up to now the rocket with the largest volume---Saturn carries a person 5 numbers to blast off first.

On March 3, 1969, apollo blasts off 9 numbers, carried a lunar module for the first time.

On May 18, 1969, apollo blasts off 10 numbers, this the lunar module in flight test leaves moon face to there are 15.6 kilometres only recently, be close to Yu Dengyue indefinitely.

On July 16, 1969, the memorable time on history of human visit month---American Apollo blasts off 11 numbers enter the space, the first time on human history carries a person to enter lunar job. Blast off this, the whole world watched direct seeding number to reach 600 million people.

The astronaut that executes this mission grows · of Er of Michael of driver of Armstrong, command module for the instruction respectively Kelinsi and lunar module driver cling to Ci Aoerdelin.

Zun Qi: Armstrong, Collins, Aoerdelin

On July 20, 1969, the lunar module departs from inside command module, collins drives alone command module continues to bypass month of flight, right now he can pray only it is normal that the lunar module moves, otherwise can he one person returns the earth.

Subsequently Armstrong and Aoerdelin and lunar module descend together moon.

On July 21, 1969 2:56 (UTC) , the lunar module descends moon 6 half hour hind, armstrong is helping a flight of stairs of the lunar module up to set foot on a moon, say: "This is the one half step of my individual, but the one stride that is complete mankind however (That's One Small Step For A Man, one Giant Leap For Mankind. ) . ) ..

Aoerdelin also sets foot on a moon before long, two people express an activity in the month two half hours, use drill obtain lunar core sample, film a few photographs, collected sample of rock of a few months of watches.

The Aoerdelin that Armstrong films on the moon photograph

Apollo 11, the activity entering a month on epoch-making meaning, human first time set foot on other universe celestial or heavenly body.

Subsequently, the United States launched Apollo in succession airship of month of visit of 12 ~17 date, as a result of the service except Apollo cabin explosion is forced 13 to cancel to scale month of plan outside, the others all realizes a success 5 times to enter a month.

12 ~17 date ascends Apollo month of plan

Add Apollo 11, accumulative total has a success 6 times to enter a month, early or late astronaut of 12 United States ascends a moon.

Apollo scales month of plan

Arrive from 1961 1972, all previous plans to delimit via Apollo of 12 years on full stop, american government invested 25.5 billion dollar early or late, occupy about in those days 0.57% of American GDP, occupy about in those days 20% what American all science and technology considers to develop funds.

In project peak period, join this project have many 200 20 thousand enterprises, university and orgnaization of 80 many scientific research, total number exceeds 300 thousand person.

3 big science plan 20 centuries

Of Apollo plan and research nuke " Manhadu plans " , study gene " human gene group plans " call 20 centuries 3 big scientific plans.