Recently, always be considered as abasement treaty " the alliance of Chan deep " be broken up to conclude the case it seems that. A lot of netizens think, "The alliance of Chan deep " maintained Song Liao the peace of nearly hundred years, this makes bilateral the army and the people shed a lot of blood less not only, and managing also a large number of wealth of society. Although Song Chao wants to distant state offer year old money, but amount is not much however. Carry the trade of each other city of two countries, song Chao still can earn a bit more even. From this somebody concludes, "The alliance of Chan deep " not be discreditable, it is an equal treaty at least, even Song Chao is being returned actually it is cheap to was occupied! However, is the fact really such?
Above all, what we should notice is, alleged " discreditable " , it is reaction of a kind of psychology. Should talk " the alliance of Chan deep " discreditable, must from at that time Song Ren comes to the psychological manner of this agreement proceed with. Later generations from " the alliance of Chan deep " gain and loss will judge disgrace, it is to have violate mix objectively just. So at that time in eye of person of the Song Dynasty, "The alliance of Chan deep " whether be an abasement agreement! The answer is affirmative.
One: A treaty signed under coercion, the shame of age
The Christian era 1004, distant army in a large-scale invade, cavalry Bing Feng points to the Chan state city of Yellow River edge continuously, be apart from the Yao that capital Tokyo veries close nevertheless. Nebula approachs a city city desire break, roaring and the distant that come army the emperor of peace and tranquility Song Zhen an administrative unit in Xizang was psyched out. And his official in feudal times people? Natural may as well does not go which. Hold office at court is discussed in, they suggest Song Zhen an administrative unit in Xizang runs away even Chengdu or Jin Ling, lest by distant army capture arrives. However, bandit of prime minister in feudal China rejects the plan of this kind of a conquered nation stoutly definitely, he advocates drive of Song Zhen an administrative unit in Xizang is driven ask for in person, personally city of Chan of assume personal command, with distant person do or die.
Insist to fall all the time in what bandit allows, song Zhen an administrative unit in Xizang is led gingerlily army reached Chan state city. The emperor arrives, the morale of army of the Song Dynasty that defends a city is big brace up, frustrated not only distant country the aggression of cavalry, use bed crossbow fortunately one arrow is shot killed distant army commanding general. Monarch of two countries of distant of the Song Dynasty thinks this battle is to hit no less than going to, decide make peace then.
Historic " the alliance of Chan deep " signed below this kind of circumstance. From the point of content, the content cent of covenant is the following: One of, song Liao stops battle, two countries knot is brotherly country, the Song Dynasty is elder brother, distant is younger brother; Secondly, song Liao is a bound with white channel river; Thirdly, song Chao carries silver every year to distant country one hundred thousand and two, thin silk 200 thousand, it is to think year old of money; Its 4, both sides opens discuss field in border land, begin trade of each other city.
At the beginning, official of gentleman of face of the Song Dynasty is very satisfactory to this agreement. Both sides of distant of the Song Dynasty achieved long-unseen peace, although 16 cities do not have Yan Yun recover, but fortunately oneself main territory under one's control does not have what loss, do not have cede territory at least. Although, song Chao should give year old of money to distant country, but the amount is not so much, compare at as astronomical the war expenses like, the flower nods year old of money to buy peace to appear very be to one's profit. More it is what is more,the rather that in commerce of distant of the Song Dynasty, the Song Chao that economy developeds is in position of favorable balance of trade, these " penny " can earn finally come back.
However the day of congratulate each other of Chao Junchen of the Song Dynasty did not last how long, after experiencing brief excitement, be immersed in deep discreditable sense instantly in. If Wang Qin ever was aimed at the alliance Xiang Songzhen of Chan deep Zong Jinyan: "A treaty signed under coercion, " age " of shame. Of deep of arrogate to oneself lift, it is a treaty signed under coercion also. With 10 thousand those who multiply is expensive and for a treaty signed under coercion, of its He Chiru " . In year period, xiaoguo is forced to sign a treaty signed under coercion is extremely deep disgrace. Multiply to having 10 thousand honour for monarch of face of the Song Dynasty, be forced to sign the disgrace with more extremely big a treaty signed under coercion.
True Zong Ting of the Song Dynasty hears this talk, silent is not had right, he muttered to oneself a little while to if,ask Wang Qin: "So how ability catharsis Where is such disgrace? " if Wang Qin replies: "Seal buddhist Mount Taishan only, can press down take the whole word, ostentatious foreign country " . Incompetent true Zong Jing is deep think like that. Subsequently, if admire of king of in collusion with of Song Zhen an administrative unit in Xizang waits for a person, made " a book from heaven arrives " farce.
Can see from this, in light of the mentation of the square party of alliance the Song Dynasty from Chan deep, this covenant is extremely deep disgrace undoubtedly. For catharsis disgrace, official of gentleman of Song Zhen an administrative unit in Xizang nots hesitate drop frame work, outfit god plays dirty trick, seal buddhist everywhere, state oneself lineal sex, with period the disgrace that reduces oneself. However these are mental victory ways nevertheless, song Ren to " the alliance of Chan deep " discreditable feeling, what last to Song Chao all the time is ruined.
2: Song Liao " equal " shame
It is in the alliance of Chan deep, among them the mainest provision is not to pay year old of money, however the alliance that both sides of distant of the Song Dynasty orders next brother. At first sight comes, the Song Dynasty is elder brother, distant is younger brother, song Chao took petty gain it seems that. But go up from essence in light of, song Chao admitted distant country and his quits position actually. This is traditional to holding to China " Hua Yi is watched " for Dr Song Chaoshi, it is extremely big disgrace undoubtedly.
In the viewpoint of traditional Chinese, the political power that is located in Central Plains is an ancient name for China undoubtedly, and to it consistent minority political power is exterminate surname undoubtedly. An ancient name for China with prosperous culture, natural those who have pair of exterminate surname is regnant the authority with Jiaohua. Will look from the relation, nature of an ancient name for China is gentleman, nature of minority political power is me, minority must subject perhaps submit oneself to the rule of at Central Plains political power.
In Chinese generation early days, chinese the alliance that ever also ordered next brother with Hun, alleged " south have big fellow, north has strong moustache " . To this condition, han Daishi's person with bitter hatred, deep think shame. Gu Yi thinks Chinese concern with the reciprocity of Hun, be " head sufficient hang by the feet " condition. As " sufficient " Hun, be on actually as " head " over Chinese face, it is very abnormal condition.
After the alliance of Chan deep, both sides of distant of the Song Dynasty appeared again " head sufficient hang by the feet " condition, two countries weighs the Northern and Southern Dynasties in the each other in credential. For Dr Song Chaoshi that to scrupulouslying abide by a tradition Hua Yi watchs, this is extremely big disgrace undoubtedly. Going up somehow because of Song Chao, was to abandon " Xia Guiyi cheap " viewpoint, abandoning his is the traditional idea of exclusive and lineal political power. To this, officials of a lot of government of the Song Dynasty complaint bellyful, for example straight Ceng Shangyan of history house king: "Surname smooths outside age, the rank of nobility does not pass child, today from its dynasty title, sufficient, why to use semmetry two face? Why to use semmetry two face??
To Song Liao " brotherly country " relation, song Ren also was full of discreditable feeling. Be opposite like Wang Anshi place of divine an administrative unit in Xizang says: "Destiny Majesty is democracy of god of the four seas, should make 4 exterminate namely appraise. Call Qidan mother the wife of grandfather's younger brother therefore today, call Qidan uncle. More year old silks with tens of 10 thousand money, the place shame that this is me " . Should call distant country mother of an emperor to Song Huang for the wife of grandfather's younger brother this, wang Anshi feels special disgrace, be a kind " Qu Ji " behavior.
But to such condition, armed strength delicate in health the Song Chao of person of extremely scared distant, can be have no alternative only, silent is accepted. For clear up this kind of disgrace feels, song Chao finds out a variety of excuse to be absolve of his delicate in health. Wang Dan ever evaluated: "Since become reconciled of national offer Qidan, the people of river new moon, how must all block up, although every years old of bequeath, the cost than resort to arms, not as good as 1% . " from essence character, this is ego is comforted nevertheless. The face that be like the Song Dynasty can conquer Qidan, be to connect this 1% need not also pay? These circulating that the ego that come down is comforted, the common people after becoming thinks " the alliance of Chan deep " not discreditable fountainhead.
3: Distant country is opposite after the alliance in Chan deep the humiliate of the Song Dynasty
After the alliance of Chan deep, between Song Liao although achieved apparently peace, but the strife openly and secretly of two countries is done not have all the time overblown. And from look on the whole, song Chao is in inferior position, often get the intimidate of distant country and ride roughshod over. To this, ground of Zhen Zongceng detest says the Song Dynasty: "Self-invited Qidan wants hill disdain China. " this shows, it is after the alliance of Chan deep, the distant person menace to Song Chao still is as always.
It is before the alliance of Chan deep, distant country can gain martial advantage to Song Chao, the deep and remote cloud that having completely at its 16 cities. Through occupying this long and narrow and abundant area, distant country extends power Great Wall less than not only, still fall to go oneself by a prairie in the help of the Han people country, became a formidable feudal empire.
That is to say, distant country is passed hold Chinese ground, learned the Han people all good qualities, and the fighting capacity of their armour and weaponry outclass the Han people, so distant country is able to be in with Song Chao in confronting each other, take an advantage. Because lost Yan Yun 16 cities, song Chao also lost Great Wall natural barrier, under the cruel oppression of the people that so big North China Plain exposes person of Yu Qi red. Lack the Song Ren of cavalry, contend very hard with distant person.
The huge inferior position on the military affairs, bring about Song Chao the comprehensive passivity that going up to distant politics, diplomacy. Before the alliance of Chan deep, song Chao tries to pass capturing Yan Yun 16 cities, dissolve a variety of advantages of distant country, acquire the active right of pair of distant countries thereby. However as a result of a series of the military affairs fails, song Chao's effort after all suffer defeat on the verge of victory. The Song Dynasty achieved peace of distant of the Song Dynasty toward the alliance that passes Chan deep, but however will " distant strong Song Ruo " strategic posture was saved all the time come down, caused boundless disaster finally.
After war of summer of the Song Dynasty erupts, song Jun frequently defeat utterly. Below this kind of circumstance, northward distant is national namely loot a burning house, strive serves as Song Xia between " mediator " , interfere Song Chao time and again the go on a punitive expedition to the Western Xia regime. As a result of distant country diversionary, song Chao is centered very hard to the Western Xia regime main. Song Renzong celebrates all previous 4 years (1044) , distant person sees Song Jun is defeated newly, get together then border land of distant of arms Yu Song, the requirement asks for what place of flourish of Zhou Shizong bavin captures to close south the ground of 10 counties. The behavior of distant person lets big chaos of heart of the court of a feudal ruler of the Song Dynasty, finally still is Fu Bi dying recieves orders, country of distant of be sent on a diplomatic mission, increase year old of money to finish sth with Songchao finally.
In negotiation process, distant person is self-reliant the force is powerful, everywhere face of humiliate the Song Dynasty. The emperor puts forward distant country to be added in oath book first one " display " word, fu Bijian does not agree. Say instead again " accept " word, fu Bi still is rebuff, country advocate browbeat in order to have next looks austral arms. Below the menace of distant person, song Chao must bend disgrace ground to accept " accept " word. Can see from this, of Qidan person be proud madly see one spot.
Bright peace 7 years (1074) , distant person gives birth to disturbance again, invade distant bound to be excuse with Song Ren, the requirement differentiates afresh river east, Heibei colourful, should, new moon the abuttals of 3 cities, spread out between Song Liao then new bargaining of round of delimit, final Song Chao makes make a concession to Qidan again.
Can see so, although the alliance of Chan deep brought Gou An to Song Chao, brought certain economic benefit, but the security that did not bring national defence to go up, do not have Song Chao to bring dignity more. Distant country the ride roughshod over to Song Chao, caused Song Ren's disgrace and animosity. What Song Renzong faces Qidan is press, kept tear on the conference before drive even. Song Shenzong thinks of to want to call Qidan mother of an emperor the wife of grandfather's younger brother, also be indignation ground tears shedding is more than.
This kind of disgrace that is at ease hard feels, the intense hatred of final melt into to Qidan. Fu Bi is being dealt with " celebrate all previous to gain currency " after general affairs, ever persuaded expostulate with Song Renzong to go all out to become strong, prepare for battle, blood of in an attempt to washs the disgrace that day. War of distant of the Song Dynasty when Song Hui an administrative unit in Xizang erupts, as discreditable as this kind also feeling be closely bound up.
4: Although the alliance of Chan deep is useful, but discreditable still
Look from pragmatical angle, the alliance of Chan deep had very big effect undoubtedly, after all the hundred years peace that this covenant assured Song Liao is bilateral. The scholar says, song Liao's relation is history of archaic East Asia go up, most equal international concerns. This covenant promoted the culture of two countries of distant of the Song Dynasty, economy communication, have very positive effect.
But, "The alliance of Chan deep " still be disgrace, the tremendous frustration sense that its give Song Ren to bring, lose feels, the disgrace with final boundless melt into feels. This kind of disgrace feels, accompanying Song Chao from beginning to end, arrive all the time of Song Chao ruined.
Look from economic angle, the alliance of Chan deep can say to do not have government office of affairs of state of the Song Dynasty to bring a loss only. But to the people, year old of money that Song Chao pays every year, still bring due responsibility to them. For example square dried meat before uprise ever in anger say: "And besides waste of ancestral temple of horse of manner, dog, building, pray, armour and weaponry, beautiful stone, year old Lu on the west, north 2 captive silver-colored thin silk with 1 million plan, all my southeast a newborn baby creams blood also! 2 captive get this, beneficial light China, every years old of year old harrass unceasingly. The imperial court acts according to dare not abandon, prime minister in feudal China thinks Anbianzhi grows plan also. " can see from this, people of government of the Song Dynasty coverts to distant, the Western Xia regime to the imperial court accept tribute, feel quite detest. So to ordinary people, is the alliance why of Chan deep a kind of abasement?
So integrated above, "The alliance of Chan deep " the disgrace that is an imperial court not only, and the disgrace of nation of whole still an ancient name for China. The alliance of deep saying Chan is not disgrace, be have not a leg to stand on!
