Only then at the industry of 90 time 4 successes are carried out

Li Ming (Shanghai university)

Geometrical quality is the main component of tangible product quality. It is with the car exemple, investigate statistic according to JD.Power, the 42% with automobile body geometry errors in problem of global mass of vehicle are concerned.

Almost all the person that has learned machine is sure had learned tolerancepublic errand design, but how many person knows tolerancepublic errand to design really again? That is the train of thought that what use because of us still is last centuries, those who use is NN the method year ago and train of thought. ISO introduces to be mixed from the train of thought of 1993 tolerancepublic errand design that begin distribution below the relevant technology that prop up.

The design has a method, especially today, have its fundamental way more. Next graphs are according to industry 4 train of thought are mixed ISO 9000:2A flow of scale of 015 train of thought:

[suppose] all designs result from demand, this is a kind of hypothesis actually, then, it must be true, affirmation and correct (PMBOK) , this is basic common sense, the problem is how can just assure this.

Limits management: With the client's sufficient communication, its are communication management rear, formation project scope, and describe blur to its (the digitlization of Ambiguity) and risk are evaluated

Knowledge: Include already some knowledge and experience, in future it is big data, this is put in blur likewise among them (Ambiguity) and uncertainty (Uncertainty)

What this phase outputs is the total control requirement of geometrical quality, the relevant technology file of automobile industry calls geometrical technology standard (DTS)

[design] this is a course that builds a model, an iteration process, also be a normative process, included by hypothesis (Assumption) the design of drive (Design) , test and verify (Verification) , wind accuses (Risk Control) , namely ADVR mode. Need solves a few serious problems here:

1. limits: This is a quantified process, also be the process of a digitlization

Be based on a requirement: "Answer to ask to set geometrical noncombatant duty according to the function, make what also can affect geometrical public errand with detected requirement tag at the same time. (ISO 1101:2017) " , the difference of this concept and original standard depends on, it before " give attention to two or morethings " make with detect changed to remind. Among them meaning reader can be comprehended

The function is restricted: "The explanation that hypothesis function is restricted has been done sufficient practice and / or academic research, because this thinks,nonexistent function is restricted to be not spent certainly. (ISO 8015:2011) "

Tolerancepublic errand is restricted; " the explanation that hypothesis public errand is restricted and function are restricted to agree completely. (ISO 8015:2011) "

: of workpiece function level? ?00% of play chess of neodymium of  of Quan of  of ぜ of Yun of sunken in the company of satisfies a function, in tolerancepublic errand the 0% contented functions outside be restricted. (ISO 8015:2011) "

Above the comprehensive standard that method, process, content and backside management included in this process.

2. builds a model: Tolerancepublic errand is tagged, the compose that is model of a public errand actually establishs a procedure, the compose that also is model of a limiting error establishs a procedure, what involve here be based on a function, it includes 2 shares requirement:

Be based on applied function to tag tolerancepublic errand, finish by the design, output corresponding GD&T function design

Be based on control function to tag tolerancepublic errand, finish by craft, output corresponding GD&T to control blueprint

Why to need its cent to be two parts? The reader can be comprehended

3. test and verify: This is operation of a kind of iteration, the public errand that a compose is based on to build here / error pattern undertakes emulation an analysis, basically work and ask:

Emulate, of copy is true, accordingly, the model must be true, namely can whole report works actually condition, this is digital dual actually (Digit Twin) one part, set each other off of false or true

To batch production, the error that needs hypothesis batch work distributings condition, this causes by the disperse degree of production operation, use description of CPK of process capability index commonly, this is set each other off of false or true likewise, just be hypothesis

Apply the public errand that is based on 3D to analyse software, use Monte Carlo method to undertake constructional emulation an analysis, the validity that through assembling distributinging condition of condition and error to come test and verify designs, this is set each other off of some kind of solid empty

According to result of test and verify, adjust optimize tolerancepublic errand design, those who need an attention is, this test and verify is based on hypothesis

4. wind accuses: The blur in be based on all likely hypothesis blur, process that build a model (ISO 17450) , the blur that includes normative course (ISO 17450) undertake the risk is evaluated, the tool here remains 3D public errand to analyse software

What whole design phase outputs is the technical standard that accuses to evaluate through zephyr of test and verify, namely project blueprint, GD&T blueprint, include functional GD&T and craft GD&T

[operate] this is the D in PDCA actually, press normative operation, include among them:

According to blueprint requirement, compose organizational system makes a system, right now, CPK is by the design given tie, give out with statistical public errand commonly. Production system needs to prove its ability with data, this included PPK of index of function of CMK of machine capability index, process and CPK of process capability index to wait among them.

Undertake strictly production operating by craft standard. Tell from some kind of angle, workmanship design also belongs to design category

[measure] measuring is must, especially data times, and be in contemporary in making, measure have its more the meaning of deep administrative levels, its work to basically include:

Use dual principle (ISO 8015:2011) , according to blueprint requirement and ideal examine operation collect (ISO 17450) , formulate simplifies examine operation collect (ISO 17450)

Compose is built survey a system, apply uncertainty of measurement to optimize flow (PUMA flow) (ISO 14253, ISO 15530, ISO 16949, IRIS, AS9000, ISO 13485) optimize survey a system, give out finally uncertainty of measurement

With the design, send check to just measure inaccuracy to be stated surely amount to can consensus, generate final accordance to check and accept be restricted (ISO 14253)

Control to measuring an operation actually to had undertaken Cheng (ISO 10012, ISO 17025)

From measure result and application to look, the measurement here has 3 effect:

Product accordance test and verify, affirm namely, check and accept, its basis is technical file (blueprint) state what form below reached consensus to check and accept surely to measuring inaccuracy with both sides be restricted

The control of production process, its control a basis is by the design given CPK value

For whole process most fundamental part----The test and verify of hypothesis provides a basis with long card, include knowledge, experience, and CPK is worth (suppose) etc

[improve] improving is a kind decision-making, its content basically is hypothesis, it undertakes on the foundation in normative operation and sufficient data necessarily.

What discuss above is a perfect process almost, we can see amid:

Digitlization application: Describe data of functional requirement translate into and standard, spend evaluation process surely with blur and inaccuracy

Informatization application: Use the design that is based on a model (MBD) (ISO 16792, MIL31000A) technical standard is tagged and information is delivered, tell from substantial angle, MBD is three-dimensional not just tag, it is informatization is tagged, 2 graphs described MBD and QIF of quality information framework below (the application of ANSI)

Of course, the most crucial it is us in the application that amid saw technology of digitlization, informatization, the most fundamental base that depends on in the application of whole even industrialized technology, standardize technical application. And, ISO already made a gymnastics of this part and run process method make it very painstaking process and operation are normative, this changes a technology to intervene for the intelligence henceforth laid a foundation.

Can predict so, little criterion 5 years, many 10 years, specific noncombatant duty is tagged need an engineer to do no longer, the engineer needs to describe a function only can. Because this part foundation works, ISO already was finished. About this respect content, special subject spreads out after.

The issue that engineer of a few home cares very much discusses below:

This public errand designs flow and relevant job standard, who is being used? This is a question that all home operator, administrator and engineer can ask almost, include the personnel of top class company of a few home. I am very strange is, should consider this flow and method to be opposite above all incorrect? , advanced? Good, I will tell everybody, boeing, empty guest, BBA, Xi Menzi, apple is being used, and fall in their dominant, already fashioned standard of a whole standard system, operation and administrative technological process.

Is what the expert inside course of study and operator care most alleged " 3 tall one low " how to reflect? Ask this question, ask industry as certain home expert, academician 4 like why stressing quality. Time look above, the iteration that relapses in the design, spend surely with blur and inaccuracy what to make digitlizing a process to be evaluated after all is in do? In this process, quality, efficiency, satisfaction is spent and cost will be mixed to evaluate by overall balance.

What domestic industry likes to tell most is craft safeguard, especially a few old a title of respect for a Buddhist or Taoist priest are embracing these idea from beginning to end. Have in those days in those days circumstance, because cannot detect,be in those days cause uncontrollable, so, can rely on craft only, go as far as possible doing, this is in again quite force the design undertakes according to craft tolerancepublic errand is designed on degree. Today? Measure about the same already omnipotent, the function was become above all requirement, craft must can ensure those who design a requirement to reach. Then, "Craft safeguard " this an outdated

Fiducial must unite, it is to mix the idea with on one same question, today, the design is standard originate function, can take no account of completely from the back, treatment is standard consider by need by craft, gauge demand of blueprint of fiducial and strict antithesis. Then, before " fiducial and unified " invalidation of this one infallible law

Blueprint paper how examine and verify? This should include 2 fields, it is to close above all compasses, have a normative demand to designing process, method and file namely, so, the first pace of examine and verify sees an architect whether be by the standard namely operation, whether to form design process to manage the file of a need. Just be right next inaccuracy is spent surely, the examine and verify of blur. This is the examine and verify that is based on digitlization, standardization and project management

Anyhow:

An eligible design engineer must can proving its are designed is reasonable and authentic

An eligible production engineer must can proving its make system and process is authentic with what can accuse

An eligible measurement engineer must can proving its measure data is authentic

An eligible head engineer must the working flow that can prove its are designed is effective with what can manage

Be narrated all authentic, must talk with data, belong to because of these decision-making, must according to " abide card is decision-making " quality management principle will carry out (ISO 9000:2015)

Explain why to be since article topic finally " only then at 90 time " , because,that is far 1993, the geometrical quality that ISO begins to consider to face future controls method, public errand to design method and standard. Transition mixes the whole system through 25 years to refine a standard in the round, in domain of product geometry quality, already can be industry of 4 carry out offerred solid, the technical support that becomes a system. Included digitlization, informatization and intelligence to change.

From this, face future, we must have strategic eye and systematic train of thought, when we must see advanced industry country faces future, whole boosts of all kinds technology and technical system. Look not to know this, we understand industry impossibly 4, more look not to know future to make

From this, what we should see more is, we understand to what did not come, go up to modern industry understanding even the generation that as advanced as international water comes is poor, and the generation that truly terrible is concept and thinking method respect is poor.