Common saying says fruiter branch " even up is worn the result is standing to grow a tree. Big branch pulls open bone quarrel, more or less is the result rod. " the effect that plays a branch it is thus clear that. Help branch technology really can revulsive result and control branch give birth to the way corp is growing, pulling a branch is the plastics in production of contemporary fruit industry and one of important steps that hurried spends. Draw the application of branch measure, simplified greatly fruiter government measure, promoted result of fruiter of the right age effectively, improved fructification quality substantially. Application is in pulling a branch to be produced in fruit industry consequently the the most general, most extensive, also be the most important method.
But, because what understanding is restricted,the technology that pull a branch is in in actual application, operation method is undeserved wait, the question in causing the government that pull a branch is more, affected the applied result of this one measure severely.
What the 1 middling that pull a branch sees is wrong
1.1 pull a branch to be not extended, the effect is not ideal
The technology that pull a branch is the most crucial is base part should have left, base horn leaves reach the designated position, branch ability pulls extend. Can appear otherwise curve arch (graph 1, graph 2) , once appear,bend, in place curved place can be risked, the influence plays branch effect. But the branch is pulled to be not extended in production, curve a branch more. Pull a branch consequently must meticulous, strive to pull reach the designated position, do not leave snake in the grass to the following management.
The 1.2 time that pull a branch are improper, risk serious
Pull a branch to all can undertake in growth period, dan Lazhi's time is different, effect difference is bigger. Spring pulls a branch, because new tip is in exuberant growth period, after branch opens part, top dominant position is easy translate into branch carries an advantage on the back, appear extremely easily risk a phenomenon. After risking a phenomenon to appear, can cause branch mixed and disorderly, nutrient is used up in great quantities, cause the failure that pull a branch. And 8, new tip stopped in September after growing, undertake pulling a branch, risk less, consequently optimal pulls branch time to should be in 8, September.
Want to pull a branch in spring, had better undertake after sprout. The to erase side Bian Lazhi carries bud on the back, reduce those who risk a phenomenon to happen. Risk to already appearing, if do not affect branch axis to add thick reach lengthen grow, can change through twisting a branch to pull prolapse to undertake transforming; If affect branch axis to add thick reach lengthen grow, answer seasonable scanty except.
1.3 horn degree and tree form do not match
Tree form is different, to the branch open business angle requirement is different. In contemporary apple production, according to cultivated density different, tree form of application basically has tall spindly with slightness spindly two kinds, former apply to mu of garden that plants above of 120 individual plant, latter is applied to mu cultivated the garden that 83 individual plant control. It is with Fuji breed exemple, former branch opens horn to be controlled in 120 ° more, branch wants proper prolapse; Latter branch opens business angle is controlled in 90 ° more, branch is main even up can. Namely cultivated density is bigger, vimineous angle should open business more. But aborning much short of asks this.
1.4 pairs short help advance somebody's career mode pulls branch branch too short, pull a branch premature
After vimineous angle is pulled open, alleviation of the way corp is growing, grow quantitative change is little, adverse crown of a tree is outspread; In the meantime, after vimineous angle is pulled open, top dominant position disappears, can make branch ramose. Double short itself of the branch in the malic production that help advance somebody's career grows quantitative change is little, pull a branch premature, branch is short, main show is dilate of adverse crown of a tree; 2 it is easy appear ramose, adverse branch odd axis is outspread.
Proper defer pulls a branch, can maintain branch on one hand effective and outspread, enlarge crown of a tree; Branch is erect on the other hand when growing, close to only on its in be born short branch, smoke rarely grow branch, advantageous branch odd axis is outspread.
The 2 accurate methods that pull a branch
The 2.1 methods that pull a branch
2.1.1 toothpick are propped up base part grows 20~25 in new tip centimeter when work in new tip and center with toothpick between support horizontal point of view (graph 3) ^
2.1.2 pull a branch to press " push 2 knead 3 control 4 fixed position " measure undertakes. Push, hold a branch with the hand namely, drive repeatedly to fluctuation, or so direction; 2 knead, be about to branch is kneaded repeatedly soft; 3 pressure, be in namely knead soft while, lay branch the point of view that is pressed to place demand; 4 fixed position, use the rope that pull a branch namely (nylon grass, cord, pull a branch implement, open part implement) undertake pulling a branch, even up, pull exhibit, cannot show segment of a circle.
The 2.2 period that pull a branch
Toothpick leaves base horny time, grow 20~25 in new tip commonly centimeter when undertake (graph 4) , shaanxi came on May 15 commonly on June 5. Play lumbar part time with the rope, all can undertake inside whole growth period. General 1~2 year unripe branch appropriate is in 8, the branch is pulled between September. Vimineous tip horn undertakes finally commonly, namely branch not even up, did not pull reach the designated position undertake be pullinged again reaching the designated position.
The basis is cultivated mode, cultivated density, help advance somebody's career breed decides new tip pulls branch place to need length. Mix from root anvil double short help advance somebody's career the close planting orchard of mode (120 individual plant / mu above) breed is short branch model the branch is pulled again when branch grows the 2/3 of spacing in the rows; Short change intermediate anvil to help advance somebody's career mode density is in 83 individual plant / or so mus, breed is long branch model the branch is pulled again when branch grows the 1/2 of spacing in the rows (graph 5) .
The 2.3 requirements that pull a branch
2.3.1 by unripe the way corp is growing branch of the affirmatory angle that pull a branch gives birth to the way corp is growing strong, the point of view that pull a branch is old; Branch gives birth to the way corp is growing to lose, the angle that pull a branch is small. Spend the Fuji breed with strong the way corp is growing to be being become not easily, bough angle should pull ° of 110 ° ~120, made precocious flower, early result.
2.3.2 press branch point of view certainly by density the orchard with cultivated big density, bough pulls ° of 110 ° ~120; The garden with cultivated little density, bough pulls ° of 90 ° ~100.
The 2.3.3 form that press a tree decide tall spindly bough presses the point of view that pull a branch ° of 110 ° ~120; Long and thin spindly bough (base ministry) pull ° of 90 ° ~100, upside bough pulls ° of 100 ° ~120 in.
2.3.4 pull branch angle red Fuji certainly by breed ° of 110 ° ~120; pull ° of 80 ° ~90.
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