Enamel colour china, say again " porcelain embryo draws an enamel " , " picture enamel " , " enamel brushwork vast blood from a wound " ; The west says for " rose colour porcelain " . Common says " Gu Yuexuan " , this a small room is not had in palace, for false rumour. "Enamel " , call " stroke Lang " , " hair is blue " , " foreign porcelain " , " porcelain embryo vast blood from a wound " . Enamel colour is china of rare palace for use of an emperor, it is one kind uses as only palace enjoy and religion, sacred offer implement. China of colour of clear acting enamel from Kang Xi year begin fire, colour of Yong Zheng enamel enters flourishing flourishing period, qianlong reachs high maturity level, halt production to Jia Qingchu, gross only more than 40 years brilliant.
Enamel colour china, it is in Kang Xi direct incite sb to do sth issues the emperor, draw what enamel colour source is developed and become by cupreous embryo. The enamel inside 19 years of violet Jin Cheng makes Kang Xi, enamel of wire inlay of embryo of main production copper and enamel of royal seal embryo. Kang Xi 22 years, after abolish ban on maritime trade, enamel of picture of European metal embryo passes person a surname inside, begin to try then burn picture of metallic embryo enamel. Kang Xi is 55 years on the foundation that masters picture of metallic embryo enamel, move this one craft to draw an enamel and gain a success to vitreous embryo. Museum of Taipei the Imperial Palace hides vitreous embryo to draw enamel flowers a vase with a slender neck and a bulging belly, draw has grain of peony pestering a branch above. Because vitreous material is qualitative the likeness with china, it is silicate kind, so colour of vitreous embryo enamel obtains a success to also drew an enamel to create advantageous condition for porcelain embryo, produced porcelain embryo to draw an enamel from this.
The enamel colour china of Kang Xi period, it is less than wall apply glair, glair does not apply outside the wall " turn over porcelain " for the embryo, embryo implement become by Jingdezhen fire, carry next inside palace, reoccupy yellow, blue, rouge red, peacock is green wait for ground color, undertake coloured drawing or pattern is decorated, the roast in 600 ℃ heat is being put after finishing and into. Because the brushwork on the porcelain face of glair is not had in acerbity embryo, reason applies colour massiness, glaze is accordingly rugged and generation knaggy is stereo the lasting appeal of feeling and luxuriant honest and sincere. Fu Xi selects Hkfx623
Enamel colour porcelain is burning the process of the brushwork on fine element china and fire, with similar of craft of traditional glair colour, different is colour of porcelain embryo enamel many boron is contained in makings, this and traditional dye have the distinction of essential sex. The Huang Cai in enamel colour, it is to use oxidation antimony to be colorant, have do not do tradition yellow glair to use ferric oxide to be colorant. Rouge red makings also is different from red of traditional iron oxide red, copper, it is to use the Jin Gong with colloid chromatic gold.
Yongzheng 6 years before the dye of enamel colour porcelain is the enamel material that imports from abroad. Colour of after this enamel is homebred gain a success, colour more rich and colorful. Enamel colour color has tens of planting, include color of white, month white, yellow, reseda, shallow bright green, bright cyan, pale pinkish purple, rouge red etc. Because the ground succeeded to introduce arsenic in enamel colour, changed single track of the colour on past dynasties glair to make the same score the confine that the besmear, colour that turns over side without yin and yang behaves, obtained red can change melt into is reddish, green can change melt into is weak green effect, and colour appears bright-coloured and refined, pink is tender and downy. Grain of peony of enamel coloured drawing or pattern, colour another bright-coloured, peony grain acts the role of enamel colour china, kang Xi, Yong Zheng, Qianlong 3 face, each have attitude.
China of colour of Kang Xi enamel, it is small more, be like dish, cup, box, bottle, big implements is very few, even if bottle kind also be diminutive. The gross of fire is little also, up to now be handed down from ancient times of porcelain of colour of Kang Xi enamel is less than 50. Subject matter of design of china of colour of Kang Xi enamel is peony, Chinese rose, lotus to wait more. Among them peony grain occupies 65% above. Modelling of grain of Kang Xi peony has bright times feature.
China of colour of enamel of Kang Xi period realistically the gender is strong, depict like peony exquisite, petaline fleshy, flower is full, blade is curly, gesture is dramatic no matter; is to fold a branch, pester a branch, the good looks of peony paint from life is changeless.
Color of china of colour of enamel of Kang Xi period is rich, be like design and color white, yellow, red, violet, pink, Mo Zi, green, of all kinds has; to lay the ground with colour makings, ground color has Huang De, violet ground, red ground, black ground to wait, more added colorific change.
: of hyperbole of modelling of china of colour of enamel of Kang Xi period?
Graph one
If pursue one, kang Xigong ground opens cup of grain of peony of smooth enamel colour. Cup 4.2 centimeters tall, caliber 6.3 centimeters, ample means 2.3 centimeters. Our mouth, the circle is full do not have nearly, form appearance honest and sincere is composed. Big peony is drawn in the center of light, left on have the bud that be in bud, composition of a picture is vigorous and firm and full, air is imperturbable.
Graph 2
If pursue 2, colour of enamel of Kang Xi yellow ground pesters bowl of branch peony grain. Tall 7.8 centimeter, caliber is artful centimeter, ample means 6 centimeters. Wide mouth, cast an edge, abdomen small abundant, the circle is full. Wall smooth element is not had adorn, the wall is the ground with fizzling out outside, wait for the peony grain that lubricious brushwork blooms with red, green, blue, pink, pale pinkish purple, peony uses double lubricious show, or in the layer uses red, outer with blue, or in the layer uses red, outer with red. Conceive dexterity, modelling is dignified, painting project is rigorous, colour is gorgeous.
Graph 3
If pursue 3, colour of enamel of Kang Xi blue ground pesters bowl of branch peony grain. 5.2 centimeters tall, caliber 11, ample means 4.4 centimeters. Our mouth, deep arc wall, wall smooth element, outside mural blue ground, with gules draw peony, the yellow that use gold draws Hua Xie, foil bluely in gem below, peony more show dignified dignified.
Graph 4
If pursue 4, bowl of flowers of colour of enamel of Kang Xi yellow ground. 7.2 centimeters tall, caliber 15.7 centimeters, ample means 5.7 centimeters. Of the bowl outside the wall is the ground with Huang Cai, the with coloured drawing or pattern of pink, blue, green, violet, pale pinkish purple paint from life blooms 8 times peony on its, beautiful leaf flutters, be full of grumous life breath. Depict exquisite, be like the edge of the peony leaf of reseda, still use small red add details to a painting, very but person.
Colour of enamel of Yong Zheng period enters flourishing period. Him Yong Zheng is right enamel implement very appreciation, this produces generation to enamel colour china major effect. Implement model also not bowl of bureau be confined to, dish, cup, dish, increased bottle, canister, crock to wait bigger implement model. Yongzheng succeeds 6 years as what contain enamel colour material, broke through the confine with little breed of design and color of makings of original use entrance, colour, the breed of design and color of enamel colour china grows day and day, the amount also rises, reached historical peak, make the main variety that dominant position holds in colour porcelain.
Decorate design besides lubricious ground, more it is in white porcelain aspirant travel draws an enamel. According to Taipei " porcelain of colour of enamel of Yong Zheng of · of porcelain of Tibet of the Imperial Palace " wait for a data, be informed Yong Zheng period to be the enamel colour china of subject matter to basically have with peony. Chinese ink peony 2, chromatic peony 3, L of peony piling chicken, wintersweet peony L, in all 7. In addition enamel colour in many work such as 5 human relations graphs, peony also is main component. Right now, the enamel colour china of peony subject matter is white ground mostly, afore-mentioned 7 in white ground has 6, yellow only L. Colour of enamel of Yong Zheng period is much main reason in vain is, the white porcelain whiteness of fire is tall at that time, its whiteness and diaphaneity already exceeded porcelain of Ming Daiyong Le Bai, have the characteristic of thin, light, embellish, fine, clean. Solved white porcelain to going up at the same time the problem of enamel colour, coloring thickness is optional, administrative levels is rich. Use variety of white ground enamel, can show result of glowed design and color adequately more. In addition, the peony grain of the enamel colour porcelain of Yong Zheng period, also behave the way of peony alone unlike Kang Xi, the picture that appeared to be combined by painting of flowers and birds in traditional Chinese style, Zhu Shi, landscape.
Graph 6
If pursue 6, colour of Yong Zheng enamel piled bowl of gallinaceous peony grain to reflect these characteristics adequately. The bowl is 6.6 centimeters tall, caliber 14.5 centimeters, ample means 6 centimeters. Museum of Beijing the Imperial Palace hides. Small system of porcelain qualitative embryo is small, whiteness is like snow. The peony in enamel colour porcelain, cock, picture wind is exquisite realistically. The picture is a multicolored cock dwell to go up at hill stone, turn round look around, another hen extends an echo beyond, look around have feeling; Above hill stone with or so around, elaborate scale isochromatic of the bright red, light yellow of much appearance much condition, pink, yoke blooms peony more than 10, below the set off of greenery, appear all the more Lao violet bright red. The other one side of the bowl inscribes a paragraph for black colour, does the book have: ? Pi of Wei of Lou of perversing Tun of of Jia of Chi of bay Piao osmic ! Does partridge of Ao of thin ⅰ of an ancient wine vessel made of horn of sunken tooth of grand of of of Jiu of beard of Can of Zi of neon of pen Lai just bake cheek of thin N of field of lowing target Ti owes owlet to fall neon and 4 alarm of of of discharge of hand of け of grave of busy of of annulus shallow ＞ be apt to of corrode of Bei ├ move?
China of Qianlong enamel colour has new development again on the foundation of Kang Xi, Yong Zheng, reach high maturity, no matter still be in in the amount form control an aspect, exceeded health, harmony two face, big enamel colour is more also, only bottle kind the bottle of double-barreled bottle, the head of garlic, calabash bottle, double couplet bottle, a vase with a slender neck and a bulging belly, bottle that reach extreme, avalokitesvara bottle waits a variety of, the application that is peony grain offerred wider world. The flowers such as the peony of this one period, applied yin and yang of positive and negative, light and shade to contrast wait for law of western canvas ability, have stereo feeling more so. This is a of porcelain of Qianlong enamel colour important characteristic.
When Qianlong, guangzhou appeared to produce the making base of enamel colour for Qianlong court royal court. They rise western culture art and palace color tie, formed those who have local distinguishing feature " wide enamel " .
China of colour of Qianlong period enamel another characteristic is bright and beautiful ground opens light with bright and beautiful ground. In china adornment " open light " , be just as the window leaves to see light inside house. Be in namely implement the main place of the body, the hook gives column of circle, rectangle, petaline form, rhombic casing, draw in casing column the theme is decorated, grain of a basket of flowers sees more especially when Qianlong. Style of this kind of adornment has white ground to open light, also coloured ground opens light. In casing column outside ground of bright and beautiful of of all kinds, become bright and beautiful ground to open light. Bright and beautiful ground, the successive grain appearance with neat dense, bright and beautiful ground is common figure of nonfeasance main body appears. Lines of bright and beautiful ground is acted the role of outside casing column it is moire, Yun Wen, Shui Wen, cross bright and beautiful, form more word bright and beautiful, in lonely garden " Tao Ya " refer: ? Does of ruthenium of San of of remnant of ú of Biao of joke of of bluff of of postscript benevolence ┤ grow Suan of of leech street ? ?
Grain of peony opening light appears with style of a basket of flowers, it is the characteristic of Kang Qian times. What a basket of flowers of useful and valuable data that make serves as precious gift when Qianlong is consuetudinary. Qianlong has an enamel to make in the gift that for empress dowager 16 years 60 birthday Qing Gong receives " beautiful women or fragrant flowers collects beautiful gaily decorated basket " one. Qianlong is empress dowager 26 years the 70 gift that Shou Qingjin gives have again " a basket of flowers of 10 thousand exquisite of glair of the Rong Jun that collect apply " . This shows, regard fashionable a basket of flowers as design, already was a kind of model that the society often uses in top level intercourse.
Bottom of enamel colour china book money, be like " Kang Xi drive is made " , "Yong Zhengnian is made " , "Qianlong year make " . Money article is colorful, makings color has red variety, La Caizhi to fasten, chirography has the branch of regular script, seal character. The money article of same the title of an emperor's reign, because of time different, place often also changes with dye. No less than " the enamel colour porcelain of shallow Tan Kangxi " discussed: ? Drop of eye of Wan of of Ao of abstruse the name of a river in Anhui Province sweets wine Shi of ┢ of brighting flatter of κ of take along sth to sb of ├ move corrode defeats the beauty that punish to whiz corrode plans a bit barium of of sole of chart of extensive of corridor of show off of hertz Jin receives Kuang of take along sth to sb of Pang of deceive of hertz dispute instruct of Qia of merchant chart Xiu Xingyuan Mu! Can Qiu of Cai of of Mou Huang of stupid hairpin male fasten human skeleton of be apt to of Mu of stupid Wan of Pi of of dam of Huan of of leech of R of Mou Ju shank to provide dinner for capture of of Liang of the chart that grow Shi disrelishs stupid Wan of Pi of dim glow of the setting sun of Pang Song bay to be troubled by persimmon to persimmon of children's hair of Shun be apt to handsome V brandish quality? of decadent of of conspicuous of drop vinegar ⒂ . Does Ju ǘ squeeze of of boundless and indistinct of shallow V to embed divide evenly coil up to ask Yue blows brandish of eminent Tou divide evenly to wake toad of of fine Song bursa does of conspicuous of Xie of H of Zhen of dry up of bright of ㄈ of ∽ of eggplant of border of Tuan of eminent of male of fact of 7 ├ move force grave group ⑿ of Tong of condyle of gauze of bamboo-plaited basket or suitcase?
Enamel colour porcelain behaves peony grain, can obtain the result of such acme so, producing major effect with palace painter is not divided. At that time the cropland austral brandish, clear allograph painter, picture peony does not have spirit law to be sent independently, view picture is needed " extremely vivid send, support or oppose, Jing Zheng, carbonado day, with the wind, colourful dew, each use up its to change, dan Jiaoqing fragrance stroke, from go out between paper, it is beautiful ear. " painterly to drawing altar to include palace at that time influence is tremendous. Kang Xi, Yong Zheng, Qianlong 3 face, palace has numerous painter. The painter that is good at flowers among them suffers the effect of brandish Na Tian mostly, jiang Tingxi particularly famous. Xi Kangxi of Jiang the court of a feudal ruler 42 years of a successful candidate in the highest imperial examinations, hold the post of palace painter into member of the Imperial Academy, flowers of arrogate to oneself, get be ignorant of of charm of the cropland austral brandish, with ease pen paint from life, apply color dizzy Chinese ink, can natural be in harmony and. Zou Yigui, give birth to Yu Kangxi 25 years, man of serve of Guan Zhili ministry, add a high official in ancient China to hold, often make a picture for palace. The flower learns strand south brandish, arrogate to oneself draws flowers, pay attention to fill in colors on a sketch, commonly used heavy pink, hind with light basket catch, opaque is bulgy paper element, stereo sense is strong. He returns floriculture more than 100 kinds, observation bearing. In addition, enamel colour still suffers the effect of western painter, be like Lang Shining, painter of Catholic Protestantism missionary, Italy. Qing Kangxi comes to China 54 years, have successively held the posts of Kang Xi, Yong Zheng, Qianlong painter of 3 court royal court, the official comes 3 article. He already was established when Yong Zheng " in the picture is body, the picture is on the west with " style, make " peony pursues " , match well of Chinese and Western, double tick off add chiaroscuro apply colours to a drawing again, depict distinct. So, peony of china of colour of enamel of clear acting palace is dazzing, form accidentally anything but.
