Conflict theory is the western sociology genre that the later period in 50 time forms 20 centuries.
20 centuries after 40 time metaphase, with T · Pasensi is structural function creed of the representing, emphasize social member holding some value orientaton jointly the action of order of integrated to hold together society, stable society, perceive conflict healthy society " clammy " , seek the mechanism that removes conflict hard. The later period in 50 time, as the global growth of the subsidise of brief stability after the Second World War and conflict phenomenon, the accuracy that a few sociologist begin to be talked to Pasensili generates suspicion. They absorb classic sociologist, especially the thought that the person such as Marx, Weibai and Qimeier concerns conflict, criticize and amend the one-sided sex of structural function creed, form one of sociological school that there is major effect after school of creed of afterwards structure function gradually, this is conflict theory.
Use the earliest " conflict is academic " of this one term is Er of a twenty-five-stringed plucked instrument of American sociologist division. He objects Pasensi thinking conflict has the one-sided point of view that destroys effect only, strive analyses method of structural function analysis and social conflict mode union rises, amend and complement handkerchief dark this academic. Keseer from Qimeier " conflict is form of union of a kind of societies " proposition sets out, discuss the function that the society conflicts extensively. He thinks, conflict is had function and negative function. Below certain condition, conflict is had assure a society the successional, possibility that reduces contrary and polar generation, become rigid that prevents social system, adaptability that enhances organism and the conformity of stimulative society function. The main delegate character of conflict theory still has L · Collins of the United States, r · of Germany amounts to Lun Duofu, j · Lai Kesi of England. Conflict theory emphasizes the conflict sex in social life explaining with this the society is transitional, the structural function doctrine that it opposes taking dominant place at that time with taking the lead in and celebrated. After conflict theory arises, tremendous echo was caused in western society academia, it permeates sociology very quickly the experience of each branch course goes in research, in political sociology, organization sociology, phyletic relation, society the domain such as family of statified, collective action, marriage appeared a large number of treatise that with conflict the concept is frame, major effect produced in sociological now development.
Conflict theory basically has 3 school:
① adj conflict is talked, it is a delegate with the Dalunduofu of confederative Germany, think social interior influence allocates the germ that all is not generation conflict, conflict is a society in the life initiative, general, basically indelible element, it should get country and society admit, make its system is changed.
Conflict of ② positive function is talked, the division with the United States lustre for the delegate, think conflict is right social combination, hold a group solidarity, consolidate the changes of society of human relation, control positive effect with have main, have the function that promotes mutual understanding.
③ general conflict is talked, it is a delegate with American Bo Ding, think conflict is posed by the fall of the deficient of fortune and morality, the view is overcome and restrict conflict, basically place the hope that overcomes conflict at defying each square reason, morality is mixed to forgive each other on.
Keseer's conflict is academic
Keseer is in " the function that the society conflicts " (in 1956) used the earliest " conflict is academic " this one term. He objects Pasensi thinking conflict has the one-sided point of view that destroys effect only, strive analyses method of structural function analysis and social conflict mode union rises, amend and complement handkerchief dark this academic. Keseer from Qimeier " conflict is form of union of a kind of societies " proposition sets out, discuss the function that the society conflicts extensively. He thinks, conflict is had function and negative function. Below certain condition, conflict is had assure a society the successional, possibility that reduces contrary and polar generation, become rigid that prevents social system, adaptability that enhances organism and the conformity of stimulative society function.
Dalunduofu's conflict is academic
Dalunduofu thinks, social reality has two pieces of face, one piece is stability, harmony and consensus, another piece is changes, conflict is mixed compulsive. Sociology needs a kind of harmonious society model not only, need the social model of a kind of conflict likewise. For this, sociology must walk out of Pasensi what what propose form is balanced with harmony " Utopian " , establish run-of-mill conflict theory. In " the class in industrial society and class conflict " (in 1957) , dalunduofu basically absorbed Wei Bai the theory about authority and influence, establish its class and conflict theory for the foundation with this. He thinks, organism is not to explore balanced social system, however mandatory harmonious combine. All sorts of different positions of organism interior have not commensurate authority and power. This kind of inherent imparity in social structure distributings authoritatively, make the society is divided melt into dominates and be dominated two big each other contrary accurate group. Below certain condition, accurate group organizes expression to be apparent interest group, throw open group conflict as collective actor, bring about the repartition of organism interior authority and influence thereby, the society tends temporarily stability and harmony. But authoritative repartition also is at the same time dominate newly to change a course with the system of part be dominatinged. The conceal in harmony is worn the crisis of conflict, once the opportunity is mature, social member can be reorganized rise, enter the conflict that contends for influence another round. Social reality is conflict and harmonious circular process, and " the impetus that the dialectics of influence and boycott is the history " .
Lai Kesi's conflict is academic
Lai Kesi sets out from the basic position of the Marxism, object Pasensi attaching most importance to the order theory of the heart with value standard, the allocation that emphasizes corporeal life measure should hold first position when model of the society that propose form. Be in " the crucial question in sociological theory " (1961) in, lai Kesi described " the circumstances of regnant phase " : Regnant group dominates each fields of social life, apply mandatory influence forces social conformity. In this kind of case, economic allocation system distributes the corporeal life resource of certain amount to different group; Political power system allots power with " be on guard any behavior that destroy economic allocation system happen " ; Final value system affirms " the lawful sex of system of power of this kind of politics " ; Ritual is had " make people comply with the effect of final value system " . He thinks, the unifinication society structure of ceremony of → of value of → of influence of → of this kind of money, serve for the interest of regime. Life method allocates the extreme imparity that go up, cause necessarily by regime unsatisfactory grow increasingly, make its under profit of group of park of interest of member general individual and form collective actor. Once dominate,mix be contrasted to produce change by the influence between regime, the society is met by " the circumstances of regnant phase " to " revolutionary circumstances " motion, cause the downfall of regime finally. Although the both sides of conflict realises intense conflict will pay higher price than measurable concession, thereby each other make compromise, but this kind " armistice circumstances " also be extremely flabby decide. Conflict both sides continues to seek the measure that can satisfy him one-sided interest, once found this kind of method, the balance of influence is broken instantly, conflict immediately replaces temporary peace afresh.
The conflict of Collins is academic
1975, of Collins " conflict sociology: ? Structural function creedUndertake complement and be correctioned, think order theory and conflict theory are useful academic tool together. Collins thinks, social conflict is the central process that the society lives, put forward a kind of compensatory sex merely " conflict is academic " can't show this one process, must build a sociology that gives priority to a problem with conflict. The person that inchoate conflict is talked basically pays close attention to issue of macroscopical society construction, what the individual depends on outside inspecting social structure is mandatory force. Collins thinks, social structure is the interactive mode of actor, be created ceaselessly in actor and arise in creation again and be able to last. Cannot break away from to the understanding of macroscopical society structure propose form the actor of these structures. He was absorbed phenomenological the research achievement with folklore methodology, strive lays microcosmic foundation for macroscopical sociology. The person that talk with inchoate conflict pays attention to theory and ideological problem to differ, collins emphasizes must building hypothesis, deductive proposition system, try from experience test and verify. Be like this only, ability makes conflict sociology becomes sexology of a specification truly. Collins laid new foundation for the research of conflict problem, the mark is worn on narrow sense " conflict is academic " as a genre already type is small.
