Minister change, word child long, alias too history fair, male, the Han nationality, BC 145 years of the traditional Chinese calendar Feburary Chu Jiusheng, belong to photograph monkey, constellation Aries, shaanxi saves Han city person, have successively held the posts of the guard secretary of thorough of Liu of Chinese fierce emperor, curator of national library of imperial court of the Western Han Dynasty, director of general office of imperial court of the Western Han Dynasty. It is home of our country's great historian, writer, star. Historiography has on behalf of work " history write down " , it is general history of the first history presented in a series of biographies, first of the Twenty-four Histories that be labelled, star learns to represent work " too first all previous " , it is continue to use up to now calendar, changed the first month of the lunar year before Qin Chao to be in the circumstance November, have epoch-making sense.
The appearance of appearance minister change gives a person a kind of doughty integrity, the feeling with uncommon aspiration. Other places square face, of dense OK even and outspread the brow to hair on the temples, grow long extensive to wear the beard of cyan. His a full forehead, ground cabinet circumference, alight, jovian. It is especially when book of disease of pen of his act vigorously, dignified and genial, the hand grasps brush, below an oil lamp, on paper of appear vividly of countless heroes character, be filled with deep esteem making a person.
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The ancestor of minister change is in human relations in society the earliest Zhou Chao when the civil service officer that becomes administer history. Arrived the Qin Guo of times of age the Warring States, the ancestors of minister change is called minister fault, ever argued with Zhang Yi happening, then king of benefit of the Qin Dynasty sends minister fault rate army assaults Sichuan country, after attack and seize, let him become the governor of Sichuan ground again.
The department Martens delegate in times of Qin Shi emperor character minister prosperous, it is the official that Qin Guozhu provides ironware of smelt metal casting. Of minister change too father Sima Moze, hold the position of the position of Han Chao's mayor. Arrived the father of minister change minister talk, did the curator of national library of imperial court of the Western Han Dynasty of Chinese fierce emperor again, restored ancestral official historian profession.
The woman of wife willow handsome of minister change, it is a painter, to the appearance of each period of marital lifetime, draw have picture. She becomes a monk or nun after minister change dies for the Buddhist nun. Two son minister of minister change are faced and Sima Guanye returns birthplace Han city after minister change dies. Because fear to suffer the circumvent of imperial court treacherous court official again, their offspring changes a last name " Feng " and " with " . The daughter of minister change minister flower, bear two sons, be called Yang Zhong greatly, be called Yang Yun smally.
Yang Yun is right " history write down " transmission is having graven contribution. Yang Yun from a child is bright and academic, be opposite especially of the collect carefully in the home " history write down " fondle admiringly, and every are read always is to heat up a tear to be filled with the socket of eye, clutch wrist groan. In Chinese announce emperor when, yang Yun was become those who be equivalent to the class that visit a department is curule make the same score a Hou. He sees this time imperial court politics connects support of the people at that time, write special subject to report data to Chinese announce emperor, the grandfather him is dusty monumental work of 20 years " history write down " displayed come out, fair development goes, from now on the world talent is able to read this great book in all.
The life experience of minister change can press time order cent to be 5 phase:
One, period of minister change childhood is in the boyhood of minister change plain town of Zhi of city of Han of province of home town Shaanxi has been engaged in a few agriculture labor. BC 135 years, minister change of 10 years old visits Xi'an town along with father. Learn to Kong Anguo of famous at that time ancient prose Great Master " ancient prose a high official in ancient China " , dong Zhongshu of Xiang Ruxue's Great Master learns " age " .
Sima Qianshen's large home learns origin, plus the name division gets job, inspire revulsive, make minister change benefit not shallow, school work is entered greatly. This moment, be the period of at the height of power and splendour of dynasty of the Western Han Dynasty, country force is powerful, economy booms, culture is flourishing, zhang Qian is acted according to make connect the Western Regions, disease of Wei Qing, Huo Qu defeats Hun greatly, chinese fierce emperor creates folk songs and ballads in the Han style... ; all these is buried in Sima Qianyou's little heart issued aspire to become a useful person, render service to repay kindness the lofty aspirations and great ideals of the motherland.
2, when Sima Qianer is 10 years old of minister change familial, for generations is official historian, and as official historian, responsible come the words and deeds of account monarch sages and men of virtue, responsible also come the ancient issue of language of involuntary discharge of urine that collect arranges the world, more responsible through narrative consider a person and offer for the ruler at that time draw lessons from.
The father of minister change minister talk do too history after making, count chiliad history at arranging the Chinese nation with respect to aspire, try compose the history record with an all-time dimensions. But Sima Tangan arrives oneself year of work is expensive already, want to repair one ministry history independently to write, no matter be time, energy, or scholarship knowledge is insufficient still, so Sima Tanji great expectations the son at him minister change, hope he can share its responsibility at an early date, achieve a such noble ambition finally.
Then, he lets a son be on the foundation that reads 10 thousand books, begin to go 10 thousand lis of roads, of whole nation that he asks his son will have by a definite date more than two years roam. So Sima Qiancong begins 20 years old, to write " history write down " prepare undertook making an on-the-spot investigation on the spot. Himself is interviewed, obtained a lot of first-hand data, assured " history write down " authenticity and scientific sex.
BC 125 years, minister change sets out from Shaanxi Xi'an, above all with south as inspect a target. He has gone to Jiangsu and Zhejiang, ascend meeting check hill, those who visited big Yu Zhishui is vestigial, bury to what had visited the Shun of far county of Hunan Province peace the ground -- 9 Yi hill. Next, he goes up along river of the Huaihe River and Si water north again, arrived at Shandong music to mound, watched the lay amorous feelings of Confucius home town. In the Yi hill of Shandong Zou county, he saw in those days the quarter stone; that Qin Shi emperor sings the praises of sb is in the Peng Cheng of Jiangsu Xuzhou, he inspected the ancient ground that Chu Hanxiang contends for, did to Xiang Yu and Liu Bang's data collect in detail arrange.
3, the BC when Sima Qiansan is 18 years old 108 years, sima Qianzi bear father line of business, did curator of national library of imperial court of the Western Han Dynasty formally, all books that sufficient condition reads place of Chinese court royal court to hide, archives and all sorts of historical data. He arranges historical data at the same time, attend at the same time change calendar. Sima Qianzhu holds the first almanac of written our country " too first all previous " after try out, BC 104 years, the greatest project that Sima Qianjiu began other to be born -- write " history write down " .
4, the BC when Sima Qiansi is seventeen years old 99 years, li Anli of challenge of group of Chinese fierce emperor leads troops 30 thousand, assault Hun, called a big lost battle, be completely annihilated almost, li Anli escaped. The grandchildren plum hill of Li An of Chinese generation famous general is taking 5000 dogface to fight with Hun. Chief of the Xiongnu in ancient China leads 30 thousand cavalry to stay in infantry round besiege of Li Ling personally. Proper and bilateral hard-fought war during, li Ling has party of a soldier because of at hand, be reachcaptured by Hun, surrendered. Chancellery people condemn Li Ling ought not to be mortally afraid of death, surrender to Hun. Chinese fierce emperor asks minister change, hear his opinion.
Sima Qianshui: "The foot that Li Ling takes is malcontent 5000, he arrives deep the enemy's hinterland, attacked tens of thousands of enemy. Although he called lost battle, but killed so much enemy, also can explain to the world person. Li Ling does not agree to go dead immediately, have his idea for certain, he still thinks atone for a crime by good deeds will repay the emperor certainly. He still thinks atone for a crime by good deeds will repay the emperor certainly..
Chinese fierce emperor listened, think minister change defends for Li Ling so, it is to debase Li Anli of purpose (the elder brother) that Li Anli is Han Wu Di Chongfei, agitatedly, not by defend oneself, issued minister change jail. This law case falls in the hand of cruel official Du Zhou with very smelly at that time fame unfortunately, du Zhou cruel torture tries minister change, sima Qianren sufferred the brutal torment on all sorts of bodies and spirit, he does not succumb from beginning to end, also do not admit his guilt.
Before long, chinese fierce emperor killed Li Ling's family, sentence Sima Qianyi castration. Castration cuts off namely the man's genital, it is the penalty of an extremely deep disgrace, corrupt reach forefathers, laugh at relatives and friends. In Sima Qianzai jail, suffer humiliate fully again, forfeited almost life. He wants to die originally, but think of oneself are old collect data, say: "The person is inherent die, or overweight Mount Taishan, or lighter than a goose feather. " . He to finish " history write down " writing, endure humiliation in order to carry out an important task, cast individual body torment and mental pressure, absorbedly investment arrives in writing.
5, the BC when Sima Qianwu is 10 years old 96 years, the world of amnesty of Chinese fierce emperor. After minister change is released from prison, became what imperial court of the Western Han Dynasty saves ministry class is medium the book makes. This position looks very celebrated, but the convention is pressed at that time, only eunuch ability is held the position of. Actually, this is pair of minister change the defilement of another kind of form. But, minister change " be oblivious of the outside world, of one mind writes book of sages and men of virtue only. Of one mind writes book of sages and men of virtue only..
BC 91 years, outstanding famous book " history write down " the difficult writing that passes minister change 13 years, eventually whole book is finished. Share 130, 520 thousand more than word. " history write down " account on from the Huang Di in Chinese antediluvian fokelore times, chinese fierce emperor comes below (BC 122 years of) , in all 3000 old histories. Author minister change with its " investigate day person during, connect Gu Jinzhi to change, the character into " history knowledge, make " history write down " make general history of the first history presented in a series of biographies.
