Law expert does errant learning to make a holiday --
Who will sentence final conclusion article to borrowed?
The pride of the morning / turn post
Visual China offers a plan
See check heavy report to show, the document of the paper is duplicate than exceeding 50% when, yao Hongjun becomes aware getting what he should inform against to borrowed is for a time " final " thing.
This Shanghai politics and law learns the associate professor of courtyard law institute, hou Huaixia of dean of attention this academy is suspected of " borrowed " already 9 years. The China that he offers knows a net to check heavy report to show, the doctoral paper of Hou already published document to duplicate except oneself than amounting to 55% , article of additionally 5 periodical is respectively 97.8% , 69.1% , 55.4% , 53.1% , 47.6% .
Rely on these checking to weigh a report, he is written to branch of ranking education director inform against a letter, school of work following experience reflects a condition, a dozen one phones give periodical and paper textual writer, also send on the net post, the result is not to have be rebuffed of an other place.
The institute of Shanghai politics and law that Hou Huaixia holds a post is responded to " do not form academic dishonourable " , the marine university of alma mater China of its doctor's degree maintains grant " do not belong to slight borrowed " . A professor of committee of marine university art expresses clearly, hou Lunwen is put in the flaw, but borrowed by no means, "Investigate data full and accurate, we wait to be reported to concerned branch at any time " .
The Yao Hongjun that ever was intellectual property law with adopting way of judicatory exam, research 272 minutes baffled. To make clear a fact, the data in his computer already put a few G, but the material that masters it seems that is more, distance truth is further and further.
In fact, it is Yao Hongjun not merely, those participate in the expert of appraise sth through discussion, also face difficult problem: Know a net to investigate heavy presence error, artificial appraise sth through discussion is not trusted, learning borroweds did not unite a standard...
Face this " borrowed " appraisal, they also are thinking: Borrowed when learning be discussed to come when blotting out the sky and cover up the earth, what is just the exactest evaluation level? Borrowed where is border after all?
The result expert that examines heavy system " do not admit "
As the colleague, yao Hongjun pays close attention to Hou Huaixia for the first time " be suspected of borroweding " , be in May 2010. Had read a paper that she publishs on periodical, he feels suddenly " some problems " .
He has read many article of Hou Huaixia. "The article that she sends is very much, the field is wide also, involve law of procedural law, advertisement, environment law, intellectual property, external liability of investment, company is varied, but she studies direction is secured quite, and the research of legal domain 2000 already fractionize. " look in Yao Hongjun, hou Huaixia such " much face hits out " , be impossible basically.
The many science literary works Hou Huaixia put Yao Hongjun to know a net to check heavy. Among them, doctoral project of Hou Huaixia " the environmental authority on private law and its relieve a problem to consider " show in knowing a net to check heavy report, have coincide with 25 paper content that publish publicly already.
With individually paragraphic come statistic, hou article him purify already published document to duplicate to be than parting: Introductive 30.6% ; The first chapter 49.8% ; The 2nd chapter 54.1% ; The 3rd chapter 57% ; The 4th chapter 62.8% ; Yao Hongjun has been calculated, come down integratedly, whole article already published document to duplicate to be than making an appointment with except oneself 55% .
This knows a net to check heavy report was generated 2015, hou Huaixia is to be in what passed on June 6, 2008 to rejoin, the listed is duplicated article in the report also included the article that after print of partial Hou article is sent, publishs.
For " avoid an error " , yao Hongjun undertook be comparinged artificially is opposite again. Group of his one page page goes Hou Wen in as duplicate as other more character, "The most conservative estimation also exceeded 60 thousand word " .
Doctoral paper altogether of Hou Huaixia 160 thousand much word, according to Yao Hongjun's algorithm, 36% what these duplicate part at least take this paper.
The Chinese marine university that Hou Huaixia graduates was promulgated 2010 " behavior of dishonourable of learning of graduate student of Chinese marine college handles way " , among them the 10th mentions expressly: Whole Duan Lei takes whole science gain with content 30% above, or the body that regards oneself as academic gain the academic gain of other or materiality part, form spend again borrowed behavior; Occupy 10% and be not main innovation dot, also form spend gently borrowed behavior.
Graduate student of college of Shanghai politics and law is in government-owned net to show, hou Huaixia took an examination of program of environment of Chinese marine university and management 2004 (way of environmental resource way) professional. On June 6, 2008, she completed project.
Yao Hongjun offers tell a network check heavy report to show, hou Huaixia has 5 periodical article additionally to also be pointed to to borrowed. Published 2004 " analyse of forestall meaning explore " , published 2006 " the establish of system of our country credit and perfect " , published 2007 " the environment that goes up by constitution fors the time being " reach " by the individual the business victim of solely invested enterprise style quality " , these papers already published document except oneself duplicate content occupies score to be 53.1% , 69.1% , 55.4% , 47.6% , 97.8% .
Yao Hongjun thinks, these data show borroweding is again clear the fact that does not pass. However, the conclusion that office of council of assess of degree of Chinese marine college gives out is, doctor's degree paper can't form Hou Huaixia to be spent gently borrowed; The cognizance conclusion of institute of Shanghai politics and law also is periodical article of Hou Huaixia not to make academic dishonourable conduct.
This " fact " also sufferred him Hou Huaixia refute. She tells the blueness in · of Chinese youth newspaper online reporter, duplicate to be met than laws and regulations of middling manage and law mark, and she is not to cite directly to the viewpoint of others, apply secondhand namely, "This learning standard is allow " .
Hou conceives Xia Jian to say: "I do not have an in any way to go enroach on and cover the thing that takes others, whether to borrowed at present the school has had verdict, these conclusion have a basis. These conclusion have a basis..
She still expresses, among them article of a periodical " consider an individual the quality of business victim style of solely invested enterprise " , actually " others copies me, it is the paper market that I publish first " . Regard the material information of collected works as to this, she says however " time is too long write down did not rise " .
"I do not have those problems. If be formed really,borrowed, I am willing to assume any responsibility. " Hou Huaixia says.
Letter machine, still believe a person
Yao Hongjun wants not to understand: "I also learn law, in black and white evidence is placed here, can't still maintain? Can't still maintain??
Look in him, reside what do not fall high " duplicate than " it is to push the fact that does not break up.
But in the key point of expert Li Ji that shares appraisal of Hou Huaixia paper in committee of learning of officer of Chinese marine university, check the number in heavy report not to have powerful conviction certainly.
Li Jicheng admits " paper existence blemish of Hou Huaixia " , but he emphasizes at the same time, "This is not belonged to absolutely borrowed " .
According to his view, tell a network check the statement with heavy meeting similar number, but cannot make more subtle differentiate. The doctoral paper that resembles Hou especially is law category, involve cite many law law circumstance.
In his impression, be informed against in Hou Wen similar share, cover popular science sex to narrate, news kind report, also have relevant law law, and these want according to actual condition will decide integratedly.
"A few historic overview, if using his occasionally, the overview forbids instead, be inferior to citing directly already some views. " Li Ji says. "Know a net to check the only standard that weigh and cannot borrowed as judge learning. "Know a net to check the only standard that weigh and cannot borrowed as judge learning..
Begin from 2007, academic dishonourable problem is taken seriously even more, partial college asks paper of Master graduate student and doctoral paper need to undertake knowing a net to check weighing, detect only eligible ability paper rejoins, this requirement subsequently outspread also arrived undergraduate course phase.
Check than artificial sieve, its database is giant, the sieve checks a standard to unite, working cycle is short, faced a large number of papers that grow day and day to assure speed of examine and verify, it became academic problem sieve to check what cannot replace gradually " the first line of defence " .
2012, ministry of Education is promulgated " dissertation cheat behavior handles way " , 2014, promulgate again " method of sampling observation of paper of doctoral master's degree " . From the point of Baidu search index, know a net to check heavy search index to begin to appear from 2012 elevatory.
But although know a net to check,be our country again current and opposite reliable check heavy tool, the machine detects the difference with exist certain after all with factitious differentiate, the dispute of differentiate of problem of a few concerned learning often also arises accordingly.
Li Ji says, introduce after telling a network, academia often will " duplicate than " as decide the exclusive level with whether acceptable paper. The problem is, many excellent papers are to be in what advance on some achievement already, outstanding innovation is nodded but the likelihood also exists more similar point, be duplicated very easily to compare this one index " one club beats dead " ; Another part person found shortcut accordingly however -- can do not have a viewpoint, but want to be able to be used write a law freshly to pack.
Look in Li Ji, know a net to check what assured a paper really on one hand again is former achieve a gender, at the same time however also " encircled gentleman, let off Lilliputian " .
This chance ever was died by many people deathtrap gaze at. On market, a kind so called " know a net to check instead heavy " begin popularity, emerge as the times require of sundry paper testing system. Open clean out treasure, the software that sales volume of a month is as high as many 550 thousand still can be offerred " fall heavy " service.
Take this software for, it can investigate serious case according to the paper, automatic computation paper " fall heavy " the price, if demand is urgent, 24 hours of processing are over to still need to increase fund again. Whenever graduate season, the paper of this shop is checked reach again " fall heavy " ground of Ceng of service price Ceng rises.
Somebody is summed up, the person that the purpose borroweds can drop those who tell a network to check with all sorts of method avoid heavy, and because the person that with great concentration is created cites the issue cannot be passed possibly however.
"Know a net to examine the existence of heavy system, in the final analysis is to go to the lavatory, be not absolutely. " Chu Chaohui of researcher of academy of Chinese education science says, " academic dishonourable should be handed in make judgement by professional organization and professional personage.
Attention removes learning to borrowed too much the institute of law of university of the nation central of incident teachs Xiong Wenzhao, also approve this kind of statement. He expresses, the likeness that knows a net to check heavy system statistic is spent can use as clew, whether to form borrowed must differentiate an analysis further.
In numerous academic dishonourable behavior, the object majority that learning makes a holiday originates the person that the dominance that carries other book directly borroweds. Serve as a kind more covert means, "Soft " the attention that borrowed and causes people not easily.
"Soft " besides, still have a broader scope -- " recessive " borrowed. Have domestic famous college in reading a student to sign up for · to Chinese youth, black online reporter discloses, the project of oneself and adviser write in collaboration with by adviser privately " occupy by force " : Abbreviate is short story paper, publish on periodical secretly with the individual's name. Adviser explanation appears only an author is " periodical asks " ; But periodical is responded to " appear impossibly basically this kind of circumstance " .
Although be mixed to professional organization for professional personage, differentiating an analysis to borrowed also is path difficult problem. For instance the not trenchant to bounds region intermediate, what can become judge to borrowed standard?
Li Ji's method is to decide whether did the author offer new point of view. But the problem is, "Viewpoint machine cannot identify, need depends on a person to judge. But the person is trusted very hard again " .
They can return to software again only, this professor is helpless, "But software is impossible error wanting " .
In fact, be in abroad, the sieve checks a paper to basically also depend on such turning over to borrowed testing system. The system with the most common application in foreign university is Turnitin.
The article in the documentation that Turnitin can upload the user and tiring-room database is made than be opposite, the proportion that computational likeness spends, and contain a large number of pertinent information " the original report that achieve a gender " .
But this system, having extremely giant database: The periodical magazine that exceeds 10 thousand kinds to differ, number with 1 million plan books, with one billion four hundred and ten million and sixty-five thousand four hundred and eight plan webpage. It still used intelligent corpus technology -- even if you adapted textual, same meeting is exposed.
New technology whether detect old issue
Be written into doctoral paper by Hou Huaixia " express one's thanks to " medium Liu Huirong, currently hold the post ofChinese marine university the Party committee secretary of law politics institute. Hou Huaixia expresses, the friend that Liu is him, once leader and colleague, oneself ever gave during reading rich a lot of encourage.
Liu Huirong signs up for the blueness in · to Chinese youth online reporter expresses, 2008, await in those days, in the institute rejoin to still did not check serious step. Examine to the paper of Hou, it is to rejoin the examine and verify that panel member passes a few appraise sth through discussion to undertake to content.
"This does not have any problems at that time. " she emphasizes.
Look in her, those who be put in the problem is to inform against itself instead. "The doctoral paper of Hou was published 2008, informing against a person is to used those who tell a network to check heavy software to detect 2015, this is to use present software and standard to detect the article in the past " .
She expresses, come, know a net to detect " draw lessons from " in the article, covered the article that the print after Hou Wen is published sends, who does draw lessons from bad still to say; 2 come, the times is different, go with present standard the article learning dishonourable of date from and qualitative associate with can not make sense. "Although be told from legal angle, the statement that also is put in not censure sb for his past misdeeds " .
2009, ministry of Education was promulgated " the college is humanitarian guideline of standard of social science learning " . In fact, after be being pointed to to borrowed, always have college and party response: "The paper that print delivers is published antedate each standard comes on stage. "The paper that print delivers is published antedate each standard comes on stage..
Institute of politics of Chongqing Normal University teachs Zhang Shiyou from teach 21 years, 10 papers are pointed to to borrowed, meantime title promoted to a high office from instructor professor, transferred into another university. In these papers at least 8 a large number of " cite " the bibliographical reference of language minor details, some full text is combined by many bibliographical reference and become almost.
To this, the view that Zhang Shiyou gives out is, before the paper that is informed against was published 2005 more, "Compose borroweds into so called learning, academic dishonourable, really the level 10 years ago is different " .
Finance of Hubei economy institute and Cai Gongying of dean of courtyard of fair condominium a Confucian school of idealist philosophy of the Song and Ming Dynasties ever were informed against publicly " academic dishonourable " . Above of her length of two papers half cites the paper that other already published, the monograph that monograph and other publish to already was published during the doctor is in the part is paragraphic on existence is many and similar, still two articles are suspected of one draft be being cast more.
But school learning committee is to this cognizance, two papers publish Cai Gongying time is carried out in the regulation before, the academic research management of the domain of humanitarian company division of countrywide college has not be over at that time complete standard, cite not quite normative phenomenon is commonner, also the magazine company place that publishs two article allows. "Existence learning is not quite normative problem, but do not belong to ' academic dishonourable ' behavior " .
Although mind already,do not blame, but look in Xiong Wenzhao, "Cannot go with new technology date from old issue " , the key is to should distinguish long-term since, decide have not has changed the main standard that borrowed -- for instance, whatever period, the coincide of large area is not allowed.
"In the standard particular case falls, this just detects with new technology the problem that once did not discover. " he says.
Borrowed after all who said to calculate
Regard Chinese ocean as member of university learning committee, liji remembers, receive inform against material, the school established panelist, but those who research thesis of Dr. Hou Huaixia " workload is very big " .
Arrive from analytics article write a report, li Ji was used full between two climate. Increase the flow that on a few schools provide, around spent a month almost.
He studied all home, abroad is relevant and normative, but the ambiguous region that discovery still has a lot of article to be not enclothed. He achieved level of a judge oneself even, taking a paper " a word dig or dig out with a finger or sth pointed of ground of a word " , but whether does the paper borrowed, remain the same " it is a matter that limits very hard " .
"Above all, do not have pair of standards that borrowed domestic and internationally; Next, specific to every paper, the standard of rigid also is used without giving thought to, because of the circumstance different. " he says, this process needs a lot of discussion and deliberate, do not have method to use check heavy system to come apply mechanically.
He expresses, committee of learning of officer of Chinese marine university is " self-existent " , took all this courses that take by the requirement, about Hou Lunwen detailed analysis reports, he himself does not have keep.
Black online reporter contacted committee of learning of courtyard of law of Chinese marine university in · of Chinese youth newspaper, the other side says relevant circumstance is construction of graduate school course and degree government office to be in charge of, this office phone unmanned all the time receive listen.
But a results of such appraise sth through discussion that yield Li Ji to expend setbacks, did not get informing against a person however of Yaohong army approbate.
Long-term since, college professor is pointed to to exist " borrowed " behavior is handed in after be being evaluated by school learning committee, the conclusion that reach is more " excessive cite " or non-standard, this ever also was oppugned to be " demote processing " .
21 centuries teach Xiong Bingji of academy assistant dean to think, the independence of school learning committee was opposite examine a result crucial.
Current, the academic committee of many our country colleges is set in branch of school scientific research, even if independent orgnaization, suffer administrative element interference likely also, assure hard to the consideration that inform against adequately fair.
And, appraisal borroweds is the difficult problem that the college faces not merely. Before many print send the periodical article that Yao Hongjun informs against Hou Huaixia to be suspected of borroweding to check heavy system to come out at telling a network.
Black online reporter contacts Hou Huaixia to ever published a paper in · of Chinese youth newspaper " Suzhou university journal " and " Zhengzhou university journal (edition of philosophical society science) " .
Regard core as periodical, " Suzhou university journal " the editor Kang Jingkui that ever was in charge of Hou Huaixia article says, according to present processing means, the article that deliver comes to is used above all know a net to undertake sifting checking, duplicate to edit flow than be being entered under 20% ability. And at that time, the sieve of print article checks flow to be preliminary check heavy, outside careful expert offers an opinion, pass, again by editorial office basis circumstance composing.
Nowadays, kang Jingkui already was written down not clear at that time specific investigate heavy operation, he signs up for the blueness in · to Chinese youth online reporter memory, "Look to have someone else to had sent similar article before, one draft is cast more, also can see the academic background of the person that regard. Also can see the academic background of the person that regard..
"Most by impression, the basis is right at ordinary times the control of the manuscript circumstance " . He says, "It is at most such. "It is at most such..
It is core periodical likewise, " Zhengzhou university journal (edition of philosophical society science) " economics edition piece chief Su Wei also gave out to be responded to similarly.
"At that time checks heavy system to had not appeared, flat do not have systematic pattern check heavy. " he explains, generally speaking, editorial office can be the article full text of contribute on Baidu search; Expert reexamine is later, depend on an expert to be opposite the familiar degree of author and this domain, also see intuition occasionally, see an article follow him writer the photograph accord with such as title, record of formal schooling and research direction.
"We are very difficult also. If the author copies a whole book, we know very hard. " he emphasizes repeatedly, "Quite painstaking really at that time. "Quite painstaking really at that time..
"The biggest question that our country learning evaluates a domain to appear is non-standard, it is an author above all non-standard, it is academic periodical next non-standard when print sends a manuscript. " Chu Chaohui says.
To this, chu Chaohui's proposal is, the tripartite that strengthens outside school evaluates orgnaization construction, let tripartite orgnaization come judge fact, later, make punishment by school service again.
Step forward the road that the thought of dimension difficult fors the time being
These mechanisms had been not built at present, as inform against a person, yao Hongjun says, inform against in this in, oneself most time is awaiting.
Since May 2015, the material in his while you're at it begins to inform against. Went one many year, yao Hongjun came to office of council of assess of degree of Chinese marine college to make " those who investigate conclusion tell letter " .
Of the same age in December, the institute of Shanghai politics and law that Yao Hongjun begins to hold a post to Hou Huaixia informs against academic dishonourable problem of Hou Huaixia. Cannot think of, its lug is a year many.
"Although according to the regulation, handle time also not better than 90 weekday. " Yao Hongjun says, actually, " construction of style of study of institute of Shanghai politics and law carries out detailed rules " the 8th also clarifies: Receive after informing against, the school should work in a few days to organize personnel formally to undertake investigating in 30, board of inquiry should finish the provision that the fact maintains within 60 weekday.
On June 9, 2017, institute of Shanghai politics and law just gives out cognizance conclusion, this cognizance conclusion expresses: "Hou Huaixia publishs with name of institute of Shanghai politics and law " the establish of system of our country credit and perfect " " consider an individual the quality of business victim style of solely invested enterprise " two papers, do not make academic dishonourable conduct. Do not make academic dishonourable conduct..
On July 5, 2017, yao Hongjun offers application to institute of Shanghai politics and law again, ask to its maintain a level publicly and be made afresh maintain.
This, the school gives out very quickly answer. After two weeks, yao Hongjun got a result, "Mention with same fact and reason again check, new appraisal is equal to repeat program and appraisal, waste resource, school learning committee does not grant to accept to this second check application " , but did not make a response to maintaining standard demand publicly.
The Yao Hongjun that studies law cannot approve such result, he still wants " absolutely truth " .
Can release 2018 according to American national science foundation " science and project index " , china exceeds the United States first on the paper amount that already published, but the adduction of American paper is led taller. Communicate central statistic according to AEIC learning, last year a year, the paper that our country college produces 15 cases to be made public to discuss borroweds incident, there is no lack of among them home's top-ranking renown school.
This also is one of reasons that his persistence informs against. Look in Yao Hongjun, the faintly that clears up Hou Huaixia paper is taken, affect an individual not only, also matter to the integral standard that our country learning evaluates.
"Be in institute of politics and law, especially between law doctor, all standards and regulation, even if go regular, it is to be able to take those who discuss. " he says.
(should cover object demand, the Li Ji in article, Su Wei is alias)
The blueness in · of Chinese youth newspaper is online trainee Guo Xiao Yang installs reporter Wang Jingshuo Feng Yi
Http://zqb.cyol.com/html/2019-04/03/nw.D110000zgqnb_20190403_2-07.htm
