Does common saying say: ? ? of of extensive of white show off relies on fat husband completely. " nowadays, be in a lot of places of our country, crops " this branch is beautiful " rely on chemical fertilizer completely almost really " n/COL the head of a family " . But, in make sure commissariat is safe while, unreasonable employ fertilizer also created constant pressure to the environment.
The author thinks, chemical fertilizer cannot be done not have to improving agricultural crop meritorious service, comparative in future at least long-term period of time, the mankind wants satiate abdomen, cast off the dependence to it impossibly. The key of the problem depends on how be being known scientificly, reasonable use, promote the use of chemical fertilizer efficiency especially. Return the angle that is environmental protection from agriculture, economy no matter, this is a problem that is worth to think.
The negative effect of chemical fertilizer is exaggerated badly
As a result of unreasonable conduct propaganda, people is immersed in very big error to the understanding of chemical fertilizer, what affect a country even is decision-making. For example, the report states so: "Chemical fertilizer of successive and many use wastes resource not only, increase agriculture to produce cost, also bring water system gas of eutrophication, greenhouse is discharged, a series of environment problems such as edaphic acidification and accentuation of plant diseases and insect pests.
Then, "Fertilize in great quantities continuously " the pronoun that became contemporary agriculture. So, whether is fertilization of our country agriculture reasonable? Industry thinks commonly, reasonable fertilization level is 225 kilograms / hectare. According to the statistical number 2014, our country crop sows an area to be 2.482 billion mus, tea garden area is 40 million mus, orchard area is 197 million mus; Of the same age, quantity of use of our country fertilizer is fifty-nine million nine hundred and fifty-nine thousand tons, among them nitrogenous fertilizer makes an appointment with 32.39 million tons, add up to every hectare nitrogenous fertilizer to be not worth 180 kilograms, does He Laiyan weigh the saying of excessive?
Say edaphic acidification besides. Our country is put in edaphic acidification problem really, but be basically employ chemical fertilizer cause? Before new China holds water, our country does not have employ chemical fertilizer almost, doesn't southern farmer often also reform in lime of the employ in cropland soil? Basis " plant acid grows academic " research, the plant is growing in the process, root system can secrete soil of H+ ionic acidification, and the plant grows the amount is larger, the effect of acidification soil is bigger. If be concerned with fertilization, because fertilization makes the plant grows,that also is exuberant, excretive acid is more, the rate of edaphic acidification is rapidder. To this, in cultivating a process employ lime or other and basic material reform soil can.
A lot of public think the produce of employ chemical fertilizer is unsafe agriculture products. Need to point out here: Chemical fertilizer is not pesticide, it is to be a plant to grow the stock that development offers indispensible nutrition element, if the nutrient composition in the plant is protein, amino after waiting for nutrient element through absorbing the nitrogen in fertilizer, phosphor, Potassium, acerbity, vitamin turn chemical combination to become. Do a lot of experiments make clear: ? Person tip of Mou ┑ accumulate Gou well element of nutrition of? of of excrement of word of saddle of male of Chi Liu instrument is reasonable the lysine content in cooperating employ to be able to raise corn.
When plant inanition, can lower yield substantially not only, also can affect quality badly. A lot of more current such as " melon not sweet, fruit is not sweet " the reason is to do not have sound use chemical fertilizer, is not chemical fertilizer caused character to drop.
Organic agriculture is not masses agriculture
Be in our country, people often organic agriculture and organic fertilizer marriage, think erroneously employ organic fertilizer (not employ chemical fertilizer) agriculture is organic agriculture. So, is organic agriculture the way that agriculture develops and tide? Can organic fertilizer develop mainstream fertilizer?
Here give uncecessary details word of a paragraph of science history. At the beginning of 17 centuries, german scientist Tai Yier (Albrecht Daniel Thaer) is in " reasonable agricultural principle " put forward in one book: Edaphic fertility depends on the content of edaphic humus, the reason is the only source that be based on it is plant nutrient. Ceng Yi of this one doctrine is spent by academia is wide at that time to accept, be called by later generations " humus nutrition doctrine " , but it did not earth up fertilizer to soil or raise crop crop to bring qualitative flight.
1837, germanization learns a Libixi (Justus Von Liebig) is in England Liverpudlian made on held England Association for the Advancement of Science about " current and organic fertilizer learns academic current situation " report, after thinking on the earth humus appears at the plant, is not a plant before, because this floral is primitive,nutrient can be mineral only -- this is called later namely " 3 Dali discuss contemporary agriculture foundation " one of " mineral dietetics says the plant " .
It is with England exemple, organic and wheaten per unit area yield is 4 tons / hectare, and rather than is organic and wheaten be 8 tons / hectare. If Europe wants to feed his with organic agriculture, the cultivated land that needs to increase 28 million hectare -- the summation that this is equivalent to France, Germany, Denmark and British forest area. But silvan instead farm, can zoology environment still maintain?
The United States began organic attestation 2002, year of increase rate of organic agriculture from original 15% drop 2010 7% -- nevertheless, 4% what at present organic agriculture product takes American food market only. Just think, agrarian region of American average per capita accumulates 66.46 hectare still cannot large area develops organic agriculture, farmland of our country average per capita has 0.098 hectare only, the development direction that will organic agriculture be henceforth?
The author thinks, contemporary agriculture cannot leave fertilizer, the times of organic fertilizer is already far go; Because organic litter is worn in serious pollution,the very big reason that uses organic fertilizer at present is environment, and the optimal processing technique of these litter regards organic fertilizer as employ namely at soil, in relying on soil microbial decompose its.
Actually, all sorts of negative effect that fertilizer brings, can be solved completely through more scientific, reasonable method. Return original agricultural position for the problem that evasive fertilizer place creates, support the population of the whole world impossibly. Organic agriculture becomes masses agriculture impossibly, it rises to satisfy the small number of people's demand to develop, also be the agricultural development means that cannot last at the same time, can hold very small proportion only in whole agriculture.
Science solves the negative effect of chemical fertilizer
Chemical fertilizer is in make sure commissariat is safe while, also created constant pressure to the environment. The Ministry of Agriculture put forward 2015 " chemical fertilizer pesticide 0 growth act " , what should solve fertilizer namely is efficient use an issue, the fertilizer in including how to let use be buried area is absorbed to use more by the plant, little prediction of a person's luck in a given year arrives in the environment. Agriculture fertilizes to 0 grow even if should reduce an amount not reduction of output, this must be offerred through science and technology prop up -- below the circumstance that did not break through in fertilization technology or fertilizer production technology, decrease a quantity to mean reduction of output.
How does ability reduce fertilization? The answer is to enhance fertilizer effectiveness, although use fertilizer less,also can carry yield changeless.
This needs reasonable fertilization, hold 4 " correct " : Namely correct fertilizer, right dosage, right time, proper place.
Among them, correct fertilizer needs innovation fertilizer technology, production gives the fertilizer that suits level of modernization of our country agriculture, use more, little loss and fertilization is handy.
As to right dosage, our country is in before the rightest dose grows in research crop all the time in fertilization of the recipe that measure land, if the amount of fertilizer use exceeded the requirement of crop, can create waste, decrease a quantity to want to reduce unreasonable excessive share just about come down.
Crop grows in different time paragraph inside different also to the demand of nutrient, if time is wrong, the fertilizer of employ cannot be absorbed by crop and put in staying in soil, not only waste still can be polluted, because this right time is to point to,be in when crop needs most, fertilize, in order to achieve best result.
Proper place compares good understanding, put chemical fertilizer in the root department that leaves crop for instance nearly a bit, it is better to absorb the effect to be met.
In recent years, our country introduced a lot of new fertilization technologies successfully, also developed a batch of environments friendly model new-style fertilizer breed, of these technologies, product reasonable the dosage that uses greatly can managing chemical fertilizer. Just, although some technologies are very mature, the farmer is not willing to use however, the reason is operation trouble and cost is high, this releases a few policy to try to guide with respect to need country, adopt urge measure.
Visible, use efficient fertilization technology, below the premise that assures food safety, reduce the effect of environment of state of chemical fertilizer opposite to lowermost rate, the double talent propping up that needs science and technology and policy comes true stage by stage.
