Last year on August 28, beijing of capital aviation JD5759 - Macao airliner appears when Macao airport lands " dolphin jumps " , in double hair different level is damaged, before landing gear ruptures below the circumstance answer flying equipment falls Shenzhen, cause attention.
Accident after 7 many months, south the reporter obtained this accident to investigate final report from civil aviation bureau of Macao Special Administrative Region recently, the report is divided when affirming accident reason is the airliner lands dash forward outside encountering shear of wind of serious low altitude, still announce first: The airliner is in answer the right hair with smaller degree will be damaged to push by accident in flying process to accommodation train, cause pelter of aircraft motive force, spark for two times inside 15 seconds stall warning. After unit staff is corrected in time, JD5759 falls smoothly fully Shenzhen, in on machine 166 people, 5 passengers are in scattered when get flesh wound.
Pilot of senior civil aviaton is accepted south when the reporter is interviewed, express, JD5759 lands danger is as unripe as annulus during He Fufei, attitude is down with nose when landing the 2nd times serious hard-land, "The plane does not have disintegrate already was very lucky " , "This reports to us every air man has educational sense very much. "This reports to us every air man has educational sense very much..
Macao civil aviation bureau already suggested Macao airport is evaluated add proper equipment, bring hazardous weather condition in order to sense a possibility; In suggesting capital aviation trains in the flight simulation of air man, join the rehabilitate that the phenomenon rebounds after landing to handle a practice, strengthen air man to groom, be opposite in order to ensure plane advocate hold before accusing to have major change, coflyer must undertake to information of the instrument on machine across is checked, after affirming, change again.
Land for the first time: Dash forward encounter shear of wind of serious low altitude, the airport does not have exploration instrument
Findings report of Macao civil aviation bureau says, accident that day, JD5759 is very normal when the juniorest close phase that enters Macao International Airport, plane ground fast maintain control in 150 (namely 277.8 kilometers / when) , in before landing for the first time 1 minute of 25 seconds, report of ground control tower is downwind 7 (about 3.6 meters / second) 220 degrees, when descending more than downwind must not exceed 10 (namely 5.14 meters / second) the biggest limitation.
However, metabolic arise suddenly. In the plane from 200 feet (namely 60.96 meters) drop reach 5 feet (1.524 meters) in the process, downwind inside 12 seconds from 9 (4.63 meters / second) turn into 27 (13.89 meters / second) , increase 18.
Findings report says, when vertical 100 feet (30.48 meters) inside produce more than 12 (about 6.17 meters / second) when wind speed changes, be inspected namely serious wind shear -- JD5759 is in the instant before landing for the first time dash forward encounter shear of wind of serious low altitude, downwind urgent leap is added and have sink strongly air current, bring about plane airspeed and lift to drop, airspeed by 200 feet 139 when (257.43 kilometers / when) fall quickly 119 when reaching 5 feet (220.39 kilometers / when) .
Findings report says, macao airport did not deploy the instrument that can explore shear of low altitude wind, the information of shear of low altitude wind that control tower report did not receive when accordingly JD5759 lands; Flight data shows, alarm of airborne wind shear also was not sparked.
Final, this brings about JD5759 to arrange 300 meters of place within 34 runway entrance, with 2.36G implementation of perpendicular overload peak value lands for the first time -- exceed normal value, have not achieve land again degree (be more than be equal to 2.6 G, be less than 2.86 G) . Before land momently, pilot and deputy draw a report " the plane pats track suddenly to go up directly " .
Chinese aerostat owner and driver association (AOPA) Xiang Na of Chen Jianguo of pilot of chairman of flight technology branch, senior civil aviaton the reporter expresses, shear of serious low altitude wind can cause certain effect to plane performance. "27 downwind a bit big, can make plane lift is reduced suddenly, cause easily land again. Cause easily land again..
Experience thing flight belongs to airbus A320-214 model. Owner of aerostat of pilot of senior air traveler, China and driver association (AOPA) Ma Xin of director of flight technology chapter is accepted south when the reporter is interviewed, express, empty guest deployed shear of two kinds of wind to explore a system, early-warning type and instant response type. According to the data that findings report gives out, the interval with wind speed the biggest change is to be in 50 feet (15.24 meters) the following, "Inside this one interval, the main energy of air man is put in visual judging land to go up, the speech of empty guest hints the needless function such as the system can be shut, this is aircraft manufacturer design, because alarm of this wind shear was not sparked. Because alarm of this wind shear was not sparked..
Ma Xin says, normal circumstance allots the Ying Fufei after shear showing wind, but in this accident, the height that wind shear produces too too low, fast, change is too big, and without any warnings, aircrew may have not enough time to think, plane with respect to ground connection, its report " pat track to go up " it is professional term, mean a plane to drop fast, drop rate is old, in order to exceed regular rate ground connection.
Land the 2nd times: Aircrew adjusts nose to be down, serious hard-land causes double hair damage
Findings report of Macao civil aviation bureau says, first time of experience thing JD5759 with advocate after landing gear lands, bounce with 7.5 degrees of angle of elevation, amount to the greatest height 7 feet (about 2.13 meters) . In this one process, spark plane " a simple move or action " (" PITCH, PITCH " ) alarm (hint aircrew notices angle namely, avoid to brush end) , "It is the response that serves as pair of this one clew probably, air man undertakes adjustment, made nose be down bend inclined operation, continuously 7 seconds are forward push rod, make the plane is inside 4 seconds by up 7.5 degrees turn into be down 1.8 degrees. Make the plane is inside 4 seconds by up 7.5 degrees turn into be down 1.8 degrees..
And, in bounce process, plane accelerator lever from climb move to accommodation train (this is to land normally the operation that should become) , this brings about a plane to prevent bounce to protect a function in ground of the activation in sky, rise a faze to flow board (thereby the lift that discharge divides wing) .
And manual of operation of basis empty guest and capital aviation standardization operate circuit, when the plane jumps gently, air man should choose to continue to land and maintain accelerator lever to be in accommodation train, or when jumping high choice answer flies, no matter which kind of, should maintain a normal touchdown pitch angle.
Findings report points out, experience thing airlines descends without a simple move or action that keeps normal pose, after playing 4 seconds, at 635 meters of place inside 34 runway entrance, be down 1.8 degrees of pose happening the 2nd times to land with nose, 3 landing gear at the same time ground connection, perpendicular overload peak value amounts to 3.41G, achieve " serious hard-land " standard (be more than 2.86 G) .
Because get violent bump, before landing gear package ruptures, two tire fall off, other construction also is damaged badly. A few fragments by inspiratory engine, bring about two engine to be damaged. Zun Fayou is serious, all fan lamina is damaged.
Chen Jianguo is accepted south when the reporter is interviewed, analyse, cause an aircraft attaint is serious and main because be the 2nd perpendicular overload is big when be born, and landing gear lands first before, "In aircraft design, front-wheel drive can bear only the load quantity of 10% , 3.41G exceeds normal load already, it is very normal that landing gear breaks off before, and its fragment causes damage of two side engine, especially left hair is complete by batter. Can fall fully below such circumstance Shenzhen, it is a life really big. It is a life really big..
Ma Xin tells south reporter, "A simple move or action " it is suggestive speech give an alarm, remind aircrew to notice angle namely, existence brushs end risk, be not point to brush end to had happened, and findings report shows, aircrew makes push rod accordingly the operation of nose of 7 seconds depress, "This jerks processing is breakneck, 3.41G ground connection exceeds operating limit of empty guest 2.5G already, the plane does not have disintegrate at that time already was very lucky. The plane does not have disintegrate at that time already was very lucky..
Answer fly: Shift right hair by accident to accommodation train, dynamical pelter sparks for two times stall alarm
Findings report of Macao civil aviation bureau says, in the 2nd ground connection after 3 seconds, air man decides answer fly, pull operation lever after all, bring about plane angle of elevation to increase 15 degrees, spark the 2nd times " a simple move or action " warning, end is brushed when causing a plane to leave the ground, damaged APU excretes mast and end vertebra. After aircrew is adjusted, this plane leaves Macao airport from 34 runway with 7.7 degrees of angle of elevation.
However, danger affection not so far break down.
Findings report says, answer fly after about 30 seconds, control of Macao control tower member report to aircrew " observe left hair has fire " (after the event confirms engine did not catch fire, see should be before landing gear fragment by inspiratory the scintilla of the generation when left hair, engine fire alarm did not spark) . And the aircrew conversation that black box recording records is " Fire, fire, right hair, right hair has fire " .
Flight data shows, immediately of lever of right hair thrust is moved to accommodation train, n1 of rotate speed of right hair fan from now on before 94% fall to 27% , and the Zun Facheng with serious damage carries the biggest thrust, n1 rotate speed from now on before 55% fall to 50% , pelter of aircraft motive force is brought about cannot maintain altitude, plane with minutely 1500 feet (457.2 meters) speed, from 1047 feet (about 319.13 meters) drop minimum 622 feet (about 189.59 meters) , spark for two times inside 15 seconds stall is warned -- be in 950 feet for the first time (289.56 meters) place, continuously 2 seconds; Be in 765 feet the 2nd times (about 233.17 meters) place, continuously 9 seconds.
Findings report says, black box recording shows, after in right hair thrust lever is moved to accommodation train, is there hostage doubt immediately in aircrew " be left right still? " successive 3 to control tower control member affirm which hair has fire, control member because busy director is other make a response not in time into close plane, till enquire for the first time,reply after 35 seconds " left hair " . Aircrew is corrected instantly, prevented further high loss and other breakdown.
Ma Xin tells south reporter, control tower and aircrew are complete English communicates, next likelihoods cause high-strung environment to listen by accident. Aircrew did not add judgement to receive accelerator, make the airlines flies without enough power, "Spark twice stall warning is breakneck, it is especially when low height. Stall explains the plane already was close to stall brim since admonitory noise, once stall, flying opportunity is abrupt lose lift, cannot control the ground to fall quickly. Admonitory duration is longer, the specification approachs stall speed state longer, more dangerous. More dangerous..
Safe proposal: Macao airport should add the equipment that monitor, head boat strengthens air man to groom
Findings report of Macao civil aviation bureau says, this airliner flies to Shenzhen Baoan airport subsequently, through the ground the help affirmed landing gear already was put down, engine not on fire, successful below the circumstance with missing front-wheel drive equipment falls. To avoid left hair likelihood the circumstance of be on fire, use only on the right side of exit undertakes evacuation. In on machine 166 people, 5 passengers are in scattered when get flesh wound.
Reporting finally, be aimed at this accident, macao civil aviation bureau offers safe proposal to Macao airport, suggest its are evaluated add proper equipment, bring hazardous weather condition in order to sense a possibility; Analyse and edit the operating sequence that goes up in track about exotic fragment bequeath, include to should deny need to undertake " mandatory " track examination, and evaluate increase track exotic fragment the need of automatic testing system.
Macao civil aviation bureau also offers safe proposal to capital aviation, in suggesting its train in the flight simulation of air man, join the rehabilitate that the phenomenon rebounds after landing to handle a practice; Strengthen air man to groom, be opposite in order to ensure plane advocate hold before accusing to have major change, coflyer must undertake to information of the instrument on machine across is checked, after affirming, change again.
Chen Jianguo is being accepted south when the reporter is interviewed, point out, "The sole purpose that all accidents investigate is to prevent an accident to happen once more, is not for apportion error or responsibility. is not for apportion error or responsibility..
Interview and write: South reporter Liu Miao
